Editing Nationalism (section)

=== Sport ===
{{main|Nationalism and sport}}
Sport spectacles like football's World Cup command worldwide audiences as nations battle for supremacy and the fans invest intense support for their national team. Increasingly people have tied their loyalties and even their cultural identity to national teams.<ref>Grant Jarvie and Wray Vamplew, ''Sport, nationalism and cultural identity'' (1993).</ref> The globalization of audiences through television and other media has generated revenues from advertisers and subscribers in the billions of dollars, as the FIFA Scandals of 2015 revealed.<ref>Andrew Jennings, ''The Dirty Game: Uncovering the Scandal at FIFA'' (2015).</ref> Jeff Kingston looks at football, the Commonwealth Games, baseball, cricket, and the Olympics and finds that, "The capacity of sports to ignite and amplify nationalist passions and prejudices is as extraordinary as is their power to console, unify, uplift and generate goodwill."<ref>Jeff Kingston, ''Nationalism in Asia: A History Since 1945'' (2016).</ref> The phenomenon is evident across most of the world.<ref>H. Fernández L’Hoeste et al. ''Sports and Nationalism in Latin/o America'' (2015).</ref><ref>Alan Bairner, ''Sport, nationalism, and globalization: European and North American perspectives'' (2001).</ref><ref>Gwang Ok, ''Transformation of Modern Korean Sport: Imperialism, Nationalism, Globalization'' (2007).</ref> The [[British Empire]] strongly emphasized sports among its soldiers and agents across the world, and often the locals joined in enthusiastically.<ref>P. McDevitt, ''May the Best Man Win: Sport, Masculinity, and Nationalism in Great Britain and the Empire, 1880–1935'' (2008).</ref> It established a high prestige competition in 1930, named the British Empire Games from 1930 to 1950, the British Empire and Commonwealth Games from 1954 to 1966, British Commonwealth Games from 1970 to 1974 and since then the [[Commonwealth Games]].<ref>[[Harold Perkin]], "Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British empire and Commonwealth." ''International Journal of the History of Sport'' 6#2 (1989): 145–155.</ref>

The French Empire was not far behind the British in the use of sports to strengthen colonial solidarity with France. Colonial officials promoted and subsidized gymnastics, table games, and dance and helped football spread to French colonies.<ref>Driss Abbassi, "Le sport dans l'empire français: un instrument de domination?." ''Outre-mers'' 96.364 (2009): 5–15. [http://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_1631-0438_2009_num_96_364_4411 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607082154/http://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_1631-0438_2009_num_96_364_4411 |date=7 June 2019 }}</ref>