Editing Modafinil (section)

====Major depressive disorder====
Modafinil has been studied in the treatment of [[major depressive disorder]].<ref name="pmid28318897">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kleeblatt J, Betzler F, Kilarski LL, Bschor T, Köhler S | title = Efficacy of off-label augmentation in unipolar depression: A systematic review of the evidence | journal = European Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 423–441 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28318897 | doi = 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.03.003 | s2cid = 3740987 }}</ref><ref name="pmid28590365">{{cite journal | vauthors = McIntyre RS, Lee Y, Zhou AJ, Rosenblat JD, Peters EM, Lam RW, Kennedy SH, Rong C, Jerrell JM | title = The Efficacy of Psychostimulants in Major Depressive Episodes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology | volume = 37 | issue = 4 | pages = 412–418 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28590365 | doi = 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000723 | s2cid = 27622964 }}</ref><ref name="pmid34144366">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bahji A, Mesbah-Oskui L | title = Comparative efficacy and safety of stimulant-type medications for depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis | journal = Journal of Affective Disorders | volume = 292 | pages = 416–423 | date = September 2021 | pmid = 34144366 | doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.119 }}</ref> In a 2021 [[systematic review]] and meta-analysis of [[randomized controlled trial]]s of [[psychostimulant]]s for depression, modafinil and other stimulants such as [[methylphenidate]] and amphetamines improved depression in traditional meta-analysis.<ref name="pmid34144366" /> However, when subjected to [[network meta-analysis]], modafinil and most other stimulants did not significantly improve depression, with only methylphenidate remaining effective.<ref name="pmid34144366" /> Modafinil and other stimulants likewise did not improve [[quality of life]] in the meta-analysis, although there was evidence for reduced fatigue and sleepiness with modafinil and other stimulants.<ref name="pmid34144366" /> While significant effectiveness of modafinil for depression has been reported by particular trials,<ref name="pmid25295426">{{cite journal | vauthors = Corp SA, Gitlin MJ, Altshuler LL | title = A review of the use of stimulants and stimulant alternatives in treating bipolar depression and major depressive disorder | journal = The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 75 | issue = 9 | pages = 1010–1018 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25295426 | doi = 10.4088/JCP.13r08851 }}</ref><ref name="pmid28590365" /><ref name="pmid24330897">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goss AJ, Kaser M, Costafreda SG, Sahakian BJ, Fu CH | title = Modafinil augmentation therapy in unipolar and bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 74 | issue = 11 | pages = 1101–1107 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24330897 | doi = 10.4088/JCP.13r08560 }}</ref> reviews and meta-analyses note that the effectiveness of modafinil for depression is limited, the quality of available evidence is low, and the results are inconclusive.<ref name="pmid34144366" /><ref name="pmid26906078">{{cite journal | vauthors = Malhi GS, Byrow Y, Bassett D, Boyce P, Hopwood M, Lyndon W, Mulder R, Porter R, Singh A, Murray G | title = Stimulants for depression: On the up and up? | journal = The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 203–207 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 26906078 | doi = 10.1177/0004867416634208 | s2cid = 45341424 }}</ref><ref name="pmid35174594">{{cite journal | vauthors = Miskowiak KW, Seeberg I, Jensen MB, Balanzá-Martínez V, Del Mar Bonnin C, Bowie CR, Carvalho AF, Dols A, Douglas K, Gallagher P, Hasler G, Lafer B, Lewandowski KE, López-Jaramillo C, Martinez-Aran A, McIntyre RS, Porter RJ, Purdon SE, Schaffer A, Stokes P, Sumiyoshi T, Torres IJ, Van Rheenen TE, Yatham LN, Young AH, Kessing LV, Burdick KE, Vieta E | title = Randomised controlled cognition trials in remitted patients with mood disorders published between 2015 and 2021: A systematic review by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Targeting Cognition Task Force | journal = Bipolar Disorders | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = 354–374 | date = June 2022 | pmid = 35174594 | pmc = 9541874 | doi = 10.1111/bdi.13193 }}</ref>