Editing Loudspeaker (section)

====Thermoacoustic speakers====
In 2008, researchers of Tsinghua University demonstrated a [[thermophone|thermoacoustic loudspeaker]] (or ''thermophone'') of [[carbon nanotube]] thin film,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Xiao |first1=Lin |author2=Kaili Jiang |title=Flexible, Stretchable, Transparent Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Loudspeakers |journal=Nano Letters |date=2008 |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=4539–4545 |doi=10.1021/nl802750z |pmid=19367976 |bibcode=2008NanoL...8.4539X }}</ref>  whose working mechanism is a thermoacoustic effect. Sound frequency electric currents are used to periodically heat the CNT and thus result in sound generation in the surrounding air. The CNT thin film loudspeaker is transparent, stretchable and flexible.
In 2013, researchers of Tsinghua University further present a thermoacoustic earphone of carbon nanotube thin yarn and a thermoacoustic surface-mounted device.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Yang |author2=Xiaoyang Lin |title=Thermoacoustic Chips with Carbon Nanotube Thin Yarn Arrays |journal=Nano Letters |date=2013 |doi=10.1021/nl402408j |pmid=24041369 |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=4795–801 |bibcode=2013NanoL..13.4795W }}</ref> They are both fully integrated devices and compatible with Si-based semiconducting technology.