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===Mathematicians=== {{main|Russian mathematicians}} *[[A. D. Aleksandrov|Aleksandr Aleksandrov]], developer of [[CAT(k) space]] and [[Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem]] in geometry[[File:Chebyshev.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Pafnuti Chebyshev]]]] *[[Pavel Alexandrov]], author of the [[Alexandroff compactification]] and the [[Alexandrov topology]] *[[Dmitri Anosov]], developed [[Anosov diffeomorphism]] *[[Vladimir Arnold]], an author of the [[KolmogorovâArnoldâMoser theorem]] in [[dynamical system]]s, solved [[Hilbert's 13th problem]], raised the [[ADE classification]] and [[Arnold's rouble problem]]s *[[Sergey Bernstein]], developed the [[Bernstein polynomial]], [[Bernstein's theorem (approximation theory)|Bernstein's theorem]] and [[Bernstein inequalities in probability theory]] *[[Nikolay Bogolyubov]], mathematician and theoretical physicist, author of the [[edge-of-the-wedge theorem]], [[KrylovâBogolyubov theorem]], [[describing function]] and multiple contributions to [[quantum mechanics]] *[[Nikolai Chebotaryov]], author of [[Chebotarev's density theorem]] *[[Pafnuti Chebyshev]], prominent tutor and founding father of Russian mathematics,[[File:Leonhard Euler 2.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Leonhard Euler]]]] contributed to [[probability]], [[statistics]] and [[number theory]], author of the [[Chebyshev's inequality]], [[Chebyshev distance]], [[Chebyshev function]], [[Chebyshev equation]] *[[Boris Delaunay]], inventor of [[Delaunay triangulation]], organised the first [[Soviet Student Olympiad]] in mathematics *[[Vladimir Drinfeld]], mathematician and theoretical physicist, introduced [[quantum group]]s and [[ADHM construction]], [[Fields Medal]] winner *[[Eugene Dynkin]], developed [[Dynkin diagram]], [[DoobâDynkin lemma]] and [[Dynkin system]] in [[algebra]] and [[probability]] *[[Leonhard Euler]], preeminent 18th-century mathematician, arguably the greatest of all time, made important discoveries in [[mathematical analysis]], [[graph theory]] and number theory, introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation ([[mathematical function]], [[Euler's number]], [[Euler circle (disambiguation)|Euler circle]]s<!--intentional link to DAB page--> etc.) *[[Yevgraf Fyodorov]], identified [[Periodic graph (geometry)|Periodic graph]] in geometry, the first to identify all of the 230 [[space group]]s of crystals *[[Boris Galerkin]], developed the [[Galerkin method]] in [[numerical analysis]][[File:Sofja Wassiljewna Kowalewskaja 1.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Sofia Kovalevskaya]]]] *[[Israel Gelfand]], contributed to many areas of mathematics, including [[group theory]], [[representation theory]] and [[linear algebra]], author of the [[Gelfand representation]], [[Gelfand pair]], [[Gelfand triple]], [[integral geometry]]; Wolf Prize winner *[[Alexander Gelfond]], author of [[Gelfond's theorem]], provided means to obtain infinite number of [[transcendentals]], including [[GelfondâSchneider constant]] and [[Gelfond's constant]], [[Wolf Prize in Mathematics]] winner *[[M. L. Gromov|Mikhail Gromov]], a prominent developer of [[geometric group theory]], inventor of [[homotopy principle]], introduced Gromov's compactness theorems in [[Gromov's compactness theorem (geometry)|geometry]] and [[Gromov's compactness theorem (topology)|topology]], [[Gromov norm]], [[Gromov product]]; Wolf Prize winner *[[Leonid Kantorovich]], founder of [[linear programming]], introduced the [[Kantorovich inequality]] and [[Kantorovich metric]], developed the theory of [[optimal allocation]] of resources, [[Nobel Prize in Economics]] winner *[[Aleksandr Khinchin]], developed the [[Pollaczek-Khinchine formula]], [[WienerâKhinchin theorem]] and [[Khinchin inequality]] in probability [[File:Lobachevsky cropped.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Nikolai Lobachevsky]]]] *[[Andrey Kolmogorov]], preeminent 20th-century mathematician, Wolf Prize winner; developed [[probability axioms]], [[ChapmanâKolmogorov equation]] and [[Kolmogorov extension theorem]] in [[probability]]; [[Kolmogorov complexity]] *[[Maxim Kontsevich]], author of the [[Kontsevich integral]] and [[Kontsevich quantization formula]], Fields Medal winner *[[Sofia Kovalevskaya]], the first woman professor in Northern Europe and Russia, the first female professor of mathematics, discovered the [[Kovalevskaya top]] *[[Mark Krein]], developed the [[TannakaâKrein duality]], [[KreinâMilman theorem]] and [[Krein space]], Wolf Prize winner *[[N. M. Krylov|Nikolay Krylov]], author of the [[edge-of-the-wedge theorem]], [[KrylovâBogolyubov theorem]] and [[describing function]] *[[Yuri Linnik]], developed [[Linnik's theorem]] in [[analytic number theory]] *[[Nikolai Lobachevsky]], a ''[[Copernicus]] of [[Geometry]]'' who created the first [[non-Euclidean]] geometry ([[Lobachevskian]] or [[hyperbolic geometry]])[[File:Alexander Ljapunow jung.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Aleksandr Lyapunov]]]] *[[Nikolai Lusin]], developed [[Luzin's theorem]], [[Polish space#Lusin spaces|Luzin spaces]] and [[Luzin set]]s in [[descriptive set theory]] *[[Aleksandr Lyapunov]], founder of [[stability theory]], author of the [[Lyapunov's central limit theorem]], [[Lyapunov equation]], [[Lyapunov fractal]], [[Lyapunov time]] *[[Yuri Manin]], author of the [[GaussâManin connection]] in [[algebraic geometry]], [[Manin-Mumford conjecture]] and [[Manin obstruction]] in [[diophantine geometry]] *[[Grigory Margulis]], worked on [[Lattice (discrete subgroup)|lattice]]s in [[Lie groups]], Wolf Prize and [[Fields Medal]] winner *[[Andrey Markov]], invented the [[Markov chain]]s, proved [[Markov brothers' inequality]], author of the [[hidden Markov model]], [[Markov number]], [[Markov property]], [[Markov's inequality]], [[Markov process]]es, [[Markov random field]], [[Markov algorithm]] *[[Yuri Matiyasevich]], author of [[Matiyasevich's theorem]] in [[set theory]], provided negative solution for [[Hilbert's tenth problem]] *[[Pyotr Novikov]], solved the [[word problem for groups]] and [[Burnside's problem]][[File:AAMarkov.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Andrey Markov]]]] *[[S. P. Novikov|Sergey Novikov]], worked on [[algebraic topology]] and [[soliton theory]], developed [[AdamsâNovikov spectral sequence]] and [[Novikov conjecture]], Wolf Prize and Fields Medal winner *[[Andrei Okounkov]], researcher of [[infinite symmetric group]]s and [[Hilbert scheme]], Fields Medal winner *[[Mikhail Ostrogradsky]], mathematician and physicist, author of [[divergence theorem]] and [[partial fractions in integration]] *[[Grigori Perelman]], major contributor to [[Riemannian geometry]] and [[topology]], proved [[Geometrization conjecture]] and [[PoincarĂ© conjecture]], won a [[Fields medal]] and the first Clay [[Millennium Prize Problems]] Award (declined both) *[[Lev Pontryagin]], blind mathematician, developed [[Pontryagin duality]] and [[Pontryagin class]]es in topology, and [[Pontryagin's minimum principle]] in [[optimal control]] *[[Lev Schnirelmann]], developed the [[LusternikâSchnirelmann category]] in topology and [[Schnirelmann density]] of numbers[[File:Sobolev S L.jpeg|thumb|90px|[[Sergei Sobolev]]]] *[[Moses Schönfinkel]], inventor of [[combinatory logic]] *[[Yakov Sinai]], developed the [[KolmogorovâSinai entropy]] and [[Sinai billiard]], Wolf and Abel Prize winner *[[Stanislav Smirnov]], prominent researcher of [[triangular lattice]], Fields Medalist *[[Sergei Sobolev]], introduced the [[Sobolev space]]s and [[mathematical distribution]]s, co-developed the first [[ternary computer]] ''[[Setun]]'' *[[Vladimir Steklov (mathematician)|Vladimir Steklov]], founder of [[Steklov Institute of Mathematics]], proved theorems on [[generalized Fourier series]] *[[Jakow Trachtenberg]], developed the [[Trachtenberg system]] of [[mental calculation]] *[[A. N. Tikhonov|Andrey Tikhonov]], author of [[Tikhonov regularization]] of [[ill-posed problem]]s, [[Tikhonov space]] and [[Tychonoff's theorem|Tikhonov's theorem]] (central in [[general topology]]), invented [[magnetotellurics]] *[[Pavel Urysohn]], developed the [[metrization theorems]], [[Urysohn's Lemma]] and [[FrĂ©chetâUrysohn space]] in topology *[[N. A. Vasiliev|Nicolay Vasilyev]], inventor of [[non-Aristotelian logic]], the forerunner of [[Paraconsistent logic|paraconsistent]] and [[multi-valued logic]]s *[[I. M. Vinogradov|Ivan Vinogradov]], developed [[Vinogradov's theorem]] and [[PĂłlyaâVinogradov inequality]] in [[analytic number theory]] *[[Vladimir Voevodsky]], introduced a [[homotopy theory]] for schemes and modern [[motivic cohomology]], Fields Medalist *[[Georgy Voronoy]], invented the [[Voronoi diagram]] *[[Dmitry Yegorov]], author of [[Egorov's Theorem]] in [[mathematical analysis]] *[[Efim Zelmanov]], solved the [[restricted Burnside problem]], Fields Medal winner
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