Editing Islamic philosophy (section)

===Philosophy of history===
The first detailed studies on the subject of [[historiography]] and the first critiques on [[historical method]]s appeared in the works of the [[Arab]] [[Ash'ari]] polymath [[Ibn Khaldun]] (1332–1406), who is regarded as the father of [[historiography]], [[cultural history]],<ref>Mohamad Abdalla (Summer 2007). "Ibn Khaldun on the Fate of Islamic Science after the 11th Century", ''Islam & Science'' '''5''' (1), pp. 61–70.</ref> and the [[philosophy of history]], especially for his historiographical writings in the ''[[Muqaddimah]]'' ([[Latin]]ized as ''Prolegomena'') and ''Kitab al-Ibar'' (''Book of Advice'').<ref>S. Ahmed (1999). ''A Dictionary of Muslim Names''. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. {{ISBN|1-85065-356-9}}.</ref> His ''Muqaddimah'' also laid the groundwork for the observation of the role of [[Sovereign state|state]], [[communication]], [[propaganda]] and [[systematic bias]] in history,<ref>H. Mowlana (2001). "Information in the Arab World", ''Cooperation South Journal'' '''1'''.</ref> and he discussed the rise and fall of [[civilization]]s.

[[Franz Rosenthal]] wrote in the ''History of Muslim Historiography'':

{{Blockquote|Muslim historiography has at all times been united by the closest ties with the general development of scholarship in Islam, and the position of historical knowledge in MusIim education has exercised a decisive influence upon the intellectual level of historicai writing... The Muslims achieved a definite advance beyond previous historical writing in the [[sociology|sociological]] understanding of [[history]] and the systematisation of [[historiography]]. The development of modern historical writing seems to have gained considerably in speed and substance through the utilization of a Muslim Literature which enabled western historians, from the 17th century on, to see a large section of the world through foreign eyes. The Muslim historiography helped indirectly and modestly to shape present day historical thinking.<ref>[http://members.tripod.com/~salems2/historiography.htm "Historiography"]. The Islamic Scholar.</ref>}}