Editing History of Mexico (section)

===Economic "miracle" (1940–1970)===
{{Main|Mexican Miracle}}
[[File:Logo de Nafin.svg|thumb|left|upright|Logo of ''Nacional Financiera'' (NAFIN), the state development bank.]]

During the next four decades, Mexico experienced high rates of economic growth, an achievement some historians call "''El Milagro Mexicano''" the [[Mexican miracle|Mexican Miracle]]. A key component of this phenomenon was the achievement of political stability, which, since the founding of the dominant party, has ensured stable presidential succession and control of potentially dissident labor and peasant sections through participation in the party structure. In 1938, [[Lázaro Cárdenas]] used Article 27 of the Constitution of 1917, which gave [[subsoil]] rights to the Mexican government to expropriate foreign oil companies. It was a popular move but did not generate further major expropriations. With Cárdenas's hand-picked successor, [[Manuel Avila Camacho]], Mexico moved closer to the U.S. as an ally in World War II. This alliance brought significant economic gains to Mexico. By supplying raw and finished war materials to the Allies, Mexico built up significant assets that, in the post-war period, could be translated into sustained growth and industrialization.<ref>Cline, ''U.S. and Mexico'', pp. 333–359.</ref>

After 1946, the government took a rightward turn under President [[Miguel Alemán Valdés|Miguel Alemán]], who repudiated the policies of previous presidents. Mexico pursued industrial development through [[import substitution industrialization]] and tariffs against imports. Mexican industrialists, including a group in Monterrey, Nuevo León, and wealthy business people in Mexico City, joined Alemán's coalition. Alemán tamed the labor movement in favor of policies supporting industrialists.<ref>Peter H. Smith, "Mexico Since 1946: Dynamics of an Authoritarian Regime" in ''Mexico Since Independence'', Leslie Bethell, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press 1991, 321, 324–25.</ref><ref>John W. Sherman, "The 'Mexican Miracle' and Its Collapse" in ''The Oxford History of Mexico'', Michael C. Meyer and William H. Beezley, eds. New York: Oxford University Press 2000, pp. 576–77, 583.</ref>
[[File:Exèrcit al Zócalo-28 d'agost.jpg|thumb|right|Mexican Army troops in the [[Zócalo]] in the 1968 [[Tlatelolco massacre]].]]

Financing industrialization came from private entrepreneurs, such as the Monterrey group, but the government funded a significant amount through its development bank, ''{{ill|Nacional Financiera|es|vertical-align=sup}}''. Foreign capital through direct investment was another source of funding for industrialization, much of it from the United States.<ref>Smith, "Mexico Since 1946", pp. 325–26.</ref> Government policies transferred economic benefits from the countryside to the city by keeping agricultural prices artificially low, which made food cheap for city-dwelling industrial workers and other urban consumers. Commercial agriculture expanded with the growth of exports to the U.S. of high-value fruits and vegetables, with rural credit going to large producers, not peasant agriculture. In particular, the creation of high-yield seeds during the [[Green Revolution]] aimed at expanding commercially oriented, highly mechanized [[agribusiness]].<ref>Smith, "Mexico Since 1946", pp. 328–29, 340.</ref>