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== Foreign relations == {{Main|Foreign relations of Hezbollah}} Hezbollah has close relations with Iran.<ref>Halliday, Fred. [http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/hizbollah_3757.jsp "A Lebanese fragment: two days with Hizbollah."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820114015/http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/hizbollah_3757.jsp |date=20 August 2006 }} openDemocracy. 20 July 2006. 17 February 2007.</ref> It also has ties with the leadership in Syria, specifically President [[Hafez al-Assad]], until his death in 2000, supported it.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.meforum.org/1755/has-hezbollahs-rise-come-at-syrias-expense#_ftnref1 |title=Has Hezbollah's Rise Come at Syria's Expense? |journal=Middle East Quarterly |access-date=23 January 2015 |author=Rabil, Robert G |date=Fall 2007 |pages=43–51}}</ref> It is also a close Assad ally, and its leader pledged support to the embattled Syrian leader.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2013/08/28/216385513/who-are-syrias-friends-and-why-are-they-supporting-assad |title=Who Are Syria's Friends And Why Are They Supporting Assad? |publisher=NPR |date=28 August 2013 |series=Parallels |access-date=23 January 2015|last1=Calamur |first1=Krishnadev }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22669230 |title=Hezbollah leader Nasrallah vows victory in Syria |publisher=BBC News |access-date=23 January 2015}}</ref> Although Hezbollah and [[Hamas]] are not organizationally linked, Hezbollah provides military training as well as financial and moral support to the [[Sunni]] [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] group.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33566.pdf |title=Israel-Hamas-Hezbollah: The Current Conflict |publisher=CRS Report for Congress |date=21 July 2006 |access-date=8 September 2006}}</ref> Furthermore, Hezbollah was a strong supporter of the [[Second Intifada]].<ref name="nybooks"/> American and Israeli counter-terrorism officials claim that Hezbollah has (or had) links to [[Al Qaeda]], although Hezbollah's leaders deny these allegations.<ref name="Gunaratna" /><ref>Stinson, Jeffrey. [https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-07-28-lebanon-hezbollah_x.htm "Minister: Hezbollah doesn't need al-Qaeda's help fighting Israel in Lebanon"]. ''USA Today''. 28 July 2006. 17 February 2006.</ref> Also, some al-Qaeda leaders, like [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5040974.stm|publisher=BBC News|title='Zarqawi tape' urges Sunni unrest|date=2 June 2006|access-date=5 September 2013}}</ref> and [[Wahhabism|Wahhabi]] clerics, consider Hezbollah to be heretics.<ref>{{Cite news |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=5 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416220150/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |url=http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1154525810323 |title=Saudi religious leader blasts Hizbullah |access-date=6 August 2006 |archive-date=16 April 2009 }}</ref> But United States intelligence officials speculate that there has been contact between Hezbollah and low-level al-Qaeda figures who fled [[Afghanistan]] for Lebanon.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/08/13/iraq.terror/|publisher=CNN World News|author1=Boettcher, Mike |author2=Schuster, Henry |title=New terror alliance suspected in Iraq|date=13 August 2003|access-date=26 July 2006}}</ref> However, [[Michel Samaha]], Lebanon's former minister of information, has said that Hezbollah has been an important ally of the government in the war against terrorist groups, and described the "American attempt to link Hezbollah to al-Qaeda" to be "astonishing".<ref name="nybooks"/> In April 2025, a [[Hezbollah drone smuggling investigation (2024–2025)|multinational investigation]] involving Spain, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom uncovered a Hezbollah logistics network operating in Europe. Authorities arrested multiple individuals connected to the procurement of drone components intended for explosive-laden UAVs. The parts matched those used by Hezbollah in attacks on Israel, highlighting the group's international supply chain and ongoing drone development efforts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-12 |title=Hezbollah logistics support network dismantled in Europe, according to Le Figaro |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1455817/hezbollah-logistics-support-network-dismantled-in-europe-according-to-le-figaro.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=L'Orient Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-11 |title=Quand le Hezbollah achète en Europe le matériel pour fabriquer ses drones tueurs |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/quand-le-hezbollah-achete-en-europe-le-materiel-pour-fabriquer-ses-drones-tueurs-20250411 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}</ref> === Public opinion === As of 2024, Hezbollah's support within Lebanon is limited, especially after being blamed for the [[2020 Beirut explosion|2020 Beirut port explosion]] and the obstruction of accountability efforts. According to a 2024 [[Arab Barometer]] survey, 55 percent of Lebanese have "no trust at all" in the group. Support remains concentrated primarily among the [[Lebanese Shia Muslims|Shiite population]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stroul |first=Dana |date=2024-09-23 |title=Israel and Hezbollah Are Escalating Toward Catastrophe |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/israel/israel-and-hezbollah-are-escalating-toward-catastrophe |access-date=2024-09-29 |work=Foreign Affairs |language=en-US |issn=0015-7120}}</ref> According to [[Michel Samaha]], Lebanon's minister of information, Hezbollah is seen as "a legitimate resistance organization that has defended its land against the Israeli occupying force, and consistently stood up to the Israeli army".<ref name="nybooks"/> Samaha was sentenced for smuggling explosives to carry out terrorist attacks in Lebanon with the help of the Syrian regime.<ref name="meo20feb">{{cite news |date=20 February 2013 |title=Lebanon military court seeks death penalty for Samaha, Mamlouk |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=57089 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000835/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=57089 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |accessdate=20 February 2013 |newspaper=Middle East Online}}</ref><ref name="muir">{{cite news |last=Muir |first=Jim |date=9 August 2012 |title=Syria crisis: Lebanese detention highlights faultlines |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19200058 |accessdate=29 December 2012 |newspaper=BBC |location=Beirut}}</ref> According to a survey released by the "Beirut Center for Research and Information", of 800 citizens polled between 24 and 26 July 2006, during the [[2006 Lebanon War]], "showed 87 percent support for Hizbullah's{{Sic}} retaliatory attacks on northern Israel".<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Beirut Center for Research and Information |date=29 July 2006 |url=http://www.beirutcenter.info/default.asp?contentid=692&MenuID=46 |title=Poll finds support for Hizbullah's retaliation |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830210321/http://www.beirutcenter.info/default.asp?contentid=692&MenuID=46 |archive-date=30 August 2006 }}</ref> a rise of 29 percentage points from a similar poll conducted in February.{{Citation needed|reason=What Poll?|date=September 2024}} More striking, however, was the level of support for Hezbollah's resistance from Sunni communities. "Eighty percent of [[Christianity in Lebanon|Christians]] polled supported Hizbullah{{Sic}} along with 80 percent of [[Lebanese Druze|Druze]] and 89 percent of [[Lebanese Sunni Muslims|Sunnis]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0728/p06s01-wome.html |first=Nicholas |last=Blanford |work=The Christian Science Monitor |title=Israeli strikes may boost Hizbullah base |date=28 July 2006 |access-date=29 July 2006}}</ref> In a poll of Lebanese adults taken in 2004, 6% of respondents gave unqualified support to the statement "Hezbollah should be disarmed". 41% reported unqualified disagreement. A poll of Gaza Strip and West Bank residents indicated that 79.6% had "a very good view" of Hezbollah, and most of the remainder had a "good view". Polls of Jordanian adults in December 2005 and June 2006 showed that 63.9% and 63.3%, respectively, considered Hezbollah to be a legitimate resistance organization. In the December 2005 poll, only 6% of Jordanian adults considered Hezbollah to be terrorist.<ref name="an">{{cite news |url=http://arabnews.us/index.php/en/home/9-2013-04-30-13-59-49/295-what-led-to-the-rapid-increased-popularity-of-hezbollah-in-lebanon-search-by-dr-khader-hawthorn |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150203073712/http://arabnews.us/index.php/en/home/9-2013-04-30-13-59-49/295-what-led-to-the-rapid-increased-popularity-of-hezbollah-in-lebanon-search-by-dr-khader-hawthorn |archive-date=3 February 2015 |title=What led to the rapid increased popularity of Hezbollah in Lebanon |newspaper=Arab News |access-date=3 February 2015 |author=Zarour, Khoder}}</ref> A July 2006 ''USA Today''/Gallup poll found that 83% of the 1,005 Americans polled blamed Hezbollah, at least in part, for the 2006 Lebanon War, compared to 66% who blamed Israel to some degree. Additionally, 76% disapproved of the military action Hezbollah took in Israel, compared to 38% who disapproved of Israel's military action in Lebanon.<ref name="Pollingreport" /> A poll in August 2006 by ABC News and ''The Washington Post'' found that 68% of the 1,002 Americans polled blamed Hezbollah, at least in part, for the civilian casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 Lebanon War, compared to 31% who blamed Israel to some degree.<ref name="Pollingreport">[http://www.pollingreport.com/israel.htm "Israel/Palestinians."] PollingReport.com. 10 December 2006.</ref> Another August 2006 poll by CNN showed that 69% of the 1,047 Americans polled believed that Hezbollah is unfriendly towards, or an enemy of, the United States.<ref name="Pollingreport" /> In 2010, a survey of Muslims in Lebanon showed that 94% of Lebanese [[Shi'a Islam in Lebanon|Shia]] supported Hezbollah, while 84% of the [[Sunni Islam in Lebanon|Sunni]] Muslims held an unfavorable opinion of the group.<ref>[http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/12/03/muslims-offer-mixed-views-on-hamas-hezbollah-reject-al-qaeda/ Muslims offer mixed views on Hamas, Hezbollah, reject al Qaeda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206053238/http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/12/03/muslims-offer-mixed-views-on-hamas-hezbollah-reject-al-qaeda/ |date=6 December 2010 }}, CNN. 3 December 2010</ref> Some public opinion has started to turn against Hezbollah for their support of Syrian President Assad's attacks on the opposition movement in Syria.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2012/08/10/158525814/sunni-cleric-rises-to-challenge-hezbollah-in-lebanon |title=Sunni Cleric Rises To Challenge Hezbollah In Lebanon |publisher=NPR |date=10 August 2012 |access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref> Crowds in Cairo shouted out against Iran and Hezbollah, at a public speech by Hamas President Ismail Haniya in February 2012, when Hamas changed its support to the Syrian opposition.<ref>{{cite news|last=Akram|first=Fares|title=In Break, Hamas Supports Syrian Opposition|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/25/world/middleeast/hamas-leader-supports-syrian-opposition.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/25/world/middleeast/hamas-leader-supports-syrian-opposition.html |archive-date=2022-01-03 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|newspaper=The New York Times|date=24 February 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ==== View of Hezbollah ==== A November 2020 poll in Lebanon performed by the pro-Israel, American [[The Washington Institute for Near East Policy|Washington Institute for Near East Policy]] declared that support for Hezbollah is declining significantly. Below is a table of the results of their polls.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/lebanon-poll-shows-drop-hezbollah-support-even-among-shia-plurality-back-israel | title=Lebanon Poll Shows Drop in Hezbollah Support, Even Among Shia; Plurality Back Israel Boundary Talks }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:right; ! rowspan=2 | Religion ! colspan=5 | View (%) |- ! Very<br /> positive ! Somewhat<br /> positive ! Somewhat<br /> negative ! Very<br /> negative ! Unsure |- | [[Christianity in Lebanon|Christian]] | 6 | 10 | 23 | '''59''' | 2 |- | [[Shia Islam in Lebanon|Shia]] | '''66''' | 23 | 10 | 2 | 0 |- | [[Sunni Islam in Lebanon|Sunni]] | 2 | 6 | 32 | '''60''' | 0 |} === Designation as a terrorist organization or resistance movement === <!--Linked from [[Hassan Nasrallah]]--> {{see also|List of designated terrorist groups}} Hezbollah's status as a legitimate political party, a terrorist group, a resistance movement, or some combination thereof is a contentious issue.<ref name="horowitz1">{{Cite web|url=http://worldpolicy.org/2013/09/25/hezbollahs-military-and-politics-any-difference/|title=Hezbollah's Military and Politics: Any Difference? – World Policy|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019141553/http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/09/25/hezbollahs-military-and-politics-any-difference|url-status=dead}}</ref> As of October 2020, Hezbollah or its military wing are considered [[terrorist organization]]s by at least 26 countries, as well as by the [[European Union]] and since 2017 by most member states of the [[Arab League]], with the exception of Iraq and Lebanon, where Hezbollah is the most powerful political party.<ref name=Wedeman>[[Ben Wedeman]], [https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/19/middleeast/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league/index.html Arab League states condemn Hezbollah as 'terrorist organization'] [[CNN News]] 20 November 2017.</ref> In June 2024, the Arab League leadership has announced that it no longer views Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.<ref name=MEM-2024>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240629-arab-league-ceases-labeling-hezbollah-terrorist-organization/ |title=Arab League ceases labeling Hezbollah 'terrorist organization' |date=29 June 2024 |website=Middle East Monitor |access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref> The countries that have designated Hezbollah a terrorist organization include: the Gulf Cooperation Council,<ref name="GCC"/> and their members Saudi Arabia,<ref name="WSJ-Gulf-Coop">{{cite news|first1=Asa|last1=Fitch|author2=Dana Ballout|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/gulf-cooperation-council-labels-hezbollah-a-terrorist-group-1456926654|title=Gulf Cooperation Council Labels Hezbollah a Terrorist Group|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=2 March 2016|access-date=1 December 2016|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201083532/http://www.wsj.com/articles/gulf-cooperation-council-labels-hezbollah-a-terrorist-group-1456926654/|archive-date=1 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Bahrain,<ref name="bahrain-list">{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=12342&language=en-US|title=Bahrain Terrorist List (individuals – entities)|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> United Arab Emirates,<ref name="WSJ-Gulf-Coop"/> as well as Argentina,<ref name="arg-repet">{{cite web|url=https://repet.jus.gob.ar/#entidades|title=RePET|author=Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos de la Nación|language=es|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> Canada,<ref name="canada-list">{{cite web|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|title=Currently listed entities|work=Public Safety Canada|date=21 December 2018|publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301160957/https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|archive-date=1 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Colombia,<ref name="Anadolu-Agency-2020">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-21 |title=Pompeo celebra designación de Hezbolá como terrorista por Colombia, Honduras y Guatemala |trans-title=Pompeo Celebrates Hezbollah's Designation as Terrorist by Colombia, Honduras and Guatemala |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/es/mundo/pompeo-celebra-designaci%C3%B3n-de-hezbol%C3%A1-como-terrorista-por-colombia-honduras-y-guatemala/1708812 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106020835/https://www.aa.com.tr/es/mundo/pompeo-celebra-designaci%C3%B3n-de-hezbol%C3%A1-como-terrorista-por-colombia-honduras-y-guatemala/1708812 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-11-06 |publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]] |language=es}}</ref> Estonia,<ref name="jpost646587">{{Cite news|title=Estonia imposes sanctions on Hezbollah|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/estonia-imposes-sanctions-on-hezbollah-646587|access-date=2020-12-20|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Germany,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-30|title=Germany designates Hezbollah as terrorist group, conducts raids on suspects|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200430-germany-designates-hezbollah-as-terrorist-group-conducts-raids-on-suspects|access-date=2020-10-07|publisher=France 24}}</ref> Honduras,<ref name="Anadolu-Agency-2020" /> Israel,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hezbollah a recognized terrorist organization.|url=https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/hezbollah/hezbollah/hezbollah-a-recognized-terrorist-organization/|access-date=2020-10-07|website=idf.il}}</ref> Paraguay,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2025/04/25/paraguay-designates-IRGC-Hamas-Hezbollah/4371745556945/|title=Paraguay hits Iran's IRGC with terrorist designation; expands designations for Hamas, Hezbollah|date=25 April 2025|website=[[United Press International]]}}</ref><ref name="PAR">{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190820-paraguay-adds-hamas-hezbollah-to-terrorism-list/|title=Paraguay adds Hamas, Hezbollah to terrorism list|date=20 August 2019|website=Middle East Monitor|access-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820181540/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190820-paraguay-adds-hamas-hezbollah-to-terrorism-list/|archive-date=20 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Kosovo,<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2020 |title=Saudi welcomes Kosovo Government's decision |agency=[[Bahrain News Agency]] |url=https://www.bna.bh/en/news?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDj%2FUlSg0qxhkYVRqFQVTu6o%3D}}</ref> Lithuania,<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2020 |title=Bahrain welcomes Lithuania's designation of Hezbollah as terrorist organisation |agency=[[Bahrain News Agency]] |url=https://www.bna.bh/en/news?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDriZdsNssJio%2BJ6VoCQNYTc%3D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105165808/https://www.bna.bh/en/news?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDriZdsNssJio%2BJ6VoCQNYTc%3D |archive-date=5 November 2023}}</ref> Serbia,<ref name="jpost646587" /> [[Slovenia]],<ref name="Ahren">{{Cite web|last=Ahren|first=Raphael|title=Slovenia declares all of Hezbollah a 'criminal and terrorist organization'|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/slovenia-declares-all-of-hezbollah-a-criminal-and-terrorist-organization/|access-date=2020-12-20|website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> Switzerland,<ref>{{Cite news |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=17 December 2024 |title=Swiss parliament votes to ban Hezbollah|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/swiss-parliament-votes-to-ban-hezbollah-3321788 |access-date=19 December 2024|via=Deccan Herald}}</ref> United Kingdom,<ref name="homeoffice">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/proscribed-terror-groups-or-organisations--2|title=Proscribed terrorist groups|work=[[Home Office]]|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> United States,<ref name="us-fto">{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/|title=Foreign Terrorist Organizations|publisher=United States Department of State|access-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227062101/https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/|archive-date=27 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and Guatemala.<ref name=jpost646700>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/guatemala-designates-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organization-646700|title=Guatemala designates Hezbollah as terrorist organization|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> The EU differentiates between Hezbollah's political wing and military wing, banning only the latter, though Hezbollah itself does not recognize such a distinction.<ref name=jpost646587/> Hezbollah maintains that it is a legitimate [[resistance movement]] fighting for the liberation of Lebanese territory. There is a "wide difference" between American and Arab perception of Hezbollah.<ref name="nybooks"/> Several [[Western world|Western countries]] officially classify Hezbollah or its external security wing as a terrorist organization, and some of their violent acts have been described as terrorist attacks. However, throughout most of the [[Arab world|Arab]] and [[Muslim world]]s, Hezbollah is referred to as a resistance movement, engaged in [[National security|national defense]].<ref name="HG20Ak02" /><ref name="hiof-Views">{{cite web|url=http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/300/320/324/324.2/hizballah/hizballah-background.html |title=Hizbullah: Views and Concepts|publisher=Almashriq|date=20 June 1997|access-date=27 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/300/320/324/324.2/hizballah/statement01.html |title=Statement of purpose |publisher=Almashriq|date=20 March 1998 |access-date=27 January 2011}}</ref> Even within Lebanon, sometimes Hezbollah's status as either a "militia" or "national resistance" has been contentious. In Lebanon, although not universally supported, Hezbollah is widely seen as a legitimate national resistance organization defending Lebanon, and has been described by the Lebanese information minister as an important ally in fighting terrorist groups.<ref name="nybooks"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dionigi|first1=Filippo|title=Hezbollah, Islamist Politics, and International Society|date=2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-40302-5|pages=153–156}}</ref> The [[United Nations Security Council]] has never listed Hezbollah as a terrorist organization under its sanctions list, although some of its members have done so individually. The [[United Kingdom]] listed Hezbollah's military wing as a terrorist organization<ref name="UKHO2015">{{cite report |date=27 March 2015|title=Proscribed terrorist organisations|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/proscribed-terror-groups-or-organisations--2|publisher=[[Home Office]]|page=10|access-date=6 July 2015|quote=Hizballah's External Security Organisation was proscribed March 2001 and in 2008 the proscription was extended to Hizballah's Military apparatus including the Jihad Council.}}</ref> until May 2019 when the entire organization was proscribed,<ref name="UKban">{{cite news|title=Britain bans Hezbollah – Middle East|url=https://www.jpost.com/Jerusalem-Report/Britain-bans-Hezbollah-589893|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com}}</ref> and the [[United States]]<ref name="Designation-of-Foreign-Terrorist-Organizations">[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1997-10-08/pdf/97-27030.pdf Designation of Foreign Terrorist Organizations], Department of State, Federal Register, Vol. 62, No. 195, 8 October 1997</ref> lists the entire group as such. [[Russia]] has considered Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organization,<ref name="Russia-says-Hezbollah">[http://www.timesofisrael.com/russia-says-hezbollah-hamas-not-terror-groups/ ' Russia says Hezbollah, Hamas not terror groups,'] [[The Times of Israel]] 16 November 2015.</ref> and the [[China|People's Republic of China]] remains neutral and maintains contacts with Hezbollah.<ref name="Nashabe-2012">{{Cite web|first=Omar|last=Nashabe|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/6964|title=China's Ambassador in Lebanon: Hezbollah Arms a Trade Matter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130104652/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/6964 |archive-date=30 January 2017|website=[[Al Akhbar (Lebanon)|Al-Akhbar]]|date=2012-05-04}}</ref> In May 2013, [[France]] and [[Germany]] released statements that they will join other European countries in calling for an [[European Union|EU]]-blacklisting of Hezbollah as a terror group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/paris-backs-blacklisting-hezbollah-over-assad-ties/|title=Blacklisting Hezbollah EU is Blacklisting Hezbollah|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> In April 2020 Germany designated the organization—including its political wing—as a terrorist organization, and banned any activity in support of Hezbollah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/30/europe/germany-bans-hezbollah-grm-intl/index.html|title=Germany bans Lebanese militant group Hezbollah|author1=Ivana Kottasová |author2=Frederik Pleitgen |author3=Nadine Schmidt|publisher=CNN|date=30 April 2020 }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left" |+ The following entities have listed Hezbollah as a terror group: |- !Country !Listing ! class="unsortable" | Ref |- |{{flagu|Argentina}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="JPostAR">{{cite news |title=Hezbollah branded as terrorist organization in Argentina, assets frozen|url=https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Antisemitism/Argentina-freezes-Hezbollah-assets-brands-group-terrorist-organization-596086 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=19 July 2019 |access-date=19 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="TOIAR">{{cite news |last1=staff |first1=T. O. I. |title=Argentina moves toward designating Hezbollah a terror group |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/argentina-moves-toward-designating-hezbollah-a-terror-group/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=17 July 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Australia}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/australia-to-list-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organization/a-59914150|title=Australia to list Hezbollah as 'terrorist organization'|date=24 November 2021|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Belot | first=Henry | title=Australia lists neo-Nazi organisation The Base, Lebanese Shia party Hezbollah as terrorist organisations | website=ABC News |publisher= [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=24 November 2021 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-24/neo-nazi-group-base-hezbollah-terrorist-listing/100646300 | access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=guardaust/> |- |{{flagu|Austria}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name=jnsCzech/> |- |{{flagu|Bahrain}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="JPostBahrain">{{cite news|title=Bahrain's parliament declares Hezbollah a terrorist group|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Bahrains-parliament-declares-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-group-307806 |date=26 March 2013}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Canada}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name=h>{{cite web|title=Listed Terrorist Entities – Currently Listed Entities|url=http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx#2027|website=Government of Canada|publisher=Public Safety Canada|access-date=11 July 2014|date=24 March 2014}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Colombia}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="Anadolu-Agency-2020" /><ref name="ColombiaHonduras">{{cite web|last=Harkov |first=Lahav |url=https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Honduras-to-officially-designate-Hezbollah-as-a-terror-organization-614679 |title=Colombia and Honduras designate Hezbollah a terrorist organization |publisher=Jpost.com – The Jerusalem Post|date=8 December 2019 |access-date=21 January 2020}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Czech Republic}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name=jnsCzech>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jns.org/israel-praises-czech-republic-for-designating-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization/|title=Israel praises Czech Republic for designating Hezbollah a terrorist organization|date=28 October 2020|website=JNS.org}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Estonia}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name=jpost646587/> |- |{{flag|European Union}} |Hezbollah's military wing |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/EU-ministers-agree-to-blacklist-military-wing-of-Hezbollah-320639|title=EU places Hezbollah military wing on terror blacklist|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=22 July 2013|access-date=22 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="Rudoren-Jodi-2013a">{{Cite news|author1=Kanter, James |author2=Rudoren, Jodi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html|title=European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organizations|date=22 July 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=4 September 2013}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|France}} |Hezbollah's military wing, France considers the political wing as a legitimate sociopolitical organization |<ref name="Algemeiner-Journal-2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/04/04/jewish-leaders-applaud-hezbollah-terror-designation-by-france/|title=Jewish Leaders Applaud Hezbollah Terror Designation by France|work=Algemeiner Journal|date=4 April 2013|access-date=4 September 2013}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Germany}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/germany-classifies-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organisation-conducts-raids-2020-04-30|title=Germany classifies Hezbollah as terrorist organisation, conducts raids|author=Madeline Chambers |author2=Andreas Rink |agency=Reuters |publisher=NASDAQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=After U.S., Israeli pressure, Germany bans Hezbollah activity, raids mosques | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-lebanon-hezbollah/after-u-s-israeli-pressure-germany-bans-hezbollah-activity-raids-mosques-idUSKBN22C0LC | date=30 April 2020 | work=[[Reuters]] | access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Gulf Cooperation Council}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="GCC">{{cite news|date=3 June 2013|title=GCC: Hezbollah terror group|newspaper=Arab News|url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/453834|access-date=3 June 2013}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Guatemala}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name=jpost646700/> |- |{{flagu|Honduras}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="ColombiaHonduras"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hondruas-hezbollah/honduras-formally-declares-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization-idUSKBN1ZJ1SJ|title=Honduras declares Hezbollah a terrorist organization|work=Reuters|date=20 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/01/20/Honduras-becomes-latest-to-officially-declare-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization.html|title=Honduras becomes latest to officially declare Hezbollah a terrorist organization|publisher=Al Arabiya|date=20 January 2020}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Israel}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="Hezbollah – International terrorist organization"/> |- |{{flagu|Kosovo}} |Hezbollah's military wing |<ref>Weinthal, Benjamin. [https://www.jpost.com/International/The-Republic-of-Kosovo-designates-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization-594016 "The Republic of Kosovo ...."] ''The Jerusalem Post''. 30 June 2019. 2 July 2019.</ref> |- |{{flagu|Lithuania}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-13 |title=Lithuania bans Hezbollah affiliates in move hailed by Israel |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/8/13/lithuania-bans-hezbollah-affiliates-in-move-hailed-by-israel |access-date=2023-11-06 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Netherlands}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="Fairclough-Gordon-2012">{{cite news|author1=Norman, Lawrence |author2=Fairclough, Gordon |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444273704577637324167941662|title=Pressure Mounts for EU to Put Hezbollah on Terror List|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=7 September 2012|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|New Zealand}} |Hezbollah's military wing Al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya, since 2010 |<ref name="NZ-r1373-terrorlist">{{cite web |url=http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373 |title=Lists associated with Resolution 1373 |publisher=New Zealand Police |date=20 July 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Paraguay}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="JPostPAR">{{cite news |title=Paraguay labels Hezbollah a terror group, Brazil may follow |url=https://www.jpost.com/International/Brazil-to-designate-Hezbollah-a-terror-organization-599091 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=19 August 2019 |access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Serbia}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="english.alarabiya.net">{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/09/04/Trump-says-Kosovo-and-Israel-agree-to-establish-diplomatic-relations-normalize-ties|title=Kosovo, Israel agree to normalize ties; Serbia to move embassy to Jerusalem |date=4 September 2020}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Slovenia}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="Ahren" /> |- |{{flagu|United Arab Emirates}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="WSJ-Gulf-Coop"/> |- |{{flagu|United Kingdom}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name=UKban/> |- |{{flagu|United States}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm|title=Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)|access-date=16 July 2006|date=11 October 2005|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117015042/https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm|archive-date=17 November 2017}} "Current List of Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations ... 14. Hizballah (Party of God)".</ref> |} {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |+The following entities do not consider Hezbollah a terror organization: |- |{{flag|Arab League}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-06-30/ty-article/arab-league-no-longer-views-hezbollah-as-terrorist-group-top-official-says/00000190-68ed-d747-add0-e8fd4a5e0000|title=Arab League No Longer Views Hezbollah as Terrorist Group, Top Official Says - Israel News - Haaretz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/world/1810083|title=Arabs remove Hezbollah from list of terrorist organizations — senior Arab League official|website=TASS}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Algeria}} |The entire organization Hezbollah |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/algeria-risks-isolation-arab-league-over-hezbollah-stance-1870366475|title=Algeria's Hezbollah stance 'reflects view on resistance, not terrorism'|website=Middle East Eye|date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|China}} |Maintains contacts with Hezbollah |<ref name="Nashabe-2012" /> |- |{{flagu|Cuba}} |Hezbollah allegedly operates a base in Cuba |<ref name="Cuba"/> |- |{{flagu|Iran}} | |<ref name="openDemocracy">{{cite web|url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/hizbollah_3757.jsp|title=A Lebanese fragment: two days with Hizbollah|work=openDemocracy|access-date=8 August 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820114015/http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/hizbollah_3757.jsp|archive-date=20 August 2006}}</ref> |- |{{flagu|North Korea}} |Allegedly supports Hezbollah. Considers Hezbollah an organization of Lebanese patriotic forces |<ref>{{cite book|last=Farquhar |first=Scott |title=Back to Basics: A Study of the Second Lebanon War and Operation CAST LEAD |publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press |page=9 |url=http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/farquhar.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013021642/http://cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/farquhar.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2011 }}</ref> |- |{{flagu|Russia}} |Considers Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organization |<ref name="Russia-says-Hezbollah" /> |- |{{flagu|Syria}} | |<ref>{{Cite book|title=Why States Rebel. Understanding State Sponsorship of Terrorism|last=Kirchner|first=Magdalena|publisher=Barbara Budrich|year=2016|isbn=978-3-8474-0641-9|location=Opladen|pages=220–30}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |+Disputed: |- |{{flagu|Iraq}} |<ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=James |date=28 September 2015 |title=Putin's New Axis of Resistance: Russia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Hezbollah |newspaper=The Daily Beast |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/28/putin-s-new-axis-of-resistance-russia-iran-iraq-syria-and-hezbollah}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Alissa J. |date=2020-06-26 |title=Iraq Raids Iranian-Backed Militia Accused of Attacking U.S. Forces|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/26/world/middleeast/iraq-militia-iran-hezbollah.html |access-date=2022-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Al-Kadhimi and the Kataib Hezbollah raid |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/al-kadhimi-and-kataib-hezbollah-raid |access-date=2022-01-10 |website=Middle East Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-26 |title=Iraq forces raid HQ of Iran-backed Hezbollah Brigades |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200626-iraq-forces-raid-hq-of-iran-backed-hezbollah-brigades/ |access-date=2022-01-10 |website=Middle East Monitor}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Harrowing of Mustafa Kadhimi |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/harrowing-mustafa-kadhimi |access-date=2022-01-10 |publisher=The Washington Institute}}</ref> |} ==== In the Western world ==== {{cleanup section|reason=Outdated information and duplicate points|date=October 2024}} The [[United States Department of State]] has designated Hezbollah a terrorist organization since 1995. The group remains on Foreign Terrorist Organization and Specially Designated Terrorist lists. According to the [[Congressional Research Service]], "The U.S. government holds Hezbollah responsible for a number of attacks and hostage takings targeting Americans in Lebanon during the 1980s, including the [[1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut|bombing of the U.S. Embassy in Beirut in April 1983]] and the [[1983 Beirut barracks bombings|bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in October 1983]], which together killed 258 Americans. Hezbollah's operations outside of Lebanon, including its participation in bombings of Israeli and Jewish targets in Argentina during the 1990s and more recent training and liaison activities with Shiite insurgents in Iraq, have cemented the organization's reputation among U.S. policy makers as a capable and deadly adversary with potential global reach."<ref>Casey L. Addis & Christopher M. Blanchard, [https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R41446.pdf Hezbollah: Background and Issues for Congress], Congressional Research Service, 3 January 2011</ref> On 15 May 2025, two senior Hezbollah officials and two financial facilitators with new sanctions were targeted by the US, for their role in coordinating financial transfers to the Iran-backed group.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025 |title=US targets Iran-backed Hezbollah with new sanctions, Treasury Departments says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-targets-iran-backed-hezbollah-with-new-sanctions-treasury-departments-says-2025-05-15/}}</ref> The United Kingdom was the first government to attempt to make a distinction between Hezbollah's political and military wings, declaring the latter a terrorist group in July 2008 after Hezbollah confirmed its association with Imad Mughniyeh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/media/comment/view/193456|title=EU Listing of Hezbollah: Inevitable Decision with Unpredictable Consequences|work=Chatham House|access-date=5 May 2015|archive-date=21 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621082341/https://www.chathamhouse.org/media/comment/view/193456}}</ref> In 2019, the UK Government proscribed the entirety of Hezbollah as an organisation due to the difficulties in distunishing between the political and military wings, as a way of limiting its influence in the UK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Terrorism Act 2000 (Proscribed Organisations) (Amendment) Order 2019 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2019/406 |access-date=1 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hizballah to be banned alongside other terrorist organisations |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/hizballah-to-be-banned-alongside-other-terrorist-organisations |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> In 2012, British "Foreign Minister William Hague urged the European Union to place Hezbollah's military wing on its list of terrorist organizations".<ref>[http://www.jewishjournal.com/world/article/uk_urges_eu_to_classify_hezbollah_military_wing_as_terrorist_group "UK urges EU to classify Hezbollah military wing as terrorist group."] ''Jewish Journal''. 11 September 2012.</ref> The United States also urged the EU to classify Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} In light of findings implicating Hezbollah in the [[2012 Burgas bus bombing|bus bombing in Burgas, Bulgaria in 2012]], there was renewed discussion within the European Union to label Hezbollah's military wing as a terrorist group.<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4382998,00.html "Germany backs terror label for Hezbollah."] ''Ynetnews''. 22 May 2013.</ref> On 22 July 2013, the European Union agreed to blacklist Hezbollah's military wing over concerns about its growing role in the Syrian conflict.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organizations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html |date=22 July 2013 |access-date=6 November 2013| first=James| last=Kanter|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In the midst of the 2006 conflict between Hezbollah and Israel, Russia's government declined to include Hezbollah in a newly released list of terrorist organizations, with Yuri Sapunov, the head of anti-terrorism for the [[Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation]], saying that they list only organizations which represent "the greatest threat to the security of our country".<ref>{{cite news |title=Hezbollah not on Russia's "terrorist" list |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/28/AR2006072801433.html |agency=Associated Press |date=28 July 2006 |quote=Sapunov told Rossiiskaya Gazeta the list of 17 "includes only those organizations which represent the greatest threat to the security of our country." Groups linked to separatist militants in Chechnya and Islamic radicals in Central Asia made the list. |access-date=27 October 2007| first=Henry| last=Meyer |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Prior to the release of the list, Russian Defense Minister [[Sergei Ivanov]] called "on Hezbollah to stop resorting to any terrorist methods, including attacking neighboring states".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.envirosagainstwar.org/know/read.php?itemid=4382<!-- haaretz link not found --> |title=Russian defense minister says Hezbollah uses 'terrorist methods' |date=15 July 2006 |work=[[Haaretz]] Service and News Agencies |access-date=27 October 2007}}</ref> The Quartet's fourth member, the United Nations, does not maintain such a list,<ref>United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee [https://www.un.org/en/sc/ctc/ Portal]. Retrieved 7 August 2006.</ref> however, the United Nations has made repeated calls for Hezbollah to disarm and accused the group of destabilizing the region and causing harm to Lebanese civilians.<ref>Bajpai, Arunoday. [https://books.google.com/books?id=lugDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT54 "Pratiyogita Darpan."] ''Pratiyogita Darpan''. October 2006. 9 January 2011.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/08/14/mideast.main/index.html|title=Lebanon truce holds despite clashes|publisher=CNN|date=15 August 2006|access-date=4 September 2013}}</ref><ref>Frank, Thomas. [https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-07-17-israel-strategy_x.htm "Israel says it doesn't plan to occupy Lebanon."] ''USA Today''. 18 July 2006. 9 January 2011.</ref> Human rights organizations [[Amnesty International]] and [[Human Rights Watch]] have accused Hezbollah of committing [[war crimes]] against Israeli civilians.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2006/08/04/israellebanon-hezbollah-must-end-attacks-civilians "Israel/Lebanon: Hezbollah Must End Attacks on Civilians."] [[Human Rights Watch]]. 4 August 2006. 9 January 2011.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/09/14/amnesty.hezbollah/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD|title=Amnesty: Hezbollah guilty of war crimes|publisher=CNN|date=14 September 2006|access-date=4 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Cowell, Alan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/14/world/middleeast/14amnesty.html|title=Amnesty International Says Hezbollah Committed War Crimes|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 September 2006|access-date=4 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605053520/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060914.whezbollah0914/BNStory/International|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060914.whezbollah0914/BNStory/International |title=Amnesty: Hezbollah committed war crimes against Israel |work=Globe and Mail /AP |author=Katie Fretland |date=14 September 2006 |archive-date=5 June 2008 |access-date=20 October 2012 |location=Toronto}}</ref> Argentine prosecutors hold Hezbollah and their financial supporters in Iran responsible for the [[1994 AMIA Bombing]] of a Jewish cultural center, described by the [[Associated Press]] as "the worst terrorist attack on Argentine soil", in which "[e]ighty-five people were killed and more than 200 others injured".<ref name="Argentine" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nysun.com/foreign/judge-arrest-ex-president-of-iran/43312/ |title=Judge: Arrest Ex-President Of Iran |work=The New York Sun |date=10 November 2006 |access-date=21 May 2011 |archive-date=23 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123215616/https://www.nysun.com/foreign/judge-arrest-ex-president-of-iran/43312/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon, French Prime Minister [[Lionel Jospin]] condemned attacks by Hezbollah fighters on Israeli forces in south Lebanon, saying they were "terrorism" and not acts of resistance. "France condemns Hezbollah's attacks, and all types of terrorist attacks which may be carried out against soldiers, or possibly Israel's civilian population."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/655963.stm |title=French PM lashes Hezbollah 'terrorism' |publisher=BBC News |date=24 February 2000 |access-date=5 September 2013}}</ref> Italian Foreign Minister [[Massimo D'Alema]] differentiated the wings of Hezbollah: "Apart from their well-known terrorist activities, they also have political standing and are socially engaged."<ref>{{cite news |last=Dershowitz |first=Alan M. |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=33151 |title=Italian FM: Hezbollah, Hamas are not al-Qaida |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=29 August 2006 |access-date=21 May 2011}}</ref> Germany does not maintain its own list of terrorist organizations, having chosen to adopt the common EU list. However, German officials have indicated they would likely support designating Hezbollah a terrorist organization.<ref>[https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33808.pdf Germany's Relations with Israel: Background and Implications for German Middle East Policy] [[Congressional Research Service]] (19 January 2007)</ref> The Netherlands regards Hezbollah as terrorist discussing it as such in official reports of their general intelligence and security service<ref name=nlfas>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/world/netherlands/aivd2004-eng.pdf|title=Annual Report 2004|publisher=Netherlands General intelligence and security service}}</ref> and in official answers by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107072052/http://www.minbuza.nl/nl/actueel/brievenparlement%2C2008/10/Beantwoording-vragen---r-z-over-Hezbollah-en-de-EU.html |url=http://www.minbuza.nl/nl/actueel/brievenparlement,2008/10/Beantwoording-vragen---r-z-over-Hezbollah-en-de-EU.html |title=Answers to questions on Hezbollah and the EU (in Dutch) |date=14 October 2008 |archive-date=7 January 2009 |publisher=Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs }}</ref> On 22 July 2013, the [[European Union]] declared the military wings of Hezbollah as a terrorist organization; effectively blacklisting the entity.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html|work=The New York Times |first1=James |last1=Kanter |first2=Jodi |last2=Rudoren |title=European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organizations |date=22 July 2013}}</ref> The [[United States]],<ref name="Designation-of-Foreign-Terrorist-Organizations" /> the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]],<ref name="GCC" /> [[Canada]],<ref name=h/> [[United Kingdom]],<ref name=UKban/> the [[Netherlands]],<ref name="Fairclough-Gordon-2012"/> [[Israel]],<ref name="Hezbollah – International terrorist organization"/> and [[Australia]]<ref name=guardaust>{{cite news|title=Australia lists neo-Nazi group The Base and Hezbollah as terrorist organisations|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/nov/24/australia-lists-neo-nazi-group-the-base-and-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organisations|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref> have classified Hezbollah as a [[List of designated terrorist groups|terrorist organization]]. In early 2015, the US [[Director of National Intelligence]] removed Hezbollah from the list of "active terrorist threats" against the United States while Hezbollah remained designated as terrorist by the US,<ref>"[http://www.timesofisrael.com/us-report-scraps-iran-hezbollah-from-list-of-terror-threats/ US intel report scrapped Iran from list of terror threats]", ''[[The Times of Israel]]'', 16 March 2015.</ref> and by mid 2015 several Hezbollah officials were sanctioned by the US for their role in facilitating military activity in the ongoing Syrian Civil War.<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. imposes sanctions on Hezbollah officials for Syria support|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sanctions-hezbollah-idUSKCN0PV25J20150721|work=Reuters| access-date=15 October 2015|archive-date=15 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015233343/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/21/us-sanctions-hezbollah-idUSKCN0PV25J20150721|url-status=live}}</ref> The European Union, [[France]]<ref name="Algemeiner-Journal-2013"/> and [[New Zealand]] have proscribed Hezbollah's military wing, but do not list Hezbollah as a whole as a terrorist organization.<ref name="NZ-r1373-terrorlist"/><ref name="Rudoren-Jodi-2013a" /> Serbia, which recently designated Iran-backed Hezbollah entirely as a terrorist organization, fully implement measures to restrict Hezbollah's operations and financial activities.<ref name="english.alarabiya.net"/> ==== In the Arab and Muslim world ==== [[File:Anti-Islam Film protests (8009242499).jpg|thumb|Protesters in [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia, with a Hezbollah flag in September 2012]] In 2006, Hezbollah was regarded as a legitimate resistance movement throughout most of the Arab and Muslim world.<ref name="HG20Ak02" /> Furthermore, most of the Sunni Arab world sees Hezbollah as an agent of Iranian influence, and therefore, would like to see their power in Lebanon diminished.<ref>Javedanfar, Meir. [https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/01/an-israeli-opportunity-in-a-lebanese-crisis/70498/ "An Israeli Opportunity in a Lebanese Crisis"] ''The Atlantic''. 31 January 2011. 10 August 2011.</ref> [[Egypt]], Jordan, and [[Saudi Arabia]] have condemned Hezbollah's actions, saying that "the Arabs and Muslims can't afford to allow an irresponsible and adventurous organization like Hezbollah to drag the region to war" and calling it "dangerous adventurism".<ref name="The Jerusalem Post">{{cite news|title=Arab world fed up with Hizbullah|date=17 July 2006|author=Khaled Abu Toameh|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref> After an alleged [[2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt]], the Egyptian regime of [[Hosni Mubarak]] officially classified Hezbollah as a terrorist group.<ref name="la">"[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2009/04/egypt-hizbollah-dismissed-as-terrorist.html Egypt: Cairo calls Hezbollah terrorist organization]", LA Times (13 April 2009). Retrieved 5 May 2013.</ref> Following the 2012 Presidential elections the new government recognized Hezbollah as a "real political and military force" in Lebanon. The Egyptian ambassador to Lebanon, Ashraf Hamdy, stated that, "Resistance in the sense of defending Lebanese territory ... That's their primary role. We ... think that as a resistance movement they have done a good job to keep on defending Lebanese territory and trying to regain land occupied by Israel is legal and legitimate."<ref name=RK2012>{{cite news|last=Kais|first=Roi|title=Envoy: Egypt to tighten relations with Hezbollah|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4326430,00.html|access-date=25 April 2013|newspaper=Ynetnews|date=30 December 2012}}</ref><ref name=LW2012>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Lauren|title=New Egypt warms up to Hezbollah: ambassador|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Dec-29/200288-new-egypt-warms-up-to-hezbollah-ambassador.ashx|access-date=25 April 2013|newspaper=The Daily Star|location=Lebanon|date=29 December 2012}}</ref> During the [[Bahraini uprising (2011–present)|Bahraini uprising]], Bahrain [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bahrain)|foreign minister]] [[Khalid ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah]] labeled Hezbollah a terrorist group and accused them of supporting the protesters.<ref name="bahrain">{{cite news|last=Spangler|first=Timothy|url=http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=213829 |title=Bahrain complains over Hezbollah comments on protests|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=25 March 2011|access-date=22 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/143281|title=Bahrain: Hizbullah a Terrorist Group|last=Kahn|first=Gabe|date=31 March 2011|publisher=Arutz Sheva|access-date=1 April 2011}}</ref> On 10 April 2013, Bahrain blacklisted Hezbollah as a terrorist group, being the first Arab state in this regard.<ref name=jpost10apr13>{{cite news|title=Bahrain first Arab state to blacklist Hezbollah|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Bahrain-first-Arab-state-to-blacklist-Hezbollah-309309|access-date=10 April 2013|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=10 April 2013}}</ref> While Hezbollah has supported popular uprisings in [[2011 Egyptian revolution|Egypt]], [[2011 Yemeni uprising|Yemen]], Bahrain and [[Tunisian revolution|Tunisia]], Hezbollah publicly sided with Iran and Syria during the [[2011 Syrian uprising]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Spangler|first=Timothy |url=http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=233279 |title=Syria uprising stirs old divisions in neighboring Lebanon |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=22 November 2011}}</ref> This position has prompted criticism from anti-government Syrians. As Hezbollah supported other movements in the context of the [[Arab Spring]], anti-government Syrians have stated that they feel "betrayed" by a double standard allegedly applied by the movement. Following Hezbollah's aid in Assad government's [[Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)|victory in Qusayr]], anti-Hezbollah editorials began regularly appearing in the Arabic media and anti-Hezbollah graffiti has been seen in southern Lebanon.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kais, Roi|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4389767,00.html|title=Hezbollah is a 'cancer,' say Arab media|newspaper=Ynetnews|date=8 June 2013|access-date=9 June 2013}}</ref> In March 2016, [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] designated Hezbollah as a terrorist organization due to its alleged attempts to undermine GCC states, and [[Arab League]] followed the move, with reservation by [[Iraq]] and [[Lebanon]]. In the summit, Lebanese Foreign Minister [[Gebran Bassil]] said that "Hezbollah enjoys wide representation and is an integral faction of the Lebanese community", while Iraqi Foreign Minister [[Ibrahim al-Jaafari]] said [[al-Hashd al-Shaabi|PMF]] and Hezbollah "have preserved Arab dignity" and those who accuse them of being terrorists are terrorists themselves. Saudi delegation walked out of the meeting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.annahar.com/article/332519-arab-league-declares-hezbollah-terrorist-organization|title=Arab League declares Hezbollah 'terrorist organization' |author= George Fakhry|date=11 March 2016|website=An-Nahar|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402110253/https://en.annahar.com/article/332519-arab-league-declares-hezbollah-terrorist-organization}}</ref> Israel's Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] called the step, {{"'}}important' and 'even amazing{{'"}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://maki.org.il/en/?p=7272|title=Reactionary Persian Gulf Arab States Praised by Netanyahu|publisher=Communist Party of Israel|access-date=14 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315032216/http://maki.org.il/en/?p=7272|archive-date=15 March 2016}}</ref> A day before the move by the Arab League, Hezbollah leader Nasrallah said that, "Saudi Arabia is angry with Hezbollah since it is daring to say what only a few others dare to say against [[House of Saud|its royal family]]."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/03/arab-league-labels-hezbollah-terrorist-group-160311173735737.html|title=Arab League labels Hezbollah a 'terrorist' group|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> In 2020, a German security contractor accused [[Qatar]] of financing Hezbollah.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/qatar-finances-hezbollah-terrorism-declares-jews-are-enemies-report-635509|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|title=Qatar finances Hezbollah terrorism, declares 'Jews are enemies' – report | date=18 July 2020 }}</ref> In September 2021, U.S' Secretary of State, [[Antony Blinken]] commended the combined efforts taken by the [[United States]] and the [[Government of Qatar]] against Hezbollah financial network which involved the abuse of international financial system by using global networks of financiers and front companies to spread [[terrorism]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The United States and Qatar Take Actions Against Hizballah Financial Network|url=https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-and-qatar-take-actions-against-hizballah-financial-network/|access-date=2021-10-07|website=United States Department of State}}</ref> In July 2022, Qatar participated in a 30-nation meeting led by the United States to counter Hezbollah, according to [[Axios (website)|Axios]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ravid |first=Barak |date=13 July 2022 |title=30 countries took part in U.S.-led meeting on countering Hezbollah |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |url=https://www.axios.com/2022/07/13/30-countries-meet-counter-hezbollah-influence}}</ref> In June 2024, the Arab League Assistant Secretary-General Hossam Zaki has announced that the Arab League no longer considers Hezbollah a terrorist organization.<ref name=MEM-2024 /> ==== In Lebanon ==== [[File:Graves of killed Hezbollah members.jpg|thumb|Graves of killed Hezbollah members at a mausoleum in Beirut]] In an interview during the 2006 Lebanon War, then-President [[Emile Lahoud]] stated, "Hezbollah enjoys utmost prestige in Lebanon, because it freed our country ... even though it is very small, it stands up to Israel."<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel-interview-with-lebanese-president-emile-lahoud-hezbollah-freed-our-country-a-428391.html Spiegel Interview with Lebanese President Emile Lahoud: 'Hezbollah Freed Our Country']. ''[[Der Spiegel]]''. 25 July 2006.</ref> Following the 2006 War, other Lebanese including members of the government were resentful of the large damage sustained by the country and saw Hezbollah's actions as unjustified "dangerous adventurism" rather than legitimate resistance. They accused Hezbollah of acting on behalf of Iran and Syria.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Itani |first=Faysal |title=Hizbullah and Lebanese Nationalism |journal=[[Bologna Center Journal of International Affairs]] |year=2007 |volume=10 |url=http://bcjournal.org/volume-10/hizbullah-and-lebanese-nationalism.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501174420/http://bcjournal.org/volume-10/hizbullah-and-lebanese-nationalism.html |archive-date=1 May 2013 }}</ref> An official of the [[Future Movement]], part of the [[March 14 Alliance]], warned that Hezbollah "has all the characteristics of a terrorist party", and that Hezbollah is moving Lebanon toward the Iranian Islamic system of government.<ref>[http://www.yalibnan.com/2011/05/23/allouch-hezbollah-qualifies-as-a-terrorist-group/ Allouch: Hezbollah qualifies as a terrorist group]. YaLibnan. 23 May 2011</ref> In August 2008, Lebanon's cabinet completed a policy statement which recognized "the right of Lebanon's people, army, and resistance to liberate the Israeli-occupied Shebaa Farms, Kafar Shuba Hills, and the Lebanese section of Ghajar village, and defend the country using all legal and possible means".<ref name="Nafez Qawas">{{Cite news |author=Nafez Qawas |date=6 August 2008 |title=Berri summons Parliament to vote on policy statement |newspaper=[[Daily Star (Lebanon)|The Daily Star]] |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=94824 |access-date=6 August 2008}}</ref> [[Gebran Tueni]], a late conservative Orthodox Christian editor of [[an-Nahar]], referred to Hezbollah as an "Iranian import" and said "they have nothing to do with Arab civilization". Tuení believed that Hezbollah's evolution is cosmetic, concealing a sinister long-term strategy to Islamicize Lebanon and lead it into a ruinous war with Israel.<ref name="nybooks"/> By 2017, a poll showed that 62% of Lebanese Christians believed that Hezbollah was doing a "better job than anyone else in defending Lebanese interests in the region, and they trust it more than other social institutions".<ref>[https://angelusnews.com/voices/john-allen-jr/meeting-middle-east-christians-is-where-western-stereotypes-go-to-die "Meeting Middle East Christians is where Western stereotypes go to die"], John L. Allen Jr., 19 October 2017, angelusnews.com</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2018}} ==== Scholarly views ==== Academics specializing in a wide variety of the social sciences believe that Hezbollah is an example of an Islamic terrorist organization. Such scholars and research institutes include the following: * [[Walid Phares]], Lebanese-born terrorism scholar and member of the Lebanese [[Kataeb Party]].<ref>[[Walid Phares|Phares, Walid]]. ''Future Jihad: Terrorist Strategies against America''. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005. p. 148.</ref> * [[Mark LeVine]], American historian<ref>{{cite web|author=LeVine, Mark|url=http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/2006/07/Hamas-And-Hezbollah-The-Religion-Fallacy.aspx|title=Israel, Lebanon, Hezbollah, Hamas, fighting, terrorism, peace, by Mark LeVine|work=Beliefnet.com|access-date=18 January 2011|author-link=Mark LeVine}}</ref> * [[Avraham Sela]], Israeli historian<ref>"Hizballah employed anti-Israel terrorism to pursue its goal of turning Lebanon into a state and society ruled solely by the Shari'a." Sela, Avraham. "Terrorism." ''The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East''. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 822–836.</ref> * [[Robert S. Wistrich]], Israeli historian<ref>"The Shiite Hezbollah has indeed become a trusted mentor and role model to the Sunni fundamentalist Hamas. Both organizations have inscribed on their banner the rejection of any treaties or peace agreements with Israel, energetically work for its demise and encourage suicide terrorism to that end." Wistrich, 731.</ref> * Eyal Zisser, Israeli historian<ref>Zisser, Eyal. [http://www.meforum.org/533/the-threat-posed-by-hezbollah "The Threat Posed by Hezbollah."] ''Middle East Forum''. 26 November 2002. 18 January 2011.</ref> * Siamak Khatami, Iranian scholar<ref>{{cite book |last1=Khatami |first1=Siamak |title=Iran, a View from Within: Political Analyses |date=2004 |publisher=Janus Publishing Company Lim |isbn=9781857565232 |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBMLbyEVZHkC&pg=PA61 |access-date=14 May 2025}}</ref> * [[Rohan Gunaratna]], Singaporean scholar<ref name="Gunaratna">{{cite book |last1=Gunaratna |first1=Rohan |title=Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror |date=2002 |publisher=Berkeley Books |isbn=9780425191149 |page=146 |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=SUYDmSGGLmYC |access-date=14 May 2025}}</ref> * Neeru Gaba, Australian scholar<ref>Gaba, Neeru. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oipJQwAACAAJ ''Hezbollah: in transition'']. La Trobe University. 2007. 21 January 2011.</ref> * Tore Bjørgo, Norwegian scholar<ref>Bjørgo, Tore. [https://books.google.com/books?id=duqEre13tlAC&pg=PA186 ''Root Causes of Terrorism'']. Psychology Press. 21 January 2011.</ref> * Magnus Norell, of the [[European Foundation for Democracy]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/eu-designate-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organisation-now|title=EU: Designate Hezbollah a Terrorist Organisation Now|website=washingtoninstitute.org}}</ref> * [[Anthony Cordesman]], of the [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/050329_terrandextmvmts%5B1%5D.pdf|title=Terrorist and Extremist Movements in the Middle East|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818211656/https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/050329_terrandextmvmts%5B1%5D.pdf|archive-date=18 August 2016}}</ref> * [[Center for American Progress]]<ref>[https://www.americanprogress.org/events/2010/09/30/17001/hezbollahs-impact-on-security-and-political-dynamics-in-the-middle-east/ Hezbollah's Impact on Security and Political Dynamics in the Middle East], 30 September 2010</ref> * [[United States Institute of Peace]]<ref>[http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr111.pdf Special Report 111: Global Terrorism after the Iraq War], October 2003</ref> === Views of foreign legislators === [[J. Gresham Barrett]] brought up legislation in the U.S. House of Representatives which, among other things, referred to Hezbollah as a terrorist organization. Congress members [[Tom Lantos]], [[Jim Saxton]], [[Thad McCotter]], [[Chris Shays]], [[Charles Boustany]], [[Alcee Hastings]], and [[Robert Wexler]] referred to Hezbollah as a terrorist organization in their speeches supporting the legislation.<ref>Congress. [https://books.google.com/books?id=eaCIX6d3Y5YC&pg=PA4533 ''Congressional Record'', V. 151, Pt. 4 ...."] Government Printing Office. 11 March to 6 April 2005. 23 January 2011.</ref> Shortly before a speech by Iraqi Prime Minister [[Nouri al-Maliki]], U.S. Congressman [[Dennis Hastert]] said, "He [Maliki] denounces terrorism, and I have to take him at his word. Hezbollah is a terrorist organization."<ref>{{cite news|author=Weisman, Jonathan|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/26/AR2006072600230.html|title=Iraqi Prime Minister Presses for More Aid|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=27 July 2006|access-date=4 September 2013}}</ref> In 2011, a bipartisan group of members of Congress introduced the Hezbollah Anti-Terrorism Act. The act ensures that no American aid to Lebanon will enter the hands of Hezbollah. On the day of the act's introduction, Congressman [[Darrell Issa]] said, "Hezbollah is a terrorist group and a cancer on Lebanon. The Hezbollah Anti-Terrorism Act surgically targets this cancer and will strengthen the position of Lebanese who oppose Hezbollah."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/ca28_berman/HATA_Joint_Release.shtml |title=Reps. Berman, Issa, Boustany, Rahall Introduce Bipartisan Legislation to Make Certain No Taxpayer Funds Benefit Hezbollah|publisher=The United States House of Representatives|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620015347/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/ca28_berman/HATA_Joint_Release.shtml|archive-date=20 June 2011}}</ref> In a Sky News interview during the 2006 Lebanon war, British MP [[George Galloway]] said that Hezbollah is "not a terrorist organization".<ref>{{cite video|people=George Galloway, Anna Botting|title=Getting a word in|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbyF1Mp-fHk| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211116/hbyF1Mp-fHk| archive-date=2021-11-16 | url-status=live|format=TV|medium=News|publisher=Sky News|access-date=22 January 2011|time=3:59–4:04|quote=But they're not a terrorist organization.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Former Swiss member of parliament, [[Jean Ziegler]], said in 2006: "I refuse to describe Hezbollah as a terrorist group. It is a national movement of resistance."<ref>{{cite news|title=Switzerland nominates Hezbollah advocate for UN Human Rights Council |last=Weinthal |first=Benjamin |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=14 August 2013|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Switzerland-nominates-Hezbollah-advocate-for-UN-Human-Rights-Council-322971|access-date=14 August 2013}}</ref>
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