Editing Carl Jung (section)

==In popular culture==
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===Literature===
====Books in which Jung is a character in the narrative====
* [[Laurens van der Post]] was an [[Afrikaner]] author who claimed to have had a 16-year friendship with Jung, from which a number of books and a film were created about Jung.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ratical.org/many_worlds/LvdP/|title=Laurens van der Post|access-date=2 December 2007}}</ref> The accuracy of van der Post's claims about his relationship to Jung has been questioned.<ref name=jones2001>{{cite book|last=Jones|first=J.D.F.|title=Storyteller: The Many Lives of Laurens van der Post|year=2001|publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn=978-0-7867-1031-7}}</ref>
* In his novel ''The World is Made of Glass'' (1983), [[Morris West]] gives a fictional account of one of Jung's cases, placing the events in 1913.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/morris-west-5/the-world-is-made-of-glass/|title=Book Reviews, Sites, Romance, Fantasy, Fiction|website=Kirkus Reviews}}</ref> According to the author's note, the novel is "based upon a case recorded, very briefly, by Carl Gustav Jung in his autobiographical work ''Memories, Dreams, Reflections''".
* ''[[Pilgrim (Timothy Findley novel)|Pilgrim]]'', a supernatural novel in which Jung is a character.
* ''[[Possessing the Secret of Joy]]'', a novel in which Jung is a therapist character.
* ''[[The Interpretation of Murder]]'', a novel focused on Sigmund Freud in which he solves a murder in New York City.

====Fiction which references Jung's theories====
* [[Hermann Hesse]], author of works such as ''[[Siddhartha (novel)|Siddhartha]]'' and ''[[Steppenwolf (novel)|Steppenwolf]]'', was treated by Joseph Lang, a student of Jung. For Hesse this began a long preoccupation with [[psychoanalysis]], through which he came to know Jung personally.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hhesse.htm |title=Hermann Hesse |website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library |location=Finland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204213850/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hhesse.htm |archive-date=4 December 2007 }}</ref>
* The Canadian novelist [[Robertson Davies]] made Jungian analysis a central part of his 1970 novel ''The Manticore''. He stated in a letter, "There have been other books which describe Freudian analyses, but I know of no other that describes a Jungian analysis" adding "I was deeply afraid that I would put my foot in it, for I have never undergone one of those barnacle-scraping experiences, and knew of it only through reading. So, I was greatly pleased when some of my Jungian friends in Zurich liked it very much."<ref>''For Your Eye Alone: The Letters of Robertson Davies'' edited by Judith Skelton Grant (New York: Viking, 2001) p. 72.</ref>
* The psychological novel [[E.E. (novel)|''E.E.'']] written by [[Olga Tokarczuk]] draws from Jung's doctoral dissertation ''On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called Occult Phenomena''.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Kantner |first=Katarzyna |date=2015 |title=Podmiotowość "mediumiczna". "E.E." Olgi Tokarczuk jako powieść psychologiczna |journal=Ruch Literacki |publisher=PAN, Uniwersytet Jagielloński |volume=XVI |issue=1 |page=48 |issn=0035-9602}}</ref> Jung is not a character in this story, but Jung's views on the occult are extensively cited.

===Art===
[[File:CarlJungStatueLiverpool.jpg|thumb|Original statue of Jung in [[Mathew Street]], Liverpool, a half-body on a plinth captioned "Liverpool is the pool of life"]]
* The [[visionary art|visionary]] Swiss painter [[Peter Birkhäuser]] was treated by a student of Jung, [[Marie-Louise von Franz]], and corresponded with Jung about the translation of dream symbolism into works of art.<ref>{{cite book|last=Birkhäuser|first=Peter|author2=Marie-Louise von Franz, Eva Wertanschlag and Kaspar Birkhäuser|title=Light from the Darkness: The Paintings of Peter Birkhäuser|year=1980–1991|publisher=Birkhäuser Verlag|location=Boston, MA|isbn=978-3-7643-1190-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/literaturundpsyc0000reha}}</ref>
* American [[Abstract expressionism|abstract expressionist]] [[Jackson Pollock]] underwent Jungian psychotherapy in 1939 with Joseph Henderson. Henderson engaged Pollock through his art, having him make drawings, which led to the appearance of many Jungian concepts in his paintings.<ref>[http://serdar-hizli-art.com/abstract_art/jackson_pollock_psychoanalytic_drawings.htm ''Abstract Expressionism, Jackson Pollock's "Psychoanalytic Drawings" Paintings"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615044835/http://serdar-hizli-art.com/abstract_art/jackson_pollock_psychoanalytic_drawings.htm |date=15 June 2010 }}. Retrieved 24 July 2010</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Stockstad|first=Marilyn|title= Art History|year= 2005|publisher=Pearson Education, Inc.|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey|isbn=978-0-13-145527-6}}</ref>
* Contrary to some sources,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2003/jun/05/artsfeatures.europeancapitalofculture2008|title=History broke Liverpool, and it broke my heart|work= The Guardian|access-date=24 February 2010| location=London| first=Linda| last=Grant| date=5 June 2003}}</ref> Jung did not visit [[Liverpool]] but recorded a dream in which he did, and of which he wrote, "Liverpool is the pool of life, it makes to live." A plaster statue of Jung was erected in [[Mathew Street]] in 1987 that was vandalised and replaced by a more durable version in 1993.<ref name=Liverpool>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05hJrW5yuakC&pg=PA111|title=Public sculpture of Liverpool|publisher=Liverpool University Press|access-date=23 May 2012| first1=Terry| last1=Cavanagh| isbn=978-0-85323-711-2|year=1997}}</ref>

===Music===
* Musician [[David Bowie]] described himself as Jungian in his relationship to dreams and the unconscious.<ref name=":1" /> Bowie sang of Jung on his album ''[[Aladdin Sane]]'' (a pun on "a lad insane") and attended the exhibition of ''The Red Book'' in New York with artist [[Tony Oursler]], who described Bowie as "reading and speaking of the psychoanalyst with passion".<ref name=":1" />  Bowie's 1967 song "[[Shadow Man (song)|Shadow Man]]" encapsulates a key Jungian concept, while in 1987 Bowie described the Glass Spiders of ''[[Never Let Me Down]]'' as Jungian mother figures around which he not only anchored [[Glass Spider Tour|a worldwide tour]] but also created an enormous onstage effigy.<ref name=":1">{{cite web| url = https://tanjastark.com/2015/06/22/crashing-out-with-sylvian-david-bowie-carl-jung-and-the-unconscious/| title = Stark, Tanja, (2015) "Crashing Out with Sylvian: David Bowie, Carl Jung and the Unconscious" in Deveroux, E., M.Power and A. Dillane (eds.) David Bowie: Critical Perspectives: Routledge Press Contemporary Music Series. (chapter 5)| date = 22 June 2015}}</ref>
*British rock band [[the Police]] released an album titled ''[[Synchronicity (The Police album)|Synchronicity]]'' in 1983. 
*The American rock band [[Tool (band)|Tool]] was influenced by Jungian concepts in its album ''[[Ænima]]'', the title a play on the concepts of [[anima and animus]]. In the song "[[Forty Six & 2]]", the singer seeks to become a more evolved self by exploring and overcoming his [[Shadow (psychology)|Shadow]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://toolshed.down.net/faq/faq.html|title=The Tool FAQ|website=toolshed.down.net|access-date=13 December 2019}}</ref>
* Argentinian musician [[Luis Alberto Spinetta]] was influenced by Jung's texts in his 1975 conceptual album ''Durazno sangrando'', specifically the songs "Encadenado al ánima" and "En una lejana playa del ánimus", which deal with anima and animus.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.revistaarcadia.com/musica/articulo/luis-alberto-spinetta-luego-de-su-muerte/61636/| title = Gualdrón, Andrés, (January 23, 2017). "Spinetta y las criaturas imposibles"| publisher = Revista Arcadia| date = 8 February 2022| access-date = 8 November 2018| archive-date = 24 February 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180224120506/http://www.revistaarcadia.com/musica/articulo/luis-alberto-spinetta-luego-de-su-muerte/61636| url-status = dead}}</ref>
* Jung appeared on the front cover of [[The Beatles]]' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]''.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0530n0b | title=BBC Music – Sgt. Pepper – Meet the Band: Carl Gustav Jung}}</ref>
* Jung is referenced in [[The Streets]] song the "Irony of it All" from the album [[Original Pirate Material|''Original Pirate Material'']].<ref>{{Citation |title=The Streets – The Irony of It All |url=https://genius.com/The-streets-the-irony-of-it-all-lyrics |access-date=2025-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=2022-03-25 |title=The ‘raw, exposed’ power of The Streets’ Original Pirate Material |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/55773/1/the-streets-original-pirate-material-album-20-years-on-mike-skinner |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Dazed |language=en}}</ref>
* The South Korean band [[BTS]]'s 2019 album ''[[Map of the Soul: Persona]]'' is based on Jung's ''Map of the Soul'', which gives the basic principles of Jung's analytical psychology.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bell |first1=Crystal |title=A Map of the Soul: Persona Syllabus To Help Wrap Your Brain Around BTS' New Album |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3120049/bts-map-of-the-soul-persona-guide-theories/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411205901/http://www.mtv.com/news/3120049/bts-map-of-the-soul-persona-guide-theories/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2019 |access-date=13 April 2019 |publisher=MTV |date=11 April 2019}}</ref> It includes an intro song titled "[[Intro: Persona|Persona]]" rapped by group leader [[RM (rapper)|RM]], who asks, "[[Personal identity|who am I?]]", and is confronted with various versions of himself with the words "[[persona]]", "[[Shadow (psychology)|shadow]]", and "[[Self-concept|ego]]", referring to Jung's theories.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kim |first1=Namjoon |title=BTS (방탄소년단) Map of the Soul: 'Persona' Comeback Trailer |date=27 March 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9Uy0opVF3s | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/M9Uy0opVF3s| archive-date=28 October 2021|via=YouTube |publisher=Big Hit Entertainment}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 21 February 2020, the band released ''[[Map of the Soul: 7]]'', which specifically focuses on Jung's "shadow" and "ego" theories. As part of the first phase of the band's comeback, "Interlude: Shadow", rapped by [[Suga (rapper)|Suga]] and released on 10 January,<ref>{{Citation|title=BTS (방탄소년단) MAP OF THE SOUL: 7 'Interlude: Shadow' Comeback Trailer| date=9 January 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PV1gCvzpSy0| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/PV1gCvzpSy0| archive-date=28 October 2021|language=en|access-date=11 January 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> addresses the shadows and the darkness that go hand-in-hand with the light and attention shone on celebrities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/01/9172985/bts-suga-map-of-the-soul-7-shadow-comeback-trailer|title=Breaking Down BTS Rapper Suga's Message In Powerful Interlude: Shadow Album Trailer|website=Refinery29|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> The next comeback trailer, "Outro: Ego", performed by [[J-Hope]],<ref>{{Citation|title=BTS (방탄소년단) MAP OF THE SOUL: 7 'Outro: Ego' Comeback Trailer| date=2 February 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmApDbvNCXg| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/LmApDbvNCXg| archive-date=28 October 2021|language=en|access-date=2 February 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ends with his declaration of self and ego as he appears within a colourful city "in which the artist's current image is projected".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/bts/8549929/bts-j-hope-map-of-the-soul-7-comeback-trailer-outro-ego|title=BTS' J-Hope Fronts 'Map of the Soul: 7' Comeback Trailer 'Outro: Ego'|magazine=Billboard|access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref>
* In 2019, Italian rapper [[Marracash]] released the album ''[[Persona (Marracash album)|Persona]]'', which features many Jungian themes.
* Jung appeared on the cover art of the 2008 single "[[Metanoia (song)|Metanoia]]" by American psychedelic rock band [[MGMT]].

===Theatre, film, television and radio===
====Films in which Jung is a character in the narrative====
* 2002 saw the release of an Italian film about Jung and Spielrein ''[[The Soul Keeper]]'' (''Prendimi l'Anima'') directed by [[Roberto Faenza]]. It used English dialogue and English actors, but was never formally released in the United States. [[Emilia Fox]] played Sabina Spielrein and [[Iain Glen]] was Carl Gustav Jung.
* ''[[A Dangerous Method]]'', a 2011 film directed by [[David Cronenberg]], is a fictional dramatisation of the lives of Freud, Jung, and [[Sabina Spielrein]] between 1904 and 1913. Spielrein is the Russian woman who became Jung's lover and student and, later, an analyst herself.<ref name="Cronenberg 2012 p.">{{cite book | last=Cronenberg | first=David | title=A dangerous method | publisher=Sony Pictures Home Entertainment | location=Culver City, Calif | year=2012 | oclc=776921046 | language=fr }}</ref> [[Michael Fassbender]] plays Carl Jung. The film is based on the stage play ''The Talking Cure'' by [[Christopher Hampton]] which was in turn based on the 1993 non-fiction book by [[John Kerr (author)|John Kerr]], ''A Most Dangerous Method: The Story of Jung, Freud, and Sabina Spielrein''.
* In the online animated series, ''[[Super Science Friends]]'', Jung, voiced by Tom Park, is featured as one of the recurrent antagonists against Sigmund Freud.<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Science Friends – Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5202616/fullcredits/ |website=IMDb}}</ref>
* ''[[Soul (2020 film)|Soul]]'', a 2020 [[Pixar]] film written by [[Pete Docter]], [[Mike Jones (screenwriter)|Mike Jones]] and [[Kemp Powers]], includes brief appearances of Jung as an ethereal cartoon character, "Soul Carl Jung".<ref>{{cite web|title='Soul' review: Pixar's excellent jazz movie goes deeper than ever|date=8 December 2020|last=Oleksinski|first=Johnny|work=NYPost|url=https://nypost.com/2020/12/08/soul-review-pixars-jazz-movie-goes-deeper-than-ever/}}</ref>
* Jeff Lillico portrays Jung in episode 13 of season 15 "[[List of Murdoch Mysteries episodes#Season 15 (2021–2022)|Murdoch on the Couch]]" (January 10, 2022) of the [[CBC Television|Canadian television]] period [[Detective fiction|detective series]] [[Murdoch Mysteries]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeff Lillico |url=https://ggagency.ca/lillico/ |website=Gary Goddard Agency |date=2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}}</ref>

====Documentaries====
* The [[BBC]] interviewed Jung for ''[[Face to Face (British TV series)|Face to Face]]'' with [[John Freeman (British politician)|John Freeman]] at Jung's home in Zurich in 1959.<ref name=bbc/>
* Stephen Segaller produced a documentary on Jung as part of his "World of Dreams", ''Wisdom of the Dream'' in 1985. It was re-issued in 2018.<ref>Wisdom of the Dream (Carl Jung) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ci9nfJbvBjY</ref> It was followed by a book of the same title.<ref>{{cite book |author=Segaller, Stephen |author2=Berger, Merrill |title=Wisdom of the Dream |date=1990 |publisher=Shambhala Publications |isbn=978-0-87773-587-8}}</ref>
* ''Matter of Heart'' (1986) is a documentary about Jung featuring interviews with those who knew him and archival footage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Matter of Heart – Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0084313/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cl_sm/ |website=IMDb}}</ref>
*On 2 December 2004, [[BBC Radio 4]]'s [[In Our Time (radio series)|''In Our Time'']] broadcast a program on "the mind and theories" of Jung.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Radio 4 – In Our Time, Jung|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p004y2bf|access-date=22 June 2021|website=BBC|language=en-GB}}</ref>

====Film, stage, and television influenced by Jung's ideas====
* [[Federico Fellini]] brought to the screen exuberant imagery shaped by his encounter with Jung's ideas, especially Jungian [[dream interpretation]]. Fellini preferred Jung to Freud because Jungian analysis defined the dream not as a symptom of a disease that required a cure but rather as a link to archetypal images shared by all of humanity.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bondanella|first=Peter E.|title=The Films of Federico Fellini|url=https://archive.org/details/filmsfedericofel00bond|url-access=limited|page=[https://archive.org/details/filmsfedericofel00bond/page/n109 94]|isbn=978-0-521-57573-7|date=17 January 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>
* [[Stanley Kubrick]]'s 1987 film ''[[Full Metal Jacket]]'' has an underlying theme about the duality of man. In one scene, a colonel asks a soldier, "You write 'Born to Kill' on your helmet and you wear a peace button. What's that supposed to be, some kind of sick joke?" The soldier replies, "I think I was trying to suggest something about the duality of man, sir...the Jungian thing, sir."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0065.html|title=The Kubrick Site: The Full Metal Jacket Screenplay|website=www.visual-memory.co.uk}}</ref>
* In the 1994 ''Frasier'' episode, "Frasier Crane's Day Off", Niles fills in for his brother, declaring: "Although I feel perfectly qualified to fill Frasier's radio shoes, I should warn you that while Frasier is a Freudian, I am a Jungian. So there'll be no blaming Mother today."  
* [[Robert Eggers]]'s 2019 psychological thriller ''[[The Lighthouse (2019 film)|The Lighthouse]]'' has elements strongly influenced by Jung's work, with Eggers hoping that "it's a movie where both Jung and Freud would be furiously eating their popcorn".<ref>{{cite web|title='He Sort Of Wants A Daddy': Decoding The Homoeroticism In 'The Lighthouse'|date=20 October 2019|last=Jacobs|first=Matthew|work=HuffPost|url=https://m.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/the-lighthouse-homoeroticism-robert-pattinson-willem-dafoe_n_5da9c888e4b0e71d65b801ae}}</ref>

===Video games===
* The ''[[Persona (series)|Persona]]'' series of games is heavily based on Jung's theories, representing the [[Shadow (psychology)|shadow]], the [[persona (psychology)|persona]], and [[Jungian archetypes|archetype]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Megami Ibunroku Persona Digital Collection: Persona World |publisher=[[ASCII Media Works]]|isbn=978-4-7572-0014-2|pages=6–11|date=1998|language=ja}} [http://www.dualshockers.com/2015/02/22/persona-1-roundtable-interview-translated-into-english-for-first-time-featuring-creator-scenario-writer-and-art-director/ Translated scans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606000640/http://www.dualshockers.com/2015/02/22/persona-1-roundtable-interview-translated-into-english-for-first-time-featuring-creator-scenario-writer-and-art-director/ |date=6 June 2015 }}</ref>
* The ''[[Nights into Dreams]]'' series of games is heavily based on Jung's theories.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Valentine|first1=Digi|title=A Yuji Naka Interview|url=http://www.nightsintodreams.com/?p=1343|website=Nights into Dreams|publisher=Sonic Retro|access-date=29 November 2015|date=13 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324211137/http://www.nightsintodreams.com/?p=1343|archive-date=24 March 2016}}</ref> 
* Jungian concepts are present in the ''[[Xeno (series)|Xeno]]'' series, including ''[[Xenogears]]''; its reimagination as the ''[[Xenosaga]]'' trilogy; and a graphic novel, ''[[Perfect Works]]'', published by the game's creator.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}
*The game ''[[Control (video game)|Control]]'' is heavily influenced by Carl Jung's ideas, particularly [[synchronicity]] and [[Shadow (psychology)|shadow selves]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 September 2019|title=Other Dimensions in Control|url=https://philosophyandvideogamesblog.wordpress.com/2019/09/29/other-dimensions-in-control/|access-date=26 July 2021|website=Philosophy and Video Games|language=en}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=April 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 August 2019|title=Control game review: Remedy's finest creation since Max Payne|url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/review/control/|access-date=26 July 2021|website=VGC|language=en-GB}}</ref>
*''[[Alan Wake]]'' takes inspiration from Carl Jung's ideas of [[archetype]] and [[individuation]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garcia |first=Andry |title=Archetype and Individuation Process in Alan Wake (2010) Video Game |url=https://www.academia.edu/105031081 |journal=Journal of Games, Game Art, and Gamification}}</ref>