Editing Black people (section)

====Race relations in Brazil====
[[File:Ogum.JPG|thumb|right|Brazilian [[Candomblé]] ceremony]]
According to the 2022 census, 10.2% of Brazilians said they were black, compared with 7.6% in 2010, and 45.3% said they were racially mixed, up from 43.1%, while the proportion of self-declared white Brazilians has fallen from 47.7% to 43.5%. Activists from Brazil's Black movement attribute the racial shift in the population to a growing sense of pride among African-descended Brazilians in recognising and celebrating their ancestry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mixed-race people become Brazil's biggest population group {{!}} Brazil {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/22/mixed-race-brazil-largest-population-group |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=theguardian.com}}</ref>

The philosophy of the [[racial democracy]] in Brazil has drawn some criticism, based on economic issues. Brazil has one of the largest gaps in income distribution in the world. The richest 10% of the population earn 28 times the average income of the bottom 40%. The richest 10 percent is almost exclusively white or predominantly European in ancestry. One-third of the population lives under the [[Poverty threshold|poverty line]], with blacks and other [[people of color]] accounting for 70 percent of the poor.<ref>{{cite web|author=Barrolle, Melvin Kadiri|title=African 'Americans' in Brazil|publisher=New America Media|url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=5b8d531de860940110af2433244782c6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516030431/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=5b8d531de860940110af2433244782c6|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 May 2007|access-date=5 August 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Henry Chamberlain - Quitandeiras da Lapa.jpg|thumb|left|Fruit sellers in [[Lapa, Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]], c. 1820]]
In 2015 United States, African Americans, including multiracial people, earned 76.8% as much as white people. By contrast, black and mixed race Brazilians earned on average 58% as much as whites in 2014.<ref name="EconomistSlaverysLegacies">{{cite news|title=Slavery's legacies|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21706510-american-thinking-about-race-starting-influence-brazil-country-whose-population|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=6 May 2018}}</ref> The gap in income between blacks and other non-whites is relatively small compared to the large gap between whites and all people of color. Other social factors, such as illiteracy and education levels, show the same patterns of disadvantage for people of color.<ref>{{cite web|author=Roland, Edna Maria Santos|title=The Economics of Racism: People of African Descent in Brazil|url=http://www.falapreta.org.br/durban/racism.doc|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614014314/http://www.falapreta.org.br/durban/racism.doc|archive-date=14 June 2007}}</ref>

[[File:Jean Baptiste Debret - Loja de barbeiros, 1821.jpg|thumb|Black people in Brazil, c. 1821]]
Some commentators{{Who|date=September 2016}} observe that the United States practice of [[Racial segregation|segregation]] and [[white supremacy]] in the South, and discrimination in many areas outside that region, forced many African Americans to unite in the civil rights struggle, whereas the fluid nature of race in Brazil has divided individuals of African ancestry between those with more or less ancestry and helped sustain an image of the country as an example of post-colonial harmony. This has hindered the development of a common identity among black Brazilians.<ref name="EconomistSlaverysLegacies"/>

Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage<ref name=Phillips>Tom Phillips, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/17/brazil-census-african-brazilians-majority "Brazil census shows African-Brazilians in the majority for the first time"], ''The Guardian'', 17 November 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2018.</ref> of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of [[Salvador, Bahia]], for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color.

Patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term ''negro'' to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-sep-03-oe-rodriguez3-story.html|title=Brazil Separates into a World of Black and White|work=Los Angeles Times|first=Gregory |last=Rodriguez|date=3 September 2006|access-date=6 May 2018}}</ref>