Editing Xenophobia (section)

==== Germany ====
{{Main|Racism in Germany}}
{{Further|Antisemitism in 21st century Germany}}
The period after Germany's loss of [[World War I]] led to the increased espousal of [[Antisemitism|anti-Semitism]] and other forms of racism in the country's political discourse, for example, emotions which were initially expressed by members of the right-wing [[Freikorps]] finally culminated in the ascent of [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[Nazi Party]] in 1933. The [[Racial policy of Nazi Germany|Nazi Party's racial policy]] and the [[Nuremberg Laws|Nuremberg Race Laws]] against Jews and other non-[[Aryan race|Aryans]] represented the most explicit racist policies in twentieth century Europe. These laws deprived all Jews (including half-Jews and quarter-Jews) and all other non-Aryans of German citizenship. The official title of Jews became "subjects of the state". At first, the Nuremberg Race Laws only forbade racially mixed sexual relationships and marriages between Aryans and Jews but later they were extended to "[[Romani people|Gypsies]], [[Black people|Negroes]] or their bastard offspring".<ref name="Burleigh1991">{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Burleigh |title=The Racial State: Germany 1933–1945 |date=7 November 1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-39802-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/racialstate00mich/page/49 49] |url=https://archive.org/details/racialstate00mich/page/49 }}</ref> Such interracial relationships were known as "racial pollution" [[Rassenschande]], and they became a criminal and punishable offence under the race laws.<ref name="Burleigh1991" /><ref>{{cite book |first=S. H. |last=Milton |chapter="Gypsies" as social outsiders in Nazi Germany |title=Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany |editor=Robert Gellately and Nathan Stoltzfus |year=2001 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-08684-2 |pages=216, 231}}</ref> The Nazi racial theory regarded [[Polish people|Poles]] and other [[Slavs|Slavic peoples]] as racially inferior ''[[Untermensch]]en''. Nazi Germany's Directive No.1306 stated: "Polishness equals subhumanity. Poles, Jews and gypsies are on the same inferior level."<ref>From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia, and the World, 1939–1941 (1997), by Sheldon Dick ed. [[Bernd Wegner]], p.50</ref>

After the 1950s the steady arrival of Turkish workers led to xenophobia.<ref name=":0" />

According to a 2012 survey, 18% of [[Turks in Germany]] believe that Jews are inferior human beings.<ref>Liljeberg Research International: [https://d171.keyingress.de/multimedia/document/228.pdf ''Deutsch-Türkische Lebens und Wertewelten 2012''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011112234/https://d171.keyingress.de/multimedia/document/228.pdf |date=11 October 2012 }}, July/August 2012, p. 68</ref><ref>[[Die Welt]]: [https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article108659406/Tuerkische-Migranten-hoffen-auf-muslimische-Mehrheit.html ''Türkische Migranten hoffen auf muslimische Mehrheit''], 17 August 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012</ref>