Editing University of Pennsylvania (section)

==People==
{{Main|List of University of Pennsylvania people#Alumni}}
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=== Notable people ===
{{Excessive examples|section|date=April 2025}}

Penn alumni, faculty and trustees include those who have distinguished themselves in the sciences, academia, politics, business, military, sports, arts, and media.

Penn alumni include two [[List of presidents of the United States|presidents of the United States]]: [[Donald Trump]] and [[William Henry Harrison]],{{refn|group=note|name="Harrison"|[[William Henry Harrison]] studied medicine at Penn from 1790 until his father died in 1791; after his father's death Harrison left the University to join the army.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=William H. Harrison |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=190|encyclopedia=Ohio History Central An Online Encyclopedia of Ohio History|publisher=Ohio Historical Society|access-date=August 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628231916/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=190|archive-date=June 28, 2011}}</ref>}} (and eight [[Presidents of United States|presidents]] who were awarded honorary doctorate degrees by Penn).<ref name="Presidential">{{cite web |url=https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-history/presidential-visits |title=Presidential Visits to the University of Pennsylvania |website=archives.upenn.edu |access-date=June 1, 2024}} Washington, Garfield, Taft, Wilson, T. Roosevelt, Hoover, F.D. Roosevelt</ref> Of the presidents who were awarded the honorary doctorates by Penn, five were awarded prior to them becoming president (Washington, Taft, Wilson, Hoover, and Eisenhower) and three were awarded while they were president (Garfield and both Roosevelts).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-history/presidential-visits/ | title=Presidential Visits to the University of Pennsylvania}}</ref>

Nine foreign [[Head of state|heads of state]] attended Penn (including former prime minister of the Philippines, [[Cesar Virata]]; the first president of [[Nigeria]], [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]; the first president of [[Ghana]], [[Kwame Nkrumah]]; and the current president of [[Ivory Coast]], [[Alassane Ouattara]]).

Prior to becoming [[President of United States|president of the United States]], [[Joe Biden]] was a [[Benjamin Franklin]] Presidential Practice Professor at University of Pennsylvania, where he led the [[Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement]], a center focused principally on diplomacy, foreign policy, and national security.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://amc.sas.upenn.edu/people/senior-fellow-joe-biden | title=Joe Biden &#124; the Andrea Mitchell Center for the Study of Democracy }}</ref>

Penn alumni or faculty also include three [[United States Supreme Court]] justices: [[William J. Brennan]], [[Owen J. Roberts]], and [[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]] and at least four Supreme Court justices of foreign nations, (including [[Ronald Wilson]] of the [[High Court of Australia]], [[Ayala Procaccia]] of the [[Israel Supreme Court]], [[Yvonne Mokgoro]], former justice of the [[Constitutional Court]] of [[South Africa]], and Irish [[Court of Appeal (Ireland)|Court of Appeal]] justice [[Gerard Hogan]]).

Since its founding, Penn alumni, trustees, and faculty have included eight [[Founding Fathers of the United States]] who signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]],<ref name="upenn1"/><ref name="upenn2">{{cite web |title=Penn Notables: Penn Signers of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution |website=Penn University Archives and Records Center |url=https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/notables/declaration-constitution/ |publisher=Penn Libraries, University of Pennsylvania |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604205318/https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/notables/declaration-constitution/ |archive-date=June 4, 2024 |language=en}} {{webarchive|date=March 7, 2017 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307090215/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/notables/signers.html}}</ref> seven who signed the [[United States Constitution]],<ref name="upenn2"/> and 24 members of the [[Continental Congress]].

Penn alumni also include 32 [[United States Senate|U.S. senators]], 163 members of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]], 19 [[Cabinet of the United States|U.S. Cabinet Secretaries]], 46 [[Governor (United States)|governors]], 28 [[State supreme court|State Supreme Court]] justices. Penn alumni, trustees and or faculty have served in every Congress since the first in 1789 and have represented 26 different states.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maharaj |first1=Nicholas |last2=Shaikh |first2=Sina |title=Penn, in Washington: the numbers behind 200 years of alumni, affiliates in Congress |url=https://thedp.com/article/2024/03/penn-alumni-affiliates-congress-history |website=[[The Daily Pennsylvanian]] |access-date=13 December 2024 |date=27 March 2024}}</ref>

Penn alumni in [[business]], [[finance]] and [[investment banking]] include [[Warren Buffett]]{{refn|group=note|Buffett studied at Penn for two years before he transferred to the [[University of Nebraska]].}} (CEO of [[Berkshire Hathaway]]), [[Elon Musk]] (co-founder of [[PayPal]], [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]], [[OpenAI]] and [[Neuralink]], founder of [[SpaceX]], [[The Boring Company]] and [[xAI (company)|xAI]]), [[Sundar Pichai]] (CEO of [[Alphabet, Inc.|Alphabet]] and [[Google]]), [[Peter Lynch]] (former manager of the [[Fidelity Magellan Fund]]), and other high-profile figures on [[Wall Street]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Long|first=Heather |date=October 2, 2014 |title=Want a job on Wall Street? Go to UPenn or Georgetown|url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/10/02/investing/investment-banking-job-linkedin-upenn-georgetown-yale/index.html|access-date=August 26, 2020|website=CNNMoney}}</ref> Penn alumni who received federal aid, 10 years after starting at Penn, have the highest median incomes among alumni of Ivy League schools.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2023/04/11/how-much-students-earn-after-attending-ivy-league-schools.html | title=Students from this Ivy League school earn the highest salaries—and it's not Harvard or Yale | website=[[CNBC]] | date=April 11, 2023 }}</ref> Penn has the largest number of undergraduate alumni (36) who are [[Billionaire|billionaires]] (with combined wealth of {{USD|367 billion|long=no}}—also the largest number among colleges and universities in the US).<ref name="quartz">{{cite news |title=Nearly a fifth of America's billionaires went to just 5 colleges |at=Slide 1: University of Pennsylvania |url=https://qz.com/billionaires-penn-harvard-yale-stanford-1851528839/slides/6 |work=Quartz |access-date=June 10, 2024 |language=en |date=9 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardjchang/2024/06/09/top-colleges-for-billionaires/|access-date=June 10, 2024 |title=Top Colleges for Billionaires |work=[[Forbes]] }}</ref>

Penn alumni have won 53 [[Tony Awards]],<ref>{{Citation | last = Siegel | first = Tatiana | title = NY Comic-Con: Beatles Manager Getting Biopic From Broadway's Vivek J. Tiwary | newspaper = The Hollywood Reporter | date = October 10, 2012 | url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/fifth-beatle-vivek-j-tiwary-brian-epstein-377904 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pilambdaphi.org/news/vivek-tiwary-award-winning-broadway-producer-who-brought-punk-to-broadway-96-penn/ | title=Vivek Tiwary: Award winning producer who brought punk to Broadway - '96 Penn | date=August 9, 2022 }}</ref> 17 [[Grammy Awards]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-03-17 |title=Indian American Vivek Tiwary Wins Grammy for Best Musical Theater Album for 'Jagged Little Pill' |url=https://americankahani.com/entertainment/indian-american-vivek-tiwary-wins-grammy-for-best-musical-theater-album-for-jagged-little-pill/ |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=American Kahani |language=en-US}}</ref> 25 [[Emmy Awards]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.foxsports.com/personalities/tom-rinaldi/bio | title=Tom Rinaldi Bio & Career Accomplishments }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.profootballnetwork.com/who-is-tom-rinaldi-breaking-down-the-award-winning-journalists-career/ | title=Who is Tom Rinaldi? Breaking Down the Award-Winning Journalist's Career | date=February 12, 2023 }}</ref> 13 [[Academy Awards|Oscars]], and 1 [[EGOT]] ([[John Legend]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/egot-how-long-it-took-every-winner-and-john-legend-to-get-all-awards-2018-9 | title=This chart shows how long it took all 15 EGOT winners to get their awards, and John Legend was one of the fastest | website=[[Business Insider]] }}</ref>).{{refn|group=note|See [[List of University of Pennsylvania people]] 'Arts, media, and entertainment' section for list of Penn alumni who earned Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony award winners, replete with hyperlinks.}}

Penn alumni have also had a significant impact on the United States military as they include [[Samuel Nicholas]], "founder" of [[United States Marine Corps]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://destroyerhistory.org/fletcherclass/ns_nicholas/ | title=Major Samuel Nicholas, Continental Marines (Ca. 1744 –1790) }}</ref> and [[William A. Newell]], whose congressional action formed a predecessor to the current [[United States Coast Guard]],<ref name="MJ-obit">{{Cite news |url=http://www.digifind-it.com/data/matawan/journal/1901/1901-08-15.pdf |title=Death of Governor Newell |newspaper=The Matawan Journal |date=August 15, 1901 |volume=33 |number=7 |access-date=July 23, 2015 |archive-date=July 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723221754/http://www.digifind-it.com/data/matawan/journal/1901/1901-08-15.pdf  |url-status=dead |at=p. 1, col. 5; p. 2 col. 1}}</ref> and numerous alumni have become generals or similar rank in the [[United States Armed Forces]]. At least two Penn alumni have been [[NASA]] [[astronaut]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biographical Data|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/bluford_guion.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=October 14, 2023|archive-date=February 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212170249/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/bluford_guion.pdf}}</ref> and five Penn alumni have been awarded the [[Medal of Honor]].<ref name="MoH Recipients"/><ref name="na"/> 
[[File:All Wars memorial Penn.JPG|thumb|In 1952, in presence of then Penn President [[Harold Stassen]] Penn installed (near corner of 33rd Street and [[Edgar Fahs Smith|Smith Walk]]) "War Memorial Flagpole" (aka "All Wars Memorial to Penn Alumni"), which honors Penn faculty, students, and alumni who died in military service.<ref>{{cite web |title=War Memorial Flagpole (1951) |url=https://www.associationforpublicart.org/artwork/war-memorial-flagpole/ |website=[[Association for Public Art]] |access-date=3 December 2024}}</ref>]]

As of 2023, there have been 38 Nobel laureates affiliated (see [[List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation]]) with the University of Pennsylvania.<ref name="UPennLaureates">{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/notables/awards/nobel.html|title=Nobel Laureates at Penn|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|access-date=October 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103064008/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/notables/awards/nobel.html|archive-date=November 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/02/health/nobel-prize-medicine.html?smid=nytcore-android-share Nobel Prize Awarded to Covid Vaccine Pioneers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004182045/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/02/health/nobel-prize-medicine.html?smid=nytcore-android-share|date=October 4, 2023}} accessed October 2, 2023</ref>

At least 43 different Penn alumni have earned 81 Olympic medals (26 gold).<ref name="pennolympics">{{cite web |url=https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/notables/athletics/olympics/athletes |title=Penn in the Olympics |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |access-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-date=August 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821044816/https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/notables/athletics/olympics/athletes |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|See [[list of University of Pennsylvania people]] athletics section for list of Penn Olympic medal winners, replete with hyperlinks.}}

Penn's alumni also include poets [[Ezra Pound]] and [[William Carlos Williams]], civil rights leader [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]], linguist and political theorist [[Noam Chomsky]], architect [[Louis Kahn]], cartoonist [[Charles Addams]], actresses [[Candice Bergen]] and [[Elizabeth Banks]].

=== Alumni organizations ===
Penn has over 120 international alumni clubs in 52 countries and 37 states, which offer opportunities for alumni to reconnect, participate in events, and work on collaborative initiatives.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.alumni.upenn.edu/s/1587/gid2/16/interior.aspx?sid=1587&gid=2&pgid=400 | title=Alumni Regional Clubs }}</ref> In addition, in 1989, Penn bought a 14-story clubhouse building (purpose-built for [[Yale Club of New York City|Yale Club]]) in New York City from [[Touro College]] for {{USD|15 million|long=no}}<ref name=Historic>{{cite web |url=http://nycnpc.org/db/bb_files/2010-FormerYaleClubofNewYorkCityBuilding.pdf |title=(Former) Yale Club of New York City Building (now Penn Club of New York) |publisher=Landmarks Preservation Commission of New York City |date=February 9, 2010 |access-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-date=December 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219035002/http://nycnpc.org/db/bb_files/2010-FormerYaleClubofNewYorkCityBuilding.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> to house Penn's largest alumni chapter. After raising a separate {{USD|25 million|long=no}} (including {{USD|150,000|long=no}}+ donations each from such alumni as [[Estée Lauder (businesswoman)|Estee Lauder]] heirs [[Leonard Lauder]] and [[Ronald Lauder]], [[Saul Steinberg (businessman)|Saul Steinberg]], [[Michael Milken]], [[Donald Trump]], and [[Ronald Perelman]]) and two years of renovation,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/14/garden/currents-clubhouse-for-penn.html|title=CURRENTS; Clubhouse for Penn (Published 1994)|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 14, 1994|last1=Moonan|first1=Wendy}}</ref> the [[Penn Club of New York]] moved to its current location at [[30 West 44th Street]] on NYC's Clubhouse Row.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/09/realestate/penns-racing-to-join-clubhouse-row.html |title=Penn's Racing to Join Clubhouse Row|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Peter|last=Slatin|date=May 9, 1993|access-date=November 2, 2020}}</ref>