Editing Stuttgart (section)

== Transport ==
Following the suit of other German cities such as Berlin, [[Cologne]] and [[Hanover]], on 1 March 2008 a [[low emission zone]] (LEZ) came into effect in Stuttgart with the aim of improving air quality. This affects all vehicles entering the Stuttgart 'Environmental zone' (''Umweltzone''), including vehicles from abroad.<ref>{{cite web |title=Umweltzone und Feinstaub-Plakette: Fragen und Antworten |url=http://www.stuttgart.de/sde/item/gen/185468.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105233847/http://www.stuttgart.de/sde/menu/frame/top.php?seite=http://www.stuttgart.de/sde/item/gen/185468.htm |archive-date=5 January 2013 |access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://www.env-it.de/luftdaten/download/public/html/Umweltzonen/Dokumente/PDF-Versionen_Umweltzonen_Einzelne_Staedte/Umweltzone_Stuttgart_20071115.pdf PDF showing the areas of Stuttgart in the Low Emission Zone] {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

=== Local transport ===
[[File:Haltestelle Staatsgalerie Stuttgart-pjt2.jpg|thumb|Stuttgart Stadtbahn]]
[[File:S-Bahn-Station Feuersee in Stuttgart 24.jpg|thumb|Stuttgart S-Bahn]]
[[File:stuttgart hbf1.jpg|thumb|Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof (main railway station)]]

Stuttgart has a [[light rail]] system known as the [[Stuttgart Stadtbahn]]. In the city center and densely built-up areas, the Stadtbahn runs underground. Stations are signposted with a 'U' symbol, which stands for ''unabhängig'' (independent), due to the system being mostly separated from road traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Germany |first=Stuttgarter Nachrichten, Stuttgart |title=U für Unabhängig: Stuttgart als Stadtbahn-Baustelle |url=https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.u-fuer-unabhaengig-stuttgart-als-stadtbahn-baustelle.85721593-65f7-4af1-ace4-4ab8de2a6fb3.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=stuttgarter-nachrichten.de |language=de}}</ref> Until 2007, Stuttgart also operated regular trams. Stuttgart also has a large bus network. Stadtbahn lines and buses are operated by the [[Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen AG]] (SSB). The outlying suburbs of Stuttgart and nearby towns are served by a suburban railway system called the [[Stuttgart S-Bahn]], using tracks supplied by the national [[Deutsche Bahn]] AG (DB).

A peculiarity of Stuttgart is the ''[[Stuttgart Rack Railway|Zahnradbahn]]'', a [[rack railway]] that is powered by electricity and operates between Marienplatz in the southern inner-city district of the city and the district of Degerloch. It is the only urban rack railway in Germany. Stuttgart also has a ''[[Standseilbahn Stuttgart|Standseilbahn]]'', a [[funicular]] railway that operates in the Heslach area and the forest cemetery (Waldfriedhof). In [[Killesbergpark|Killesberg Park]], on a prominent hill overlooking the city, there is the [[Killesberg Railway|miniature railway]] run by diesel (and on weekends with steam).

=== Rail links ===
[[File:EDDS - 001.jpg|thumb|Stuttgart Airport]]
[[File:Stuttgart zahnradbahn1.jpg|thumb|right|Rack railway]]
[[File:SeilbahnStuttgart-pjt1.jpg|thumb|right|Funicular]]
Stuttgart is a hub in the [[Intercity-Express]] and [[Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)|Intercity]] networks of [[Deutsche Bahn]] AG (DB), with through services to most other major German cities. It also operates international services to [[Strasbourg]], Vienna, [[Zürich]] and Paris (five times a day, journey time 3 hours 11 minutes).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bahn.de/p/view/angebot/international/ice-paris.shtml |title=Mit dem ICE/TGV nach Paris |publisher=Deutsche Bahn |access-date=14 October 2018 |language=de |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015003133/https://www.bahn.de/p/view/angebot/international/ice-paris.shtml |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Long-distance trains stop at [[Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof]], the city's main line terminus, which is also used by [[Interregio-Express]], [[Regional-Express]] and [[Regionalbahn]] trains for services to stations in the Stuttgart metropolitan area. The local rail networks (see above) operate underneath the terminus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=German Railway {{!}} G2Rail |url=https://www.g2rail.com/help/railways/db |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.g2rail.com}}</ref>

Stuttgart also has its own rail freight centre with [[classification yard|marshalling yards]] and a [[container terminal]] in the Obertürkheim area of Hedelfingen.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}

=== Rail: The ''Stuttgart 21'' project ===
After years of political debate and controversy, plans were approved in October 2007 to convert the existing above-ground [[Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof|main train station]] to an underground through station. The ''[[Stuttgart 21]] project'' will include the rebuilding of surface and underground lines connecting the station in Stuttgart's enclosed central valley with existing railway and underground lines. Building work started in 2010 with controversial modifications to the Hauptbahnhof and was slated to be completed in 2019, then 2021 and now 2025.

=== Air transport ===
Stuttgart is served by [[Stuttgart Airport]] ({{langx|de|link=no|Flughafen Stuttgart}}, IATA airport code ''STR''), an international airport approximately {{cvt|13|km|mi|0}} south of the city centre on land belonging mainly to neighboring towns. It takes 30 minutes to reach the airport from the city center using [[S-Bahn]] lines S2 or S3 or Stadtbahn line U6. Stuttgart airport is Germany's only international airport with one runway. Despite protests and local initiatives, surveys are currently underway to assess the impact of a second runway.<ref>Stuttgarter Nachrichten [http://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/stn/page/detail.php/15242690, German newspaper report on planned 2nd runway] {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

=== Road transport ===
Stuttgart is served by [[Bundesautobahn 8|Autobahn A8]], that runs east–west from [[Karlsruhe]] to [[Munich]], and [[Bundesautobahn 81|Autobahn A81]] that runs north–south from [[Würzburg]] to [[Singen]]. The [[Bundesautobahn 831|Autobahn A831]] is a short spur entering the southern side of Stuttgart.
[[File:Stuttgart-hafen-2005.jpg|thumb|Port on Neckar River in Stuttgart]]
Besides these [[Autobahn]]s, Stuttgart is served by a large number of expressways, many of which are built to Autobahn standards, and were once intended to carry an A-number. Important expressways like B10, B14, [[Bundesstraße 27|B27]] and B29 connect Stuttgart with its suburbs. Due to the hilly surroundings, there are many road tunnels in and around Stuttgart. There are also a number of road tunnels under intersections in the center of Stuttgart.

=== Waterways ===
Stuttgart has an inland port in Hedelfingen on the [[Neckar]].