Editing Provence (section)

== Genetics ==
A recent genetic study in 2011 analysed 51 southern French individuals from Provence and 89 [[Greek people|Anatolian Greek]] subjects whose paternal ancestry derives from [[Smyrna]] (modern-day [[İzmir]] in Turkey) and Asia Minor [[Phokaia]] (modern-day [[Foça]] in Turkey), the ancestral embarkation port to the 6th century BCE ancient Greek colonies of Massalia (Marseille) and Alalie (Aleria, Corsica). The study found that 17% of the [[Y-chromosomes]] of Provence may be attributed to [[Greek colonisation]]. The study also concluded that "estimates of colonial Greek vs indigenous Celto-Ligurian demography predict a maximum of a 10% Greek contribution, suggesting a Greek male elite-dominant input into the Iron Age Provence population."<ref name=" Chiaroni, Jacques 2011 ">{{cite journal |author= Chiaroni, Jacques |title= The coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-chromosome models of archaic Greek colonization of the western Mediterranean |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |year= 2011|volume= 11 |issue= 1 |page= 69 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-69 |pmid= 21401952 |pmc= 3068964 |s2cid= 2787435 |quote= The process of Greek colonization of the central and western Mediterranean during the Archaic and Classical Eras has been understudied from the perspective of population genetics. To investigate the Y chromosomal demography of Greek colonization in the western Mediterranean, Y-chromosome data consisting of 29 YSNPs and 37 YSTRs were compared from 51 subjects from Provence, 58 subjects from Smyrna and 31 subjects whose paternal ancestry derives from Asia Minor Phokaia, the ancestral embarkation port to the 6th century BCE Greek colonies of Massalia (Marseille) and Alalie (Aleria, Corsica). Results 19% of the Phokaian and 12% of the Smyrnian representatives were derived for haplogroup E-V13, characteristic of the Greek and Balkan mainland, while 4% of the Provençal, 4.6% of East Corsican and 1.6% of West Corsican samples were derived for E-V13. An admixture analysis estimated that 17% of the Y-chromosomes of Provence may be attributed to Greek colonization. Using the following putative Neolithic Anatolian lineages: J2a-DYS445 = 6, G2a-M406 and J2a1b1-M92, the data predict a 0% Neolithic contribution to Provence from Anatolia. Estimates of colonial Greek vs. indigenous Celto-Ligurian demography predict a maximum of a 10% Greek contribution, suggesting a Greek male elite-dominant input into the Iron Age Provence population. |doi-access= free |bibcode= 2011BMCEE..11...69K }}</ref>