Editing Pacifism (section)

===Islam===
{{Main|Pacifism in Islam}}
{{See also|Peace in Islamic philosophy}}

Different Muslim movements through history had linked pacifism with [[Muslim theology]].<ref name="Osborn2011">{{Cite book |last=Emily Lynn Osborn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5vFHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18 |title=Our New Husbands Are Here: Households, Gender, and Politics in a West African State from the Slave Trade to Colonial Rule |year=2011 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0821443972 |pages=18–}}</ref><ref name="Müller2013">{{Cite book |last=Louise Müller |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T890Drkv9AoC&pg=PA207 |title=Religion and Chieftaincy in Ghana: An Explanation of the Persistence of a Traditional Political Institution in West Africa |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=2013 |isbn=978-3643903600 |pages=207–}}</ref><ref>An American Witness to India's Partition by Phillips Talbot Year (2007)</ref> However, [[Islam and war|warfare]] has been integral part of Islamic history both for the defense and the spread of the faith since the time of [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Johnson2010">{{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |title=Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions |year=2010 |publisher=Penn State Press |isbn=978-0271-042145 |pages=20–25 |chapter=1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IoEjpRsvuzUC&pg=PA20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Karsh |first=Efraim |url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300198171/islamic-imperialism |title=Islamic imperialism : a history |year=2013 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300198171 |edition=2nd |location=New Haven, CT}}</ref><ref>Lews, Bernard, [[Islam and the West]], Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=br74_99YqSIC&pg=PA9 9]–10</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hoyland |first=Robert G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zvmKBAAAQBAJ |title=In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0199916368 |author-link=Robert G. Hoyland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaegi |first=Walter E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvPVEb17uzkC |title=Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0521484558 |author-link=Walter Kaegi}}</ref>

[[Peace in Islamic philosophy|Peace is an important aspect of Islam]], and Muslims are encouraged to strive for peace and peaceful solutions to all problems. However, most Muslims are generally not pacifists, as the teachings in the Qur'an and Hadith allow for wars to be fought if they are justified.<ref>{{cite web |title=What does pacifism mean in Islam? |url=https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zfnv87h/revision/7 |access-date=23 August 2019 |publisher=BBC |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719082008/https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zfnv87h/revision/7 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Sufism====
{{Further|Sufism}}

Prior to the [[Hijra (Islam)|Hijra]] travel, [[Muhammad]] struggled [[Nonviolence|non-violently]] against his opposition in Mecca,<ref name="cultures">Boulding, Elise. "Cultures of Peace: The Hidden Side of History", p. 57</ref> providing a basis for Islamic pacifist schools of thought such as some [[Sufism|Sufi orders]].<ref name="Hafez">{{Cite book |last=Hafez |first=Kai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MkIxwQocXacC&pg=PA208 |title=Radicalism and Political Reform in the Islamic and Western Worlds |year=2010 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1139489041 |page=208}}</ref>

In the 13th century, [[Salim Suwari]] a philosopher in Islam, came up with a peaceful approach to Islam known as the [[Suwarian tradition]].<ref name="Osborn2011" /><ref name="Müller2013" />

The earliest massive non-violent implementation of [[civil disobedience]] was brought about by [[Egyptians]] against the British in the [[Egyptian Revolution of 1919]].<ref name="Egypt">{{Citation |last=Zunes, Stephen (1999:42) |title=Nonviolent Social Movements: A Geographical Perspective |publisher=Blackwell Publishing}}</ref>

[[Khān Abdul Ghaffār Khān]] was a [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] [[Indian independence movement|independence activist]] against [[British Raj|British colonial rule]]. He was a political and spiritual leader known for his [[nonviolence|nonviolent]] opposition, and a lifelong pacifist and devout [[Muslim]].<ref>An American Witness to India's Partition by Phillips Talbot Year (2007) Sage Publications {{ISBN|978-0761936183}}</ref> A close friend of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], Bacha Khan was nicknamed the "Frontier Gandhi" in [[British Raj|British India]].<ref name="RazaAhmad1990">{{Cite book |last1=Raza |first1=Moonis |title=An Atlas of Tribal India: With Computed Tables of District-level Data and Its Geographical Interpretation |last2=Ahmad |first2=Aijazuddin |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1990 |isbn=978-8170222866 |page=1}}</ref> Bacha Khan founded the [[Khudai Khidmatgar]] ("Servants of God") movement in 1929, whose success triggered severe crackdowns by the colonial government against Khan and his supporters, and they experienced some of the strongest repression of the Indian independence movement.<ref name="Zartman">{{Cite book |last=Zartman |first=I. William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyUV8NnlXhEC&pg=PA284/ |title=Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods & Techniques |publisher=US Institute of Peace Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-1929223664 |page=284 |author-link=I. William Zartman |access-date=4 February 2013}}</ref>

====Ahmadiyya====
{{Further|Ahmadiyya view on Jihad}}

According to the [[Ahmadiyya]] understanding of Islam, pacifism is a strong current, and jihad is one's personal inner struggle and should not be used violently for political motives. Violence is the last option only to be used to protect religion and one's own life in extreme situations of persecution. [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, said that in contrary to the current views, Islam ''does not allow the use of sword in religion, except in the case of defensive wars, wars waged to punish a tyrant, or those meant to uphold freedom''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jihad the True Islamic Concept |url=http://www.alislam.org/library/articles/Jihad-Brochure.pdf |access-date=9 September 2010}}</ref>

Ahmadiyya claims its objective to be the peaceful propagation of [[Islam]] with special emphasis on spreading the true message of Islam by the pen. Ahmadis point out that as per prophecy, who they believe was the promised messiah, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, rendered the concept of violent jihad unnecessary in modern times. They believe that the answer of hate should be given by love.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jihad of the Pen |url=http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000064.html |access-date=9 September 2010}}</ref> Many Muslims consider Ahmadi Muslims as either ''[[kafir]]s'' or [[bid'ah|heretics]], an animosity sometimes resulting in murder.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2010 |title=Who are the Ahmadi? |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8711026.stm |url-status=live |access-date=19 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530013220/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8711026.stm |archive-date=30 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Burhani |first=Ahmad Najib |url=https://alexandria.ucsb.edu/lib/ark:/48907/f3707zhx |title=When Muslims are not Muslims: the Ahmadiyya community and the discourse on heresy in Indonesia |publisher=[[University of California]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1303424861 |location=Santa Barbara, California}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Haq |first=Zia |date=2 October 2011 |title='Heretical' Ahmadiyya sect raises Muslim hackles |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |publisher=[[HT Media]] |location=[[New Delhi]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/heretical-ahmadiyya-sect-raises-muslim-hackles/article1-752846.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=19 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419082837/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/heretical-ahmadiyya-sect-raises-muslim-hackles/article1-752846.aspx |archive-date=19 April 2015}}</ref>