Editing Oslo (section)

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Oslo}}
[[File:Population pyramid of Oslo in 2022.svg|thumb|Population pyramid of Oslo in 2022]]
[[File:Oslo population.svg|left|thumb|Population of Oslo from 1801 to 2006, with yearly data from 1950 to 2006.]]
{{Historical populations 
|footnote='''Source''': [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/02/folkendrhist_en/tables/tab/03.html Statistics Norway].<ref name="Stats2015 a" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://statbank.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/Default_FR.asp?PXSid=0&nvl=true&PLanguage=0&tilside=selecttable/hovedtabellHjem.asp&KortnavnWeb=folkfram |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023110552/http://statbank.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/Default_FR.asp?PXSid=0&nvl=true&PLanguage=0&tilside=selecttable/hovedtabellHjem.asp&KortnavnWeb=folkfram |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2013 |title=Projected population – Statistics Norway |publisher=Statbank.ssb.no |access-date=23 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M) 1951 - 2025
|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/06913/|publisher=[[Statistics Norway]]}}</ref>
|shading=off
|cols=2
|1500|2500
|1801|8931
|1855|31715
|1890|151239
|1951|434365
|1961|475663
|1971|481548
|1981|452023
|1991|461644
|2001|508726
|2011|599230
|2021|697010}}
{|class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Number of minorities (1st and 2nd gen.) in Oslo county by country of origin in 2023<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true |title=Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population |publisher=ssb.no |access-date=26 June 2017 |archive-date=2 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702101705/https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! Nationality||Population (2023)
|-
|{{flagu|Pakistan}} ||22,330
|-
|{{flagu|Somalia}} ||17,455
|-
|{{flagu|Poland}} ||16,070
|-
|{{flagu|Sweden}} ||11,266
|-
|{{flagu|Iraq}} ||8,278
|-
|{{flagu|India}} ||7,731
|-
|{{flagu|Morocco}} ||6,938
|-
|{{flagu|Iran}} (Incl. Kurdistan province) ||6,808
|-
|{{flagu|Vietnam}} ||6,570
|-
|{{flagu|Philippines}} ||6,565
|-
|{{flagu|Turkey}} ||6,423
|-
|{{flagu|Sri Lanka}} ||6,394
|-
|{{flagu|Russia}} ||4,739
|-
|{{flagu|Eritrea}} ||4,609
|-
|{{flagu|Afghanistan}} ||4,469

|}

The population of Oslo was by 2010 increasing at a record rate of nearly 2% annually (17% over the last 10 years), making it the fastest-growing Scandinavian capital.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ole Kristian Nordengen Hanne Waaler Lier Pål V. Hagesæther |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article1139976.ece |title=Om 15 år kan det bo 100 000 flere i Oslo |publisher=Aftenposten.no |access-date=27 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504062450/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article1139976.ece |archive-date=4 May 2011 }}</ref> In 2015, according to [[Statistics Norway]] annual report, there were {{formatnum:647676}} permanent residents in the Oslo municipality, of which {{formatnum:628719}} resided in the city proper. There were also {{formatnum:1019451}} in the city's urban area<ref name="Stats2015 b" /><ref name="Stats2015 a">{{cite web |date=19 February 2015 |title=Population, 1 January 2015 |url=http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar/2015-02-19?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=218738 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125714/http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar/2015-02-19?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=218738 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=13 October 2015 |work=Statistics Norway}}</ref><ref name="OneMil">{{cite news |author=Pål Vegard Hagesæther |date=2 December 2018 |title=Nå bor det over én million i Stor-Oslo |newspaper=Aftenposten |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/osloby/i/21763y/Na-bor-det-over-n-million-i-Stor-Oslo |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203210844/https://www.aftenposten.no/osloby/i/21763y/Na-bor-det-over-n-million-i-Stor-Oslo |archive-date=3 December 2018}}</ref> and an estimated {{formatnum:1710000}} in the Greater Oslo Region, within {{cvt|100|km|0}} of the city centre.<ref name="regjeringen2010"/>

According to the most recent census {{formatnum:432000}} Oslo residents (70.4% of the population) were ethnically Norwegian, an increase of 6% since 2002 ({{formatnum:409000}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utviklings-og-kompetanseetaten.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/byrådsavdeling%20for%20finans%20(FIN)/Internett%20(FIN)/Dokumenter/statistikk/planxogxanalyseseksjonen/statistikk/statistikk2002/pdf2002/aarbok_2002_kap02.pdf |title=utviklings-og-kompetanseetaten.oslo.kommune.no}}</ref> Oslo has the largest population of immigrants and Norwegians born to immigrant parents in Norway, both in relative and absolute figures. Of Oslo's {{formatnum:624000}} inhabitants, {{formatnum:189400}} were immigrants or born to immigrant parents, representing 30.4 percent of the capital's population. All suburbs in Oslo were above the national average of 14.1 percent. The suburbs with the highest proportions of people of immigrant origin were Søndre Nordstrand, Stovner and Alna, where they formed around 50 percent of the population.<ref>Kristoffer Fredriksen: [http://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2013] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720163426/http://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef|date=20 July 2017 }} SSB, January 2013</ref>

[[Pakistani Norwegians|Pakistanis]] make up the single largest [[ethnic minority]], followed by [[Polish people|Poles]], [[Somali people|Somalis]], and 
[[Swedes]]. Other large immigrant groups are people from [[Sri Lanka]], [[Vietnamese Norwegians|Vietnam]], [[Turkey]], [[Morocco]], [[Iraqi Norwegian|Iraq]] & [[Iraqi Kurdistan|Kurdistan region]] and [[Iran]] & [[Kordestan province]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article2526653.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709135929/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article2526653.ece |url-status=dead |title=25 prosent av alle som bor i Oslo er innvandrere – Nyheter – Oslo – Aftenposten.no |archive-date=9 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef |title=Polakker den største innvandrergruppen |language=no |publisher=Ssb.no |access-date=27 June 2010 |archive-date=15 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215042313/http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-11.html |title=Tabell 11 Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre, etter landbakgrunn (de 20 største gruppene). Utvalgte kommuner. 1. januar 2009 |language=no |publisher=Ssb.no |access-date=22 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628200427/http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-11.html |archive-date=28 June 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://nyhuus.deich.folkebibl.no/deichman/dfb/sprakland.html Folkebibl.no] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609164119/http://nyhuus.deich.folkebibl.no/deichman/dfb/sprakland.html|date=9 June 2007 }} {{in lang|no}}</ref>

In 2013, 40% of Oslo's primary school pupils were registered as having a [[first language]] other than Norwegian or [[Sami languages|Sami]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utdanningsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/utdanningsetaten%20(UDE)/Internett%20(UDE)/EFP/Dokumenter/Antall%20elever%20fra%20språklige%20minoriteter%20i%20grunnskolen%2020122013.pdf |title=Minoritetsspråklige elever i Osloskolen 2012/2013 |work=Undervisningsetaten |date=4 January 2013 |last=Oslo kommune |first=Undervisningsetaten |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=31 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131062114/http://www.utdanningsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/utdanningsetaten%20%28UDE%29/Internett%20%28UDE%29/EFP/Dokumenter/Antall%20elever%20fra%20spr%C3%A5klige%20minoriteter%20i%20grunnskolen%2020122013.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The western part of the city is predominantly ethnic Norwegian, with several schools having less than 5% pupils with an immigrant background.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The eastern part of Oslo is more mixed, with some schools up to 97% of immigrant background. In the borough of [[Grorud Valley|Groruddalen]] in 2008 for instance, the ethnic Norwegian population decreased by 1,500, while the immigrant population increased by 1,600.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article3424942.ece |title=Ola og Kari flytter fra innvandrerne |work=Aftenposten |date=15 December 2009 |last=Slettholm |first=Andreas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604155245/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article3424942.ece |archive-date=4 June 2011 }}</ref>

As of 2022, immigrants of non-Western origin and their children enumerated 164,824, and made up an estimated 24% of Oslo's population.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=09817: Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents by immigration category, in total and separately, country background and percentages of the population (M) 2010 - 2023. Statbank Norway |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/system/ |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=SSB |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=09817: Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents by immigration category, in total and separately, country background and percentages of the population (M) 2010 - 2023. Statbank Norway |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/system/ |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=SSB |language=en}}</ref> 

Immigrants of Western origin and their children enumerated 71,858, and made up an estimated 10% of the city's population. Immigrants made up a total of 35% of Oslo's population in 2022.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/innvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=SSB |language=en |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526153643/https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/innvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{bar box 
|title=Religion in Oslo (1 January 2019)<ref name="oslo medlemmar">{{cite web |url=http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?mode=cube&v=2&study=http%3A%2F%2F192.168.101.44%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn_C1 |title=Medlemmer i tros- og livssynssamfunn som mottar offentlig støtte |language=no |publisher=Oslo kommune Statistikkbanken |access-date=21 December 2019 |archive-date=20 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520221300/http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?mode=cube&v=2&study=http%3A%2F%2F192.168.101.44%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn_C1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="oslo population">{{cite web |url=http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?v=2&mode=cube&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB_C1&study=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB |title=Folkemengden etter kjønn og alder (B) (2004–2019) |language=no |publisher=Oslo kommune Statistikkbanken |access-date=21 December 2019 |archive-date=20 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520222959/http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?v=2&mode=cube&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB_C1&study=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=religion
|right1=percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Church of Norway]] |Blue|48.7}}
{{bar percent|Other Christian denominations|Purple|8.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]] |Green|9.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]] |Yellow|0.6}}
{{bar percent|Other religions|Red|1.1}}
{{bar percent|Life stance communities|Orange|2.8}}
{{bar percent|Unaffiliated|Aquamarine|28.9}}
}}

Oslo has numerous religious communities. In 2019, 48.7% of the population were members of the [[Church of Norway]], lower than the national average of 69.9%.<ref>[https://www.ssb.no/en/kultur-og-fritid/statistikker/kirke_kostra/aar Church of Norway – main figures] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142905/https://www.ssb.no/en/kultur-og-fritid/statistikker/kirke_kostra/aar|date=12 June 2018 }} 14 June 2019 Statistics Norway</ref> Members of other Christian denominations make up 8.4% of the population. Islam was followed by 9.5%<ref>{{Cite web |title=08531: Members of congregations in religious and philosophical communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/philosophy (C) 2010 - 2020. Statbank Norway |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/system/ |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=SSB |language=en}}</ref> and Buddhism by 0.6% of the population. Adherents of other religions formed 1.1% of the population. Life stance communities, mainly the [[Norwegian Humanist Association]], were represented by 2.8% of the population. 28.9% of the Oslo population were unaffiliated with any religion or life stance community.<ref name="oslo medlemmar"/><ref name="oslo population"/>
{{clear|left}}