Editing Occitan language (section)

====Features of some Occitan dialects====
Examples of dialect-specific features of the northerly dialects shared with French, but not Catalan:
* Palatalization of {{smallcaps|ca-, ga-}} to {{IPA|/tʃa, dʒa/}}.
* Vocalization of syllable-final {{IPA|/l/}} to {{IPA|/w/}}.
* Loss of final consonants.
* Vocalization of syllable-final nasals to [[nasal vowel]]s.
* [[Uvular R|Uvularization]] of some or all {{angle bracket|r}} sounds.

Examples of dialect-specific features of the southerly dialects (or some of them) shared with Catalan, but not French:
* Latin {{smallcaps|-mb-,-nd-}} become {{IPA|/m, n/}}.
* [[Betacism]]: {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} merge (feature shared with Spanish and some Catalan dialects; except for Balearic, Valencian and Algherese Catalan, where {{IPA|/v/}} is preserved).
* Intervocalic voiced stops {{IPA|/b d ɡ/}} (from Latin {{smallcaps|-p-, -t, -c-}}) become voiced fricatives {{IPA|[β ð ɣ]}}.
* Loss of word-final single {{IPA|/n/}} (but not {{IPA|/nn/}}, e.g. ''an'' "year" < {{smallcaps|ānnvm}}).

Examples of [[Gascon language|Gascon]]-specific features not shared with French or Catalan:
* Latin initial {{IPA|/f/}} changed into {{IPA|/h/}} (Lat. {{smallcaps|filivm}} > Gasc. ''hilh''). This also happened in [[History of Spanish|medieval Spanish]], although the {{IPA|/h/}} was eventually lost, or reverted to {{IPA|/f/}} (before a consonant). The Gascon {{angle bracket|h}} has retained its [[aspiration (phonetics)|aspiration]].
* Loss of {{IPA|/n/}} between vowels. This also happened in [[History of Portuguese|Portuguese]] and [[Galician language|Galician]] (and moreover also in [[Basque language|Basque]]).
* Change of {{smallcaps|-ll-}} to {{angle bracket|r}} {{IPA|/ɾ/}}, or {{angle bracket|th}} word-finally (originally the [[voiceless palatal stop]] {{IPA|/c/}}, but now generally either {{IPA|/t/}} or {{IPA|/tʃ/}}, depending on the word). This is a unique characteristic of Gascon and of certain [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] dialects.

Examples of other dialect-specific features not shared with French or Catalan:
* Merging of syllable-final nasals to {{IPA|/ŋ/}}. This appears to represent a transitional stage before nasalization, and occurs especially in the southerly dialects other than Gascon (which still maintains different final nasals, as in Catalan).
* Former intervocalic {{IPA|/ð/}} (from Latin {{smallcaps|-d-}}) becomes /z/ (most dialects, but not Gascon). This appears to have happened in primitive Catalan as well, but Catalan later deleted this sound or converted it to {{IPA|/w/}}.
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/jt/}} (from Latin {{smallcaps|ct}}) to {{IPA|/tʃ/}} in most dialects or {{IPA|/(j)t/}}: ''lach'' vs ''lait'' (Gascon ''lèit'') 'milk', ''lucha'' vs ''luta'' (Gascon ''luta'') 'fight'.
* Weakening of {{IPA|/l/}} to {{IPA|/r/}} in the Vivaro-Alpine dialect.