Editing Muslim Brotherhood (section)

===Other states===
====Australia====
The Muslim Brotherhood Movement is an [[Arab Australians|Arab]] [[street gang]] in [[Sydney]] that uses the same name as the Muslim Brotherhood.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/the-rise-and-rise-of-new-gangs-20141112-9eri.html | title=The rise and rise of new gangs | date=28 March 2009 | access-date=1 December 2022 | archive-date=10 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310155622/https://www.smh.com.au/national/the-rise-and-rise-of-new-gangs-20141112-9eri.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2013, members of Sydney's [[Egyptian Australians|Egyptian]] community reported that the Muslim Brotherhood had opened an office in [[Western Sydney]], following the election and later overthrowing of Egyptian President Mursi, both of which caused protests in Sydney.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/muslim-brotherhood-active-in-australia-20130816-2s29s.html | title=Muslim Brotherhood active in Australia | date=16 August 2013 | access-date=1 December 2022 | archive-date=1 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201023816/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/muslim-brotherhood-active-in-australia-20130816-2s29s.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

====Indonesia====
{{Further|Prosperous Justice Party}}
Several parties and organizations in Indonesia are linked or at least inspired by the Muslim Brotherhood, although none have a formal relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood. One of the Muslim Brotherhood-linked parties is the [[Prosperous Justice Party|PKS]] (Prosperous Justice Party),<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=Sadanand Dhume |last=Dhume |first=Sadanand |date=1 December 2005 |title=Indonesian Democracy's Enemy Within |url=http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=6579 |website=YaleGlobal Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413003640/http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=6579 |archive-date=13 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bubalo |first1=Anthony |last2=Fealy |first2=Greg |title=Joining the Caravan? The Middle East, Islamism, and Indonesia |date=2005 |publisher=[[Lowy Institute|Lowy Institute for International Policy]] |location=[[Sydney]] |isbn=1921004118 |pages=viii–ix }}</ref> which gained 6.79% of votes in the [[2014 Indonesian legislative election|2014 legislative election]], down from 7.88% in the [[2009 Indonesian legislative election|2009 election]]. The PKS's relationship with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood was confirmed by [[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]], a prominent Muslim Brotherhood leader.<ref>{{cite book|last=Qaradhawi|first=DR. Yusuf|year=2001|title=Umat Islam Menyongsong Abad ke-21|publisher=Era Intermedia, Solo|isbn=979-9183-56-1|page=92}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=September 2017}}

====Malaysia====
The [[Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)]], the oldest and largest mainstream Islamist party in Malaysia, has close personal and ideological ties with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Müller|first1=Dominik M.|title=Islam, Politics and Youth in Malaysia: The Pop-Islamist Reinvention of PAS|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|location=[[Oxford]]|isbn=9780415844758|page=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tJD8AgAAQBAJ|access-date=23 April 2018|archive-date=30 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630113706/https://books.google.com/books?id=tJD8AgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Shukry|first1=Anisah|title=Muslim Brotherhood influence not a problem in Malaysia|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/%E2%80%98muslim-brotherhood-influence-not-problem-malaysia%E2%80%99|access-date=23 April 2018|work=[[The Edge (Malaysia)|The Edge]]|date=28 January 2016|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409213015/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/%E2%80%98muslim-brotherhood-influence-not-problem-malaysia%E2%80%99|url-status=live}}</ref> Founded in 1951, PAS's founders were exposed to the ideas and teachings while they were studying in Cairo during the 1940s. PAS was the main rival to the Malay nationalist [[United Malays National Organisation]], which dominated Malaysian politics until 2018. Due to changes in political situation created by Pakatan Harapan (PH)'s win in 2018 election, PAS has made [[Muafakat Nasional|a cooperation pact]] with UMNO in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=BERNAMA|date=2019-09-14|title=UMNO-PAS meterai Piagam Muafakat Nasional|url=https://www.bernama.com/bm/news.php?id=1767460|access-date=2021-09-20|website=BERNAMA|language=en|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407224808/https://www.bernama.com/bm/news.php?id=1767460|url-status=live}}</ref> Together with a former PH component party (BERSATU) both parties ultimately took over [[Government of Malaysia|the government]] during [[2020–21 Malaysian political crisis|2020–21 Malaysian political crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ram|first=Sadho|date=2020-02-23|title=PAS, UMNO, Bersatu, Amanah And 10 PKR MPs Said To Be Forming A New Coalition Govt|url=https://says.com/my/news/pas-umno-bersatu-amanah-and-10-pkr-mps-said-to-be-forming-a-new-coalition-govt|access-date=2021-09-20|website=SAYS|language=en|archive-date=11 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711024712/https://says.com/my/news/pas-umno-bersatu-amanah-and-10-pkr-mps-said-to-be-forming-a-new-coalition-govt|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the think tank [[Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs]]' CEO Wan Saiful Wan Jan, PAS is regarded by the Muslim Brotherhood as an electorally successful Islamic political party; PAS has governed the state of [[Kelantan]] since 2002. PAS representatives are often invited to Muslim Brotherhood speaking engagements overseas. In 2012, PAS President [[Abdul Hadi Awang]] spoke alongside Muslim Brotherhood scholar Sheikh [[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]] at a speaking event in London.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chew|first1=Amy|title=The rising force in Malaysia's opposition|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/02/201321092433869462.html|access-date=23 April 2018|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|date=11 February 2013|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808131650/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/02/201321092433869462.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2014, PAS leader Abdul Awang spoke out against Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates' decision to designate the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presiden.pas.org.my/v2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=450:pas-tegaskan-pendirian-bersama-ikhwanul-muslimin&catid=14:kenyataan-rasmi&Itemid=56|title=PAS tegaskan pendirian bersama Ikhwanul Muslimin|language=ms|publisher=PAS President|date=2 April 2014|access-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404045418/http://presiden.pas.org.my/v2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=450:pas-tegaskan-pendirian-bersama-ikhwanul-muslimin&catid=14:kenyataan-rasmi&Itemid=56|archive-date=4 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to Bubalo and Fealy, ''[[Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia]]'' (or the Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia) was inspired or influenced by the Muslim Brotherhood.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bubalo |first1=Anthony |last2=Fealy |first2=Greg |title=Joining the Caravan? The Middle East, Islamism, and Indonesia |date=2005 |publisher=[[Lowy Institute|Lowy Institute for International Policy]] |location=[[Sydney]] |isbn=1921004118 |pages=14–15}}</ref>

====New Zealand====
In 2016, [[Papanui]] ward candidate John Stringer alleged that a Muslim Brotherhood cell was active in northwestern [[Christchurch]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stringer |first1=John |title=Muslim Brotherhood Cell Active in NW Christchurch |url=https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK1609/S00956/muslim-brotherhood-cell-active-in-nw-christchurch.htm |publisher=[[Scoop (website)|Scoop]] |access-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201024140/https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK1609/S00956/muslim-brotherhood-cell-active-in-nw-christchurch.htm |archive-date=1 December 2022 |date=29 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====United States====
According to a 2004 article by ''[[The Washington Post]]'', U.S. Muslim Brotherhood supporters "make up the U.S. Islamic community's most organized force" by running hundreds of mosques and business ventures, promoting civic activities, and setting up American Islamic organizations to defend and promote Islam.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12823-2004Sep10.html|title=In Search of Friends Among the Foes|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=10 September 2004|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=28 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628210742/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12823-2004Sep10.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1963, the U.S. chapter of Muslim Brotherhood was started by activists involved with the [[Muslim Students Association]] (MSA).<ref name="WashingtonPost-Diverse" /> U.S. supporters of the Brotherhood also started other organizations including: [[North American Islamic Trust]] in 1971, the [[Islamic Society of North America]] in 1981, the [[American Muslim Council]] in 1990, the [[Muslim American Society]] in 1992 and the [[International Institute of Islamic Thought]] in the 1980s.<ref name="WashingtonPost-Diverse" /> In addition, according to ''An Explanatory Memorandum on the General Strategic Goal for the Group in North America'', the "Understanding of the Role of the Muslim Brotherhood in North America", and a relatively benign goal of the Muslim Brotherhood in North America is identified as the following:

<blockquote>Establishing an effective and a stable Islamic movement led by the Muslim Brotherhood which adopts Muslims' causes domestically and globally, and which works to expand the observant Muslim base, aims at unifying and directing Muslims' efforts, presents Islam as a civilization alternative, and supports the global Islamic state wherever it is.<ref name="q:Muslim Brotherhood">[[q:Muslim Brotherhood]]{{Circular reference|date=March 2023}}</ref><ref name=txnd>{{cite web |url=http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/judges/hlf2/09-25-08/Elbarasse%20Search%203.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Government Exhibit Elbarasse Search – 3, 3:04-CR-240-G, ''U.S. v. HLF, et al.''|language=ar|website=www.txnd.uscourts.gov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604010607/http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/judges/hlf2/09-25-08/Elbarasse%20Search%203.pdf |archive-date=4 June 2015}}</ref></blockquote>

<blockquote>The process of settlement is a 'Civilization-Jihadist Process' with all the word means. The Ikhwan [Muslim Brotherhood] must understand that their work in America is a kind of grand jihad in eliminating and destroying the Western civilization from within and 'sabotaging' its miserable house by their hands and the hands of the believers so that it is eliminated and God's religion [Islam] is made victorious over all other religions.<ref name="q:Muslim Brotherhood"/><ref name=txnd/></blockquote>

During the [[Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development#Terrorism charges|Holy Land Foundation trial]] in 2007, several documents pertaining to the Brotherhood were unsuccessful in convincing the courts that the Brotherhood was involved in subversive activities. In one, dated 1984 called "Ikhwan in America" (Brotherhood in America), the author alleges that the activities of the Muslim Brotherhood in the US include going to camps to do weapons training (referred to as ''special work'' by the Muslim Brotherhood),<ref name=NEFAFoundation>{{cite web|first=Zeid|last=al-Noman|url=http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/HLF/IkhwanAmerica.pdf|title=Ikhwan in America|pages=13, 16|access-date=28 September 2007|archive-date=6 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006065600/http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/HLF/IkhwanAmerica.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as engaging in [[counter-espionage]] against U.S. government agencies such as the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] and [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] (referred to as ''Securing the Group'').<ref name=NEFAFoundation/> Another (dated 1991) outlined a strategy for the Muslim Brotherhood in the United States that involved "eliminating and destroying the Western civilization from within".<ref name=nyt2011-07-31>{{cite news|last=Elliott|first=Andrea|author-link=Andrea Elliott|title=The Man Behind the Anti-Shariah Movement|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31shariah.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=9 August 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=30 July 2011|archive-date=5 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805124205/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31shariah.html?pagewanted=all|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Muslim Brotherhood in the United States|url=http://www.currenttrends.org/docLib/20090411_Merley.USBROTHERHOOD.pdf|access-date=28 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011182523/http://www.currenttrends.org/docLib/20090411_Merley.USBROTHERHOOD.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2011}}</ref><ref name=txnd />

<blockquote>Penned in May 1991 by a man named Mohamed Akram Adlouni, the 'Explanatory Memorandum on the General Strategic Goal for the Group in North America' was discovered during an FBI raid of a Virginia home in 2004. The document was admitted as an exhibit to the court during the 2007 Holy Land Foundation trial, in which that group was charged with laundering money. After the trial, the document became public. But, according to a 2009 opinion by the presiding judge, the memo was not considered 'supporting evidence' for that alleged money laundering scheme, nor any other conspiracy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bridge.georgetown.edu/civilization-jihad-debunking-the-conspiracy-theory/|title=Civilization Jihad: Debunking the Conspiracy Theory|website=Bridge Initiative Team|access-date=12 March 2017|date=26 February 2016|archive-date=14 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314152631/http://bridge.georgetown.edu/civilization-jihad-debunking-the-conspiracy-theory/|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>

The documents continue to be widely publicized in American conservative circles.<ref name=nyt2011-07-31/>

U.S. Congress attempts to pass legislation criminalizing the group, put forward by the 114th Congress, were defeated. The Bill, called the Muslim Brotherhood Terrorist Designation Act of 2015, was introduced to the [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|Senate Committee on Foreign Relations]] by Senator [[Ted Cruz]] (R-TX). In it the bill states that the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]] should designate the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization. If passed, the bill would have required the State Department to report to Congress within 60 days whether or not the group fits the criteria, and if it did not, to state which specific criteria it had not met.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/2230|title=S.2230 – Muslim Brotherhood Terrorist Designation Act of 2015|website=Congress.gov|date=3 November 2015|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress|access-date=9 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220081735/https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/2230|url-status=live}}</ref>

This bill came after a handful of foreign countries made similar moves in recent years including Egypt, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and others, and after, according to Cruz, recent evidence emerged suggesting that the group supports terrorism. The senator further alleged that the group's stated goal is to wage violent jihad against its enemies, which includes the United States, and the fact that the Obama administration has listed numerous group members on its terror list. Cruz further stated that the bill would "reject the fantasy that [the] parent institution [of the Muslim Brotherhood] is a political entity that is somehow separate from these violent activities".<ref name="Hattem">{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/259099-cruz-bill-would-designate-muslim-brotherhood-as-terrorist-group/|title=Cruz bill would designate Muslim Brotherhood as terrorist group|last=Hattem|first=Julian|date=4 November 2015|newspaper=The Hill|access-date=9 December 2016|archive-date=17 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617193201/https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/259099-cruz-bill-would-designate-muslim-brotherhood-as-terrorist-group|url-status=live}}</ref>

The bill identifies three Muslim Brotherhood entities in the U.S. including the [[Council on American–Islamic Relations|Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR)]], a non-profit group denounced by the UAE for its MB ties. The other two entities are [[Islamic Society of North America|the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA)]] and the [[North American Islamic Trust|North American Islamic Trust (NAIT)]].<ref name="counterjihadreport.com">{{cite web|url=https://counterjihadreport.com/tag/muslim-brotherhood-terrorist-designation-act/|title=Muslim Brotherhood Terrorist Designation Act {{!}} The Counter Jihad Report|website=counterjihadreport.com|access-date=9 December 2016|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417181403/https://counterjihadreport.com/tag/muslim-brotherhood-terrorist-designation-act/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

Conservatives in the Congress believe that the group is a breeding ground for radical Islam. Previous attempts were made in the previous year by Representative [[Michele Bachmann]] (R-MN), but it failed largely due to her allegation that [[Huma Abedin]], [[Hillary Clinton]]'s aide, had links to the organization, a statement which was dismissed by establishment Democrats and Republicans.<ref name="Hattem"/>

In February 2016, the [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|House Judiciary Committee]] approved the legislation in a 17 to 10 vote, which if enacted could increase grounds for enforcing criminal penalties and give permission to the [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of Treasury]] to block financial transactions and freeze assets of anyone who has showed material support for the group. Scholars against this classification claim that the group simply promotes Islamism, or the belief that society should be governed according to Islamic values and Sharia law.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-03-18/should-the-us-designate-the-muslim-brotherhood-as-a-terrorist-group|title=Should the U.S. Designate the Muslim Brotherhood as a Terrorist Group?|last=Lederman|first=Alexander|date=8 March 2016|work=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=9 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220094212/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-03-18/should-the-us-designate-the-muslim-brotherhood-as-a-terrorist-group|url-status=live}}</ref>

Past U.S. presidential administrations have examined whether to designate the Muslim Brotherhood as a Foreign Terrorist Organization and have decided not to do so.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/is-the-muslim-brotherhood-a-terrorist-organization-73576|title=Is the Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist organization?|website=The Conversation|date=10 March 2017|access-date=17 July 2017|archive-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824155041/http://theconversation.com/is-the-muslim-brotherhood-a-terrorist-organization-73576|url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[George W. Bush]] administration, the U.S. government investigated the Brotherhood and associated Islamist groups, but "after years of investigations, ... the U.S. and other governments, including Switzerland's, closed investigations of the Brotherhood leaders and financial group for lack of evidence, and removed most of the leaders from sanctions lists."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-muslimbrotherhood-idUSKBN15D0VV|title=Trump administration debates designating Muslim Brotherhood as terrorist group|work=Reuters|date=29 January 2017|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905095202/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-muslimbrotherhood-idUSKBN15D0VV|url-status=live}}</ref> The Obama administration was also pressured to designate the Brotherhood as a terrorist organization, but did not do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/petition-calls-for-white-house-to-declare-muslim-brotherhood-terrorist-group/|title=Petition calls for White House to declare Muslim Brotherhood terrorist group|first=Perry|last=Chiaramonte|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=4 August 2013|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-date=5 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705015218/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/08/04/petition-calls-for-white-house-to-declare-muslim-brotherhood-terrorists.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nyt-Baker">{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=7 February 2017 |title=White House Weighs Terrorist Designation for Muslim Brotherhood |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/07/world/middleeast/muslim-brotherhood-terrorism-trump.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=23 February 2017 |archive-date=5 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905234026/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/07/world/middleeast/muslim-brotherhood-terrorism-trump.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During the [[Donald Trump]] administration, there were serious steps towards designating the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-muslimbrotherhood/trump-weighs-labeling-muslim-brotherhood-a-terrorist-group-idUSKCN1S6159|title=Trump weighs labeling Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist group|work=Reuters|date=30 April 2019|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-date=5 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905191153/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-muslimbrotherhood/trump-weighs-labeling-muslim-brotherhood-a-terrorist-group-idUSKCN1S6159|url-status=live}}</ref>