Editing Moscow (section)

==Education==
{{Further|Education in Russia}}
[[File:МГУ, вид с воздуха.jpg|thumb|[[Moscow State University]]|alt=|left]]
There are 1,696 high schools in Moscow, as well as 91 colleges.<ref name="mosru-stats"/> Besides these, there are 222 institutions of higher education, including 60 state universities<ref name="mosru-stats"/> and the [[Moscow State University|Lomonosov Moscow State University]], which was founded in 1755.<ref name="msu-history">{{cite web |url=http://www.msu.ru/en/info/history.html |title=MSU History |publisher=Moscow State University |access-date=6 July 2006 |archive-date=2 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060702222014/http://www.msu.ru/en/info/history.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The main university building located in Vorobyovy Gory ([[Sparrow Hills]]) is {{convert|240|m|ft}} tall and when completed, was the tallest building on the continent.<ref>{{cite book |title=Is Progress Speeding Up?: Our Multiplying Multitudes of Blessings |last=Templeton |first=John Marks |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-890151-02-7 |page=99 |publisher=Templeton Foundation Press }}</ref> The university has over 30,000 [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]] and 7,000 [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] students, who have a choice of twenty-nine faculties and 450 departments for study. The Moscow State University library contains over nine million books, making it one of the largest libraries in all of Russia.

The [[I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University]] named after [[Ivan Sechenov]] or formerly known as [[Moscow Medical Academy]] (1stMSMU) is a medical university situated in Moscow, Russia. It was founded in 1785 as the faculty of the Moscow State University. It is a Russian Federal Agency for Health and Social Development. It is one of the largest medical universities in Russia and Europe. More than 9200 students are enrolled in 115 academic departments. It offers courses for post-graduate studies.

[[File:Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Frontal View.jpg|thumb|[[Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University]]|alt=|left]]

The [[Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University]] (formerly known as [[Russian State Medical University]]) is a medical higher education institution in Moscow, Russia founded in 1906. It is fully accredited and recognized by Russia's Ministry of Education and Science and is currently under the authority of the Ministry of Health and Social Development. Named after Russian surgeon and pedagogue [[Nikolay Pirogov|N.I. Pirogov]] (1810–1888), it is one of the largest medical institutions and the first university in Russia to allow women to acquire degrees.

Moscow is one of the financial centers of the [[Russian Federation]] and [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] countries and is known for its business schools. Among them are the [[Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation]]; [[Plekhanov Russian University of Economics]]; [[The State University of Management]], and the [[National Research University - Higher School of Economics]]. They offer undergraduate degrees in management, finance, accounting, marketing, real estate, and economic theory, as well as Masters programs and [[MBA]]s. Most of them have branches in other regions of Russia and countries around the world.
[[File:Moscow MSTU Bauman main building asv2021-08.jpg|thumb|The main building of the [[Bauman Moscow State Technical University]]]]
[[Bauman Moscow State Technical University]], founded in 1830, is located in the center of Moscow and provides 18,000 undergraduate and 1,000 postgraduate students with an education in science and engineering, offering technical degrees.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bmstu.ru/mstu/English |last=Fedorov |first=I.B. |publisher=МГТУ им.Н.Э.Баумана (Bauman Moscow State Technical University) |title=General (English) |access-date=6 July 2006 |archive-date=6 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060706130144/http://www.bmstu.ru/mstu/English/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Moscow 05-2017 img41 Conservatory.jpg|thumb|The [[Moscow Conservatory]] building|alt=|left]]

The [[Moscow Conservatory]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mosconsv.ru/ |title=The Official Site of the Moscow Conservatory |publisher=Mosconsv.ru |access-date=11 June 2012 |archive-date=15 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615213653/http://www.mosconsv.ru/ |url-status=live }}</ref> founded in 1866, is a prominent music school in Russia.
[[File:Vgik.jpg|thumb|The [[Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography|Russian State Institute of Cinematography]], the world's oldest<br />[[film school]]|alt=|left]]

The [[Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography|Gerasimov All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography]], abbreviated as VGIK, is the world's oldest educational institution in [[Cinematography]], founded by [[Vladimir Gardin]] in 1919.

[[Moscow State Institute of International Relations]], founded in 1944, remains Russia's best- known school of international relations and diplomacy, with six schools focused on international relations. Approximately 4,500 students make up the university's student body and over 700,000 Russian and foreign-language books—of which 20,000 are considered rare—can be found in the library of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mgimo.ru/showcontent.asp?UID={7F81DBB2-6EEE-4796-B2DF-7230433C5C41} |title=Facts and Figures |publisher=MGIMO (Moscow State Institute of International Relations) |access-date=6 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201220/http://www.mgimo.ru/showcontent.asp?UID=%7B7F81DBB2-6EEE-4796-B2DF-7230433C5C41%7D |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

Other institutions are the [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]], also known as [[Phystech]], the [[Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex]], founded in 1988 by Russian eye surgeon [[Svyatoslav Fyodorov]], the [[Moscow Aviation Institute]], the Moscow Motorway Institute (State Technical University), and the [[Moscow Engineering Physics Institute]]. [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]] has taught numerous [[Nobel Prize]] winners, including [[Pyotr Kapitsa]], [[Nikolay Semyonov]], [[Lev Landau]] and [[Alexander Prokhorov]], while the [[Moscow Engineering Physics Institute]] is known for its research in [[nuclear physics]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icra.it/Icranet/Members/struc_russia2.htm |title=Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI) |publisher=International Centre for Relativistic Astrophysics |access-date=4 August 2006 |archive-date=3 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703205759/http://www.icra.it/Icranet/Members/struc_russia2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The highest Russian military school is the [[Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation]].

Although Moscow has a number of famous Soviet-era higher educational institutions, most of which are more oriented towards engineering or the fundamental sciences, in recent years Moscow has seen a growth in the number of commercial and private institutions that offer classes in business and management. Many state institutions have expanded their education scope and introduced new courses or departments. Institutions in Moscow, as well as the rest of post-Soviet Russia, have begun to offer new international certificates and postgraduate degrees, including the [[Master of Business Administration]]. [[Student exchange program]]s with numerous countries, specially with the rest of Europe, have also become widespread in Moscow's universities, while schools within the Russian capital also offer seminars, lectures, and courses for corporate employees and businessmen.
[[File:Moscow 1152 (14384525084).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Russian Academy of Sciences]]]]
Moscow is one of the largest science centers in Russia. The headquarters of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]] are located in Moscow as well as research and applied science institutions. The [[Kurchatov Institute]], Russia's leading research and development institution in the fields of nuclear energy, where the first [[nuclear reactor]] in Europe was built, the [[Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics]], [[Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics]], [[Institute for Physical Problems|Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems]] and [[Steklov Institute of Mathematics]] are all situated in Moscow.

There are 452 libraries in the city, including 168 for children.<ref name="mosru-stats"/> The [[Russian State Library]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rsl.ru/index.php?lang=en |title=The official homepage of the Russian State Library |publisher=Rsl.ru |access-date=11 June 2012 |archive-date=17 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717065412/http://www.rsl.ru/index.php?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> founded in 1862, is the national library of Russia. The library is home to over {{cvt|275|km|0}} of shelves and 42 million items, including over 17 million books and serial volumes, 13 million journals, 350,000 music scores and sound records, and 150,000 maps, making it the largest library in Russia and one of the largest in the world. Items in 247 languages account for 29% of the collection.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://leninka.ru/index.php?doc=950 |script-title=ru:Краткая статистическая справка |publisher=Russian State Library |access-date=4 August 2006 |date=1 January 2006 |language=ru |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183703/http://leninka.ru/index.php?doc=950 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://rsl.ru/index.php?f=2 |title=Stacks |publisher=The Russian State Library |access-date=4 August 2006 |archive-date=20 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920133805/https://www.rsl.ru/index.php?f=2 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The State Public Historical Library, founded in 1863, is the largest library specialising in [[Russian history]]. Its collection contains four million items in 112 languages, mostly on Russian and world history, [[heraldry]], [[numismatics]], and the [[history of science]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shpl.ru/shpage.php?menu=1&h=le |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823161550/http://www.shpl.ru/shpage.php?menu=1&h=le |url-status=dead |title=Official site of the State Public Historical Library |archive-date=23 August 2006 }}</ref>

In regard to primary and secondary education, in 2011, [[Clifford J. Levy]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote, "Moscow has some strong public schools, but the system as a whole is dispiriting, in part because it is being corroded by the corruption that is a post-Soviet scourge. Parents often pay bribes to get their children admitted to better public schools. There are additional payoffs for good grades."<ref name="Levy1">{{cite news |first=Clifford J. |last=Levy |author-link=Clifford J. Levy |title=My Family's Experiment in Extreme Schooling |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 September 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/18/magazine/my-familys-experiment-in-extreme-schooling.html?pagewanted=all |access-date=21 May 2012 |archive-date=25 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225205215/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/18/magazine/my-familys-experiment-in-extreme-schooling.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=live }}</ref>