Editing Manhattan (section)

====Public transportation====
[[File:Grand Central Station Main Concourse Jan 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Grand Central Terminal]], a [[National Historic Landmark]]]]
[[File:NYC Downtown Manhattan Skyline seen from Paulus Hook 2019-12-20 IMG 7347 FRD.jpg|thumb|Ferries departing [[Battery Park City Ferry Terminal]] and helicopters flying above Manhattan]]
[[File:Staten Island Ferry-Battery Park-2012.jpg|thumb|The [[Staten Island Ferry]], seen from [[the Battery (Manhattan)|the Battery]], crosses [[Upper New York Bay]], providing free public transportation between [[Staten Island]] and Manhattan.]]
Manhattan is unique in the U.S. for intense use of [[public transport]]ation and lack of private car ownership. While 88% of Americans nationwide drive to their jobs, with only 5% using public transport, [[mass transit]] is the dominant form of travel for residents of Manhattan, with 72% of borough residents using public transport to get to work, while only 18% drove.<ref>[http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/executive_summary.html Highlights of the 2001 National Household Travel Survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002070118/http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/executive_summary.html |date=October 2, 2006 }}, [[Bureau of Transportation Statistics]], [[United States Department of Transportation]]. Accessed May 21, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/transportation/td_fullpedlosb.pdf "New York City Pedestrian Level of Service Study&nbsp;– Phase I, 2006"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615164222/http://home2.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/transportation/td_fullpedlosb.pdf |date=June 15, 2007 }}, [[New York City Department of City Planning]], April 2006, p. 4. Accessed May 17, 2007. "In the year 2000, 88% of workers over 16 years old in the U.S. used a car, truck or van to commute to work, while approximately 5% used public transportation and 3% walked to work.... In Manhattan, the borough with the highest population density (66,940 people/sq mi. in year 2000; 1,564,798 inhabitants) and concentration of business and tourist destinations, only 18% of the working population drove to work in 2000, while 72% used public transportation and 8% walked."</ref> According to the 2000 United States Census, 77.5% of Manhattan households do not own a car.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tstc.org/reports/cpsheets/Manhattan_factsheet.pdf |title=Manhattan |publisher=TSTC.org |access-date=September 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723211344/http://www.tstc.org/reports/cpsheets/Manhattan_factsheet.pdf |archive-date=July 23, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Congestion pricing was [[Congestion pricing in New York City|implemented in New York City]] in January 2025 and apply to most motor vehicular traffic using the [[central business district]] area of Manhattan south of [[60th Street (Manhattan)|60th Street]], in an effort to encourage commuters to use mass transit instead.<ref name=ManhattanCongestionPricing>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/04/nyregion/congestion-pricing-nyc.html|title=Welcome to the Congestion Zone: New York Toll Program Is Set to Begin|author=Winnie Hu and Ana Ley|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 4, 2025|access-date=January 4, 2025}}</ref>

The [[New York City Subway]], the largest [[Rapid transit|subway]] system in the world by number of stations, is the primary means of travel within the city, linking every borough except Staten Island. There are [[List of New York City Subway stations in Manhattan|151 subway stations in Manhattan]], out of the {{NYCS const|number|total}} stations.<ref>{{NYCS const|map}}</ref> A second subway, the [[PATH (rail system)|PATH]] system, connects [[List of PATH stations|six stations in Manhattan]] to northern [[New Jersey]]. Passengers pay fares with pay-per-ride [[MetroCard]]s, which are valid on all city buses and subways, as well as on PATH trains.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/metrocard/mcgtreng.htm|title=Fares & MetroCard|work=NYC Subway System|access-date=September 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915224327/http://web.mta.info/metrocard/mcgtreng.htm|archive-date=September 15, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/path/fares.html|title=PATH Fares|publisher=[[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]|access-date=March 6, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711125203/http://www.panynj.gov/path/fares.html|archive-date=July 11, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> [[regional rail|Commuter rail]] services operating to and from Manhattan are the [[Long Island Rail Road]] (LIRR), which connects Manhattan and other New York City boroughs to [[Long Island]]; the [[Metro-North Railroad]], which connects Manhattan to Upstate New York and Southwestern Connecticut; and [[NJ Transit]] trains, which run to various points in New Jersey.

The US$11.1&nbsp;billion [[East Side Access]] project, which brings LIRR trains to [[Grand Central Terminal]], opened in 2023; this project utilized a pre-existing train tunnel beneath the [[East River]], connecting the [[East Side (Manhattan)|East Side]] of Manhattan with [[Long Island City, Queens]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Siff | first=Andrew | title=MTA Megaproject to Cost Almost $1B More Than Prior Estimate | website=NBC New York | date=April 16, 2018 | url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/East-Side-Access-MTA-Project-Cost-Infrastructure-479628223.html | access-date=April 16, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417024310/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/East-Side-Access-MTA-Project-Cost-Infrastructure-479628223.html | archive-date=April 17, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Castillo | first=Alfonso A. | title=East Side Access price tag now stands at $11.2B | website=Newsday | date=April 15, 2018 | url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/east-side-access-tour-1.18020231 | access-date=April 16, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415065109/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/east-side-access-tour-1.18020231 | archive-date=April 15, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Four multi-billion-dollar projects were completed in the mid-2010s: the $1.4&nbsp;billion [[Fulton Center]] in November 2014,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yee|first1=Vivian|title=Out of Dust and Debris, a New Jewel Rises|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/10/nyregion/fulton-center-a-subway-complex-reopens-in-lower-manhattan.html |access-date=February 16, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=November 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424045156/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/10/nyregion/fulton-center-a-subway-complex-reopens-in-lower-manhattan.html |archive-date=April 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> the $2.4&nbsp;billion [[7 Subway Extension]] in September 2015,<ref>{{cite news |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |title=Subway Station for 7 Line Opens on Far West Side |website=The New York Times |date=September 10, 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/14/nyregion/no-7-subway-station-far-west-side-manhattan.html |access-date=September 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914231924/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/14/nyregion/no-7-subway-station-far-west-side-manhattan.html |archive-date=September 14, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> the $4&nbsp;billion [[World Trade Center Transportation Hub]] in March 2016,<ref>{{cite web | last=Lorenzetti | first=Laura | title=The World's Most Expensive Train Station Opens Today | website=Fortune | date=March 3, 2016 | url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/03/most-expensive-train-station/ | access-date=December 20, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925073559/http://fortune.com/2016/03/03/most-expensive-train-station/ | archive-date=September 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Verrill | first=Courtney | title=New York City's $4 billion World Trade Center Transportation Hub is finally open to the public | website=Business Insider | date=March 4, 2016 | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-new-world-center-transportation-hub-2016-3 | access-date=December 20, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221180813/http://www.businessinsider.com/the-new-world-center-transportation-hub-2016-3 | archive-date=February 21, 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref> and Phase 1 of the $4.5&nbsp;billion [[Second Avenue Subway]] in January 2017.<ref>{{cite web | last=McCowan | first=Candace | title=Decades in the making, Second Avenue Subway set to open to the public | website=ABC7 New York | date=December 31, 2016 | url=http://abc7ny.com/news/decades-in-the-making-second-avenue-subway-set-to-open-to-the-public/1680811/ | access-date=January 1, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428024658/https://abc7ny.com/news/decades-in-the-making-second-avenue-subway-set-to-open-to-the-public/1680811/ | archive-date=April 28, 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last1=Fitzsimmons | first1=Emma G. | last2=Wolfe | first2=Jonathan | title=Second Avenue Subway Opening: What to Know | website=The New York Times | date=January 1, 2017 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/nyregion/second-avenue-subway-opening-upper-east-side-manhattan.html | access-date=January 1, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101195614/http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/nyregion/second-avenue-subway-opening-upper-east-side-manhattan.html | archive-date=January 1, 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[New York City Transit Authority|MTA New York City Transit]] offers a wide variety of local buses within Manhattan under the brand [[New York City Bus]]. An extensive network of express bus routes serves commuters and other travelers heading into Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite NYC bus map|M}}</ref> The bus system served 784&nbsp;million passengers citywide in 2011, placing the bus system's ridership as the highest in the nation, and more than double the ridership of the second-place Los Angeles system.<ref>[http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffbus.htm Bus Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121152245/http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffbus.htm |date=January 21, 2020 }}, [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]. Accessed July 15, 2016.</ref>

The [[Roosevelt Island Tramway]], one of two commuter [[aerial tramway|cable car]] systems in North America, takes commuters between [[Roosevelt Island]] and Manhattan Island in less than five minutes, and has been serving the island since 1978.<ref>Lee, Jennifer 8. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/19/nyregion/19roosevelt.html "Midair Rescue Lifts Passengers From Stranded East River Tram"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102013419/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/19/nyregion/19roosevelt.html |date=January 2, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', April 19, 2006. Accessed February 28, 2008. "The system, which calls itself the only aerial commuter tram in the country, has been featured in movies including ''City Slickers'', starring Billy Crystal; ''Nighthawks'', with Sylvester Stallone; and ''Spider-Man'' in 2002."</ref><ref>[http://www.rioc.com/thetram.htm The Roosevelt Island Tram], [[Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation]]. Accessed April 30, 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928212116/http://www.rioc.com/thetram.htm |date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref>

The [[Staten Island Ferry]], which runs 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, annually carries over 21&nbsp;million passengers on the {{convert|5.2|mi|km|adj=on}} run between Manhattan and Staten Island. Each weekday, five vessels transport about 65,000 passengers on 109 boat trips.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/statfery.shtml#facts Facts About the Ferry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225165310/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/statfery.shtml#facts |date=December 25, 2019 }}, [[New York City Department of Transportation]]. Accessed August 28, 2012. "On a typical weekday, five boats make 109 trips, carrying approximately 65,000 passengers. During rush hours, the ferry runs on a four-boat schedule, with 15 minutes between departures."</ref><ref>[http://www.nyccouncil.info/pdf_files/reports/siferry.pdf An Assessment of Staten Island Ferry Service and Recommendations for Improvement] (PDF), [[New York City Council]], November 2004. Accessed April 28, 2007. "Of the current fleet of seven vessels, five boats make 104 trips on a typical weekday schedule". {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821172158/http://www.nyccouncil.info/pdf_files/reports/siferry.pdf |date=August 21, 2013 }}</ref> The ferry has been fare-free since 1997.<ref>Holloway, Lynette. [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/29/nyregion/mayor-to-end-50-cent-fare-on-si-ferry.html "Mayor to End 50-Cent Fare On S.I. Ferry"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030183209/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/29/nyregion/mayor-to-end-50-cent-fare-on-si-ferry.html |date=October 30, 2019 }}, ''The New York Times'', April 29, 1997. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani said yesterday that he would eliminate the 50-cent fare on the Staten Island Ferry starting July 4, saying people who live outside Manhattan should not have to pay extra to travel."</ref> In February 2015, Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] announced that the city government would begin [[NYC Ferry]] to extend ferry transportation to traditionally underserved communities in the city.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/16/nyregion/new-york-city-ferry-service.html|title=De Blasio's $325 Million Ferry Push: Rides to 5 Boroughs, at Subway Price|last=Mcgeehan|first=Patrick|date=June 15, 2016|access-date=June 28, 2016|issn=0362-4331|newspaper=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622004714/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/16/nyregion/new-york-city-ferry-service.html|archive-date=June 22, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nbcny-hornblower">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/New-York-City-Citywide-Ferry-Service-Hornblower-2017-372257472.html|title=New York City's Ferry Service Set to Launch in 2017|work=NBC New York|date=March 16, 2016 |access-date=May 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510015020/http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/New-York-City-Citywide-Ferry-Service-Hornblower-2017-372257472.html|archive-date=May 10, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The first routes of NYC Ferry opened in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|title=NYC launches ferry service with Queens, East River routes|date=May 1, 2017|website=NY Daily News|agency=Associated Press|access-date=May 1, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501154444/http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|archive-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/nyregion/new-york-today-citywide-ferry-service-begins.html|title=New York Today: Our City's New Ferry|last1=Levine|first1=Alexandra S.|date=May 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 1, 2017|last2=Wolfe|first2=Jonathan|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501105006/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/nyregion/new-york-today-citywide-ferry-service-begins.html|archive-date=May 1, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> All of the system's routes have termini in Manhattan, and the Lower East Side and Soundview routes also have intermediate stops on the East River.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ferry.nyc/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Map.pdf|title=Route Map|date=2017|publisher=NYC Ferry|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628005559/https://www.ferry.nyc/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Map.pdf|archive-date=June 28, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Port-authority-terminal.jpg|thumb|The [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]], at [[Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)|Eighth Avenue]] and [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]], is the world's busiest bus station.<ref name=Record2021/><ref name=PABT2008/>]]
The metro region's commuter rail lines converge at [[New York Penn Station]] and [[Grand Central Terminal]], on the west and east sides of Midtown Manhattan, respectively. They are the two busiest rail stations in the United States. About one-third of users of mass transit and two-thirds of railway passengers in the country live in New York and its suburbs.<ref>[http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm The MTA Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603102032/http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm |date=June 3, 2019 }}, [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]. Accessed November 20, 2016.</ref> [[Amtrak]] provides inter-city passenger rail service from Penn Station to [[Boston]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Baltimore]], and Washington, D.C.; [[Upstate New York]] and [[New England]]; cross-Canadian border service to [[Toronto]] and [[Montreal]]; and destinations in the [[Southern United States|Southern]] and [[Midwestern United States]].

The [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]] is the city's main [[intercity bus]] terminal and the world's busiest bus station. It serves 250,000 passengers on 7,000 buses each workday in a 1950 building designed to accommodate 60,000 daily passengers. A 2021 plan announced by the Port Authority would spend $10 billion to expand capacity and modernize the facility.<ref name=PABT2008>[https://www.panynj.gov/port-authority/en/press-room/press-release-archives/2008_press_releases/architect_chosenforplannedofficetoweraboveportauthoritybustermin.html Architect Chosen for Planned Office Tower Above Port Authority Bus Terminal's North Wing], [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]], dated November 17, 2008. Accessed January 4, 2024. "The Port Authority Bus Terminal opened in 1950 and has become the busiest bus passenger facility in the world, handling 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters each day. It includes 223 bus gates, retail and commercial space, and public parking for 1,250 vehicles."</ref><ref name=NYT2021>McGeehan, Patrick; and Hu, Winnie. [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/nyregion/port-authority-bus-terminal.html "'Notorious' Port Authority Bus Terminal May Get a $10 Billion Overhaul"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 21, 2021, updated September 23, 2021. Accessed January 4, 2024. "The bus terminal plan, which has been in the works for more than seven contentious years, would cost as much as $10 billion and could take a decade to complete.... More than 250,000 people passed through it on a typical weekday before the pandemic, according to the Port Authority.... The bus terminal, a brick hulk perched at the mouth of the Lincoln Tunnel, has long exceeded its capacity — when it opened in late 1950, it was expected to handle 60,000 passengers a day."</ref><ref name=Record2021>Wilson, Colleen. [https://www.northjersey.com/in-depth/news/transportation/2021/06/30/port-authority-bus-terminal-replacement-meet-commuter-needs/7685645002/ "Port Authority Bus Terminal was once a marvel. Will the next one meet commuters' needs?"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', June 30, 2021. Accessed January 4, 2024. "Becoming the busiest bus terminal in the world doesn't happen without also bearing the brunt of blame every time a commute goes horribly wrong — deserved or otherwise.... The popularity of bus commuting over the Hudson River has steadily risen over the last seven decades, with some 260,000 people a day coming through the terminal pre-pandemic.... A more efficient terminal should improve some of the delays through the Lincoln Tunnel and exclusive bus lane (XBL), the dedicated lane in the morning that converges all buses into a single lane from I-495 into the Lincoln Tunnel from New Jersey."</ref> In 2024, the Port Authority announced plans for a new terminal that would be completed by 2032 and include a pair of office buildings to defray the costs of the project.<ref>McGeehan, Patrick. [https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/01/nyregion/port-authority-bus-terminal-replacement.html "A Look at the $10 Billion Design for a New Port Authority Bus Terminal The Port Authority unveiled a revised design for a replacement of the much-reviled transit hub, which opened in 1950."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 1, 2024. Accessed February 9, 2024. "Instead of the dismal, brick hulk that has darkened two full blocks of Midtown Manhattan for more than 70 years, there would be a bright, modern transit hub topped by two office towers.... Construction is expected to take eight years, he said, meaning the project could be completed by 2032.... The revised plan eliminates those structures but includes a pair of office towers that could be more than 60 stories tall on Eighth Avenue at the corners of 40th and 42nd Streets. Payments from the developers of those buildings would help cover the cost of the project, Mr. Cotton said."</ref>