Editing Lung (section)

=== Reptiles ===
{{Main|Reptile anatomy#Respiratory system}}
The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs. These pockets are similar to alveoli in mammals, but much larger and fewer in number. These give the lung a sponge-like texture. In [[tuatara]]s, [[snake]]s, and some [[lizard]]s, the lungs are simpler in structure, similar to that of typical amphibians.<ref name=VB />

Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. [[Amphisbaenian]]s, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung.<ref name=VB />

Both [[Crocodylia|crocodilians]] and [[Monitor Lizard|monitor lizards]] have lungs similar to those of birds, providing a unidirectional airflow and even possessing air sacs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Unidirectional airflow in the lungs of birds, crocs…and now monitor lizards!?|url=http://svpow.com/2013/12/11/unidirectional-airflow-in-the-lungs-of-birds-crocs-and-now-monitor-lizards/|website=Sauropod Vertebra picture of the week|access-date=9 February 2016|date=2013-12-11}}</ref> The now extinct [[Pterosauria|pterosaurs]] have seemingly even further refined this type of lung, extending the airsacs into the wing membranes and, in the case of [[Lonchodectidae|lonchodectids]], ''[[Tupuxuara]]'', and [[Azhdarchoidea|azhdarchoids]], the hindlimbs.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Claessens|first1=Leon P.A.M.|last2=O'Connor|first2=Patrick M.|last3=Unwin|first3=David M.|last4=Sereno|first4=Paul|title=Respiratory Evolution Facilitated the Origin of Pterosaur Flight and Aerial Gigantism|journal=PLOS ONE|date=18 February 2009|volume=4|issue=2|pages=e4497|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004497|pmid=19223979|pmc=2637988|bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.4497C|doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[Reptile|Reptilian]] lungs typically receive air via expansion and contraction of the ribs driven by [[axial skeleton|axial muscles]] and buccal pumping. [[Crocodilian]]s also rely on the [[hepatic]] piston method, in which the liver is pulled back by a muscle anchored to the [[pubis (bone)|pubic bone]] (part of the pelvis) called the diaphragmaticus,<ref name="Munns">{{cite journal|last1=Munns |first1=SL |last2=Owerkowicz |first2=T |last3=Andrewartha |first3=SJ |last4=Frappell |first4=PB |title=The accessory role of the diaphragmaticus muscle in lung ventilation in the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus|journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology|date=1 March 2012|volume=215|issue=Pt 5|pages=845–852|pmid=22323207|doi=10.1242/jeb.061952|doi-access=free}}</ref> which in turn creates negative pressure in the crocodile's thoracic cavity, allowing air to be moved into the lungs by [[Boyle's law]]. [[Turtle]]s, which are unable to move their ribs, instead use their forelimbs and [[pectoral girdle]] to force air in and out of the lungs.<ref name=VB />