Editing Loudspeaker (section)

====Plasma arc speakers====
{{Main|Plasma speaker}}
[[File:Moeller Plasma.jpg|thumb|upright|Plasma speaker]]

[[Plasma arc loudspeaker]]s use electrical [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]] as a radiating element. Since plasma has minimal mass, but is charged and therefore can be manipulated by an [[electric field]], the result is a very linear output at frequencies far higher than the audible range. Problems of maintenance and reliability for this approach tend to make it unsuitable for mass market use. In 1978 Alan E. Hill of the Air Force Weapons Laboratory in Albuquerque, NM, designed the [[Plasmatronics]] Hill Type I, a tweeter whose plasma was generated from [[helium]] gas.<ref name="nutshellhifi">[http://www.nutshellhifi.com/library/speaker-design1.html Hill Plasmatronics] described. Retrieved March 26, 2007.</ref> This avoided the [[ozone]] and [[NOx]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://massless.info/images/NOxinplasmareactors.pdf| title=NOx production in plasma reactors by pulsed spark discharges, J.Phys, 2020}}</ref> produced by [[Radio frequency|RF]] decomposition of air in an earlier generation of plasma tweeters made by the pioneering DuKane Corporation, who produced the Ionovac (marketed as the Ionofane in the UK) during the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radiomuseum.org/r/dukanecorp_ionovac_plasma_tweeter_14a435a.html |title=Ionovac Plasma Tweeter |website=RadioMuseum.org |access-date=October 12, 2021 }}</ref>

A less expensive variation on this theme is the use of a flame for the driver, as flames contain ionized (electrically charged) gases.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://deramp.com/swtpc.com/PopularElectronics/May1968/Flame_Amplification.htm |title=Flame Amplification and a Better Hi-Fi Loudspeaker? |via=DerAmp.com |magazine=Popular Electronics |publication-date=May 1968 |access-date=October 12, 2021 }}</ref>