Editing Lithuania (section)

===Music===
{{Main|Music of Lithuania}}
{{See also|Lithuanian folk music}}
{{multiple image
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| footer = Lithuanians dancing at ''Skamba skamba kankliai'' festival and singing at [[Lithuanian Song Festival|Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival]] in [[Vingis Park]]
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| image1 = Skamba skamba kankliai 2010 - 12.jpg
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Lithuanian folk music belongs to [[Baltic languages|Baltic]] music branch which is connected with [[Neolithic]] [[corded ware]] culture. Two instrument cultures meet in the areas inhabited by Lithuanians: stringed ([[Kanklės|kanklių]]) and wind instrument cultures. Lithuanian folk music is archaic, mostly used for ritual purposes, containing elements of [[paganism]] faith. There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions: [[monophony]], [[heterophony]] and [[polyphony]]. Folk song genres: Sutartinės (Multipart Songs),<ref>{{cite web|title=Sutartinės, Lithuanian multipart songs|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/sutartines-lithuanian-multipart-songs-00433|website=ich.unesco.org|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=8 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208020335/https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/sutartines-lithuanian-multipart-songs-00433|url-status=live}}</ref> Wedding Songs, War-Historical Time Songs, Calendar Cycle and Ritual Songs and Work Songs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anthology of Lithuanian ethnoculture|url=http://www.lnkc.lt/eknygos/eka/|website=Lnkc.lt|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222324/http://www.lnkc.lt/eknygos/eka/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Italian artists organized the first [[opera]] in Lithuania on 4 September 1636 at the [[Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania|Palace of the Grand Dukes]] by the order of [[Władysław IV Vasa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Operos dieną Valdovų rūmuose vainikuos pasaulinis šedevras – K. Monteverdžio opera "Orfėjas"|url=http://valdovurumai.lt/aktualijos/claudio-monteverdi-opera-orfejas-lorfeo|website=valdovurumai.lt|access-date=7 September 2015|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060834/https://www.valdovurumai.lt/aktualijos/claudio-monteverdi-opera-orfejas-lorfeo}}</ref> Currently, operas are staged at the [[Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre]] and also by independent troupe [[Vilnius City Opera]].

[[File:Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis photo portrait.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Painter and composer [[Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis|M.K. Čiurlionis]]]]
[[Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis]] was a Lithuanian painter and composer. During his short life he created about 200 pieces of music. His works have influenced modern Lithuanian culture. His [[symphonic poem]]s ''In the Forest'' (''Miške'') and ''The Sea'' (''Jūra'') were performed only [[Posthumous work|posthumously]]. Čiurlionis contributed to symbolism and art nouveau and was representative of the fin de siècle epoch. He has been considered one of the pioneers of abstract art in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Painting {{!}} M. K. Čiurlionis|url=http://ciurlionis.eu/en/painting/|website=ciurlionis.eu|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222149/http://ciurlionis.eu/en/painting/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In Lithuania, [[choral music]] is important. [[Vilnius]] is the only city with three choirs laureates (Brevis, Jauna Muzika and Chamber Choir of the Conservatoire) at the [[European Grand Prix for Choral Singing]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Murauskaitė |first1=Rasa |title=Trys meilės chorui dešimtmečiai. Pokalbis su Vaclovu Augustinu |url=https://www.15min.lt/kultura/naujiena/muzika/trys-meiles-chorui-desimtmeciai-pokalbis-su-vaclovu-augustinu-284-1207238 |website=[[15min.lt]] |access-date=31 October 2019 |language=lt |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417174122/https://www.15min.lt/kultura/naujiena/muzika/trys-meiles-chorui-desimtmeciai-pokalbis-su-vaclovu-augustinu-284-1207238 |url-status=live}}</ref> There is a long-standing tradition of the ''Dainų šventė'' ([[Lithuanian Song Festival|Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival]]). The first one took place in [[Kaunas]] in 1924. Since 1990, the festival has been organised every four years and summons roughly 30,000 singers and folk dancers of various professional levels and age groups from across the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuanian Song Festival|url=http://www.dainusvente.lt/en/history/|website=DainuSvente.lt|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=11 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213024/https://www.dainusvente.lt/en/history/}}</ref> In 2008, Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival together with its [[Latvian Song and Dance Festival|Latvian]] and [[Estonian Song Festival|Estonian]] versions was inscribed as UNESCO [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|date=2005|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|page=50|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001473/147344e.pdf|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=17 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617201025/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001473/147344e.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Gatvės muzikos diena'' (Street Music Day) gathers musicians of various genres annually.<ref>{{cite web|title=Street Music Day|url=http://gmd.lt/en|website=gmd.lt|access-date=10 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311021339/http://gmd.lt/en|archive-date=11 March 2018}}</ref>

Modern classical composers emerged in seventies – [[Bronius Kutavičius]], {{ill|Feliksas Bajoras|lt}}, [[Osvaldas Balakauskas]], [[Onutė Narbutaitė]], [[Vidmantas Bartulis]] and others. Most of those composers explored archaic Lithuanian music and its harmonic combination with modern minimalism and neoromanticism.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Modern Music of Lithuania: Past & Present|url=http://www.mic.lt/en/database/classical/history/|website=Mic.lt|access-date=25 March 2018|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627234436/https://www.mic.lt/en/database/classical/history/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Jazz scene was active even during the years of Soviet occupation. In 1970–71 the Ganelin/Tarasov/Chekasin trio established the Vilnius Jazz School.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jazz in Lithuania|url=http://www.vilniusjazz.lt/press/99jil.php|website=Vilniusjazz.lt|access-date=25 March 2018|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227190616/http://www.vilniusjazz.lt/press/99jil.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Most known annual events are [[Vilnius Jazz Festival]], [[Kaunas Jazz]], Birštonas Jazz.
[[Music Information Centre Lithuania]] (MICL) collects, promotes and shares information on Lithuanian musical culture.

====Rock and protest music====
{{Main|Rock music in Lithuania}}
[[File:Antis rock band on stage during the first edition of the Rock March (Vilnius, Lithuania, 1987).jpg|thumb|Rock band [[Antis (band)|Antis]], which under firm [[Censorship in the Soviet Union|censorship]] actively mocked the [[Soviet Union]] regime by using [[metaphor]]s in their lyrics, during an [[anti-Sovietism]], [[anti-communism]] concert in 1987]]
After the [[Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)|Soviet reoccupation of Lithuania in 1944]], the [[Censorship in the Soviet Union|Soviet's censorship]] continued firmly controlling all artistic expressions in Lithuania, and any violations by criticizing the regime would immediately result in punishments.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sinitsyna|first1=Olga|title=CENSORSHIP IN THE SOVIET UNION AND ITS CULTURAL AND PROFESSIONAL RESULTS FOR ARTS AND ART LIBRARIES|date=1999|url=https://forge.fh-potsdam.de/~IFLA/INSPEL/99-1sino.pdf|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308143445/https://forge.fh-potsdam.de/~IFLA/INSPEL/99-1sino.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The first local rock bands started to emerge around 1965 and included ''Kertukai'', ''Aitvarai'' and ''Nuogi ant slenksčio'' in Kaunas, and [[Kęstutis Antanėlis]], ''Vienuoliai'', and ''Gėlių Vaikai'' in Vilnius, among others. Unable to express their opinions directly, the Lithuanian artists began organizing patriotic [[Roko maršas|Roko Maršai]] and were using [[metaphor]]s in their songs' lyrics, which were easily identified for their true meanings by the locals.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tilvikaitė|first1=Patricija|title=Ir lietuviškas rokas padėjo Lietuvai atkurti Nepriklausomybę|url=http://www.universitetozurnalistas.kf.vu.lt/2016/08/ir-lietuviskas-rokas-padejo-lietuvai-atkurti-nepriklausomybe/|website=Universitetozurnalistas.kf.vu.lt|access-date=23 August 2016|language=lt|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222325/http://www.universitetozurnalistas.kf.vu.lt/2016/08/ir-lietuviskas-rokas-padejo-lietuvai-atkurti-nepriklausomybe/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A. Mamontovas: "Roko maršai" buvo toks įrankis, koks dabar yra internetas|url=http://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/mamontovas-roko-marsai-buvo-toks-irankis-koks-dabar-yra-internetas-801615|website=Kauno diena / LRT|date=12 March 2017|access-date=12 March 2017|language=lt|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627235041/https://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/mamontovas-roko-marsai-buvo-toks-irankis-koks-dabar-yra-internetas-801615|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Postmodernist]] [[Rock music|rock]] band [[Antis (band)|Antis]] and its vocalist [[Algirdas Kaušpėdas]] were one of the most active performers who mocked the Soviet regime by using metaphors. For example, in the song ''Zombiai'' (Zombies), the band indirectly sang about the [[Red Army]] soldiers who occupied the state and its military base in [[Ukmergė]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukmergės karinis miestelis|url=http://www.autc.lt/lt/architekturos-objektai/1558|website=Autc.lt|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222917/http://www.autc.lt/lt/architekturos-objektai/1558}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Knyga "Antiška" (II dalis): iki "Anties" lietuviai nežinojo, kas yra zombis (ištrauka, video)|url=https://kultura.lrytas.lt/literatura/knyga-antiska-ii-dalis-iki-anties-lietuviai-nezinojo-kas-yra-zombis-istrauka-video.htm|website=[[Lrytas.lt]]|access-date=29 July 2013|language=lt-LT|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222913/https://kultura.lrytas.lt/literatura/knyga-antiska-ii-dalis-iki-anties-lietuviai-nezinojo-kas-yra-zombis-istrauka-video.htm}}</ref> [[Vytautas Kernagis]]' song ''Kolorado vabalai'' ([[Colorado potato beetle|Colorado beetles]]) was also a favourite due to its lyrics in which true meaning of the Colorado beetles was intended to be the Soviets decorated with the [[Ribbon of Saint George|Ribbons of Saint George]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bacanskas|first1=Benas|title=Dainos teatras – Kolorado vabalai (1991-12-25)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDLmyqENH3U| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809142047/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDLmyqENH3U| archive-date=9 August 2021|website=[[YouTube]]|access-date=19 December 2014|date=19 December 2014}}</ref>

In the early independence years, rock band [[Foje]] was particularly popular and gathered tens of thousands of spectators to the concerts.<ref>{{cite web|title=A. Mamontovas: padėsime galutinį tašką "Foje" istorijoje – LRT|url=http://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/kalba-vilnius/32/26683/a-mamontovas-padesime-galutini-taska-foje-istorijoje|website=LRT|date=6 October 2013|access-date=6 October 2013|language=lt|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627232410/https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/kalba-vilnius/32/26683/a-mamontovas-padesime-galutini-taska-foje-istorijoje|url-status=live}}</ref> After disbanding in 1997, Foje vocalist [[Andrius Mamontovas]] remained one of the most prominent Lithuanian performers and an active participant in various [[Charity (practice)|charity]] events.<ref>{{cite web|title=A. Mamontovas: populiarumą išnaudoju geriems darbams|url=http://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/kultura/26/117983/a-mamontovas-populiaruma-isnaudoju-geriems-darbams|website=LRT|date=31 October 2015|access-date=31 October 2015|language=lt|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430135756/https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/kultura/26/117983/a-mamontovas-populiaruma-isnaudoju-geriems-darbams|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Marijonas Mikutavičius]] is famous for creating unofficial Lithuania sport anthem ''Trys milijonai'' (Three millions) and official anthem of the [[EuroBasket 2011]] ''Nebetyli sirgaliai'' (English version was named ''Celebrate Basketball'').<ref>{{YouTube|fmmg3Wl86kQ|Marijonas Mikutavičius – Trys milijonai}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Marijonas Mikutavičius, Mantas, Mia – Nebetyli sirgaliai|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TyDEPzXr3M|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109115739/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TyDEPzXr3M&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=9 January 2019|website=[[YouTube]]|access-date=15 October 2014|date=15 October 2014|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>