Editing Kalevala (section)

===Literature===
The ''Kalevala'' has been translated over 150 times, into over 60 different languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.folklorefellows.fi/netw/ffn16/translation.html |title=The Kalevala in translation |access-date=18 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111005554/http://www.folklorefellows.fi/netw/ffn16/translation.html |archive-date=11 January 2010 }}</ref> (See [[#Translations|§ translations]].)

====Re-tellings====
Finnish cartoonist Kristian Huitula illustrated a comic book adaptation of the ''Kalevala''. The ''Kalevala Graphic Novel'' contains the storyline of all the 50 chapters in original text form.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huitula.com/kalevala2|title=The Art of Huitula – The Kalevala Comic Book (The Kalevala Graphic Novel)|access-date=31 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712230826/http://www.huitula.com/kalevala2|archive-date=12 July 2011}}</ref>

Finnish cartoonist and children's writer [[Mauri Kunnas]] wrote and illustrated {{langnf|fi|Koirien Kalevala|The Canine Kalevala|links=no}}. The story is that of the ''Kalevala'', with the characters presented as [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphised]] dogs, wolves and cats. The story deviates from the full ''Kalevala'' to make the story more appropriate for children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maurikunnas.net/mauri_kunnas/teokset/translations/en_GB/the_canine_kalevala/|title=Mauri Kunnas, The Canine Kalevala – (Koirien Kalevala)|access-date=18 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107193303/http://www.maurikunnas.net/mauri_kunnas/teokset/translations/en_GB/the_canine_kalevala/|archive-date=7 November 2010}}</ref>

In the late 1950s, students from the Rose Bruford College of Speech and Drama performed excerpts from the Kalevala in a presentation to the poet laureate John Masefield at Oxford. Some images from this presentation can be viewed [https://catalogue.bruford.ac.uk/kalevala online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702171227/https://catalogue.bruford.ac.uk/kalevala |date=2 July 2023 }}.

The ''Kalevala'' inspired the American [[Disney]] cartoonist [[Don Rosa]] to draw a [[Donald Duck]] (who is himself a popular character in Finland) story based on the ''Kalevala'', called ''[[The Quest for Kalevala]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scoop.diamondgalleries.com/public/default.asp?t=1&m=1&c=34&s=265&ai=47103&ssd=9/25/2004&arch=y|title=Don Rosa and The Quest for Kalevala|access-date=18 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012041920/http://scoop.diamondgalleries.com/public/default.asp?t=1&m=1&c=34&s=265&ai=47103&ssd=9%2F25%2F2004&arch=y|archive-date=12 October 2010}}</ref> The comic was released on the 150th anniversary of the ''Kalevala''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&a=2128|title=Don Rosan Kalevala-ankat|access-date=22 August 2010}}</ref>

====Works inspired by====
{{see also|
Finnish influences on Tolkien}}
Franz Anton Schiefner's translation of the ''Kalevala'' was one inspiration for [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]]'s 1855 poem ''[[The Song of Hiawatha]]'', which is written in a similar [[trochaic tetrameter]].<ref>Calhoun, Charles C. ''Longfellow: A Rediscovered Life''. Boston: Beacon Press, 2004: 108. {{ISBN|0-8070-7026-2}}.</ref><ref name=Irmscher108>Irmscher, Christoph. ''Longfellow Redux''. University of Illinois, 2006: 108. {{ISBN|978-0-252-03063-5}}.</ref>

[[Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald]]'s Estonian national epic ''Kalevipoeg'' was inspired by the ''Kalevala''. Both Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen are mentioned in the work, and the overall story of Kalevipoeg, Kalev's son, bears similarities to the Kullervo story.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elm.einst.ee/issue/17/finnish-kalevala-and-estonian-kalevipoeg/|title=Finnish Kalevala and Estonian Kalevipoeg|access-date=18 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091120135744/http://elm.einst.ee/issue/17/finnish-kalevala-and-estonian-kalevipoeg/|archive-date=20 November 2009}}</ref>

[[J. R. R. Tolkien]] claimed the ''Kalevala'' as one of his sources for ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. For example, the tale of Kullervo is the basis of [[Túrin Turambar]] in ''[[Narn i Chîn Húrin]]'', including the sword that speaks when the [[anti-hero]] uses it to commit suicide.<ref name="sanders-bbc"/> [[Aulë]], the Lord of Matter and the Master of All Crafts, was influenced by Ilmarinen, the Eternal Hammerer.<ref name="mankkinen-yle"/> Echoes of the ''Kalevala''{{'}}s characters, Väinämöinen in particular, can be found in [[Tom Bombadil]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref name="mankkinen-yle">{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12622887|title=Taru sormusten herrasta on juuriltaan suomalaisempi kuin aiemmin on tiedetty – Tolkienilta löytyy vastineet Kullervolle, Sammolle ja Väinämöiselle|trans-title=''The Lord of the Rings'' has more Finnish roots than previously known – Tolkien has equivalents for Kullervo, Sampo and Väinämöinen|first=Jussi|last=Mankkinen|work=[[Yle]]|date=16 September 2022|access-date=16 September 2022|language=fi|archive-date=16 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916063211/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12622887|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tolkien_studies/v001/1.1petty.pdf|title=Identifying England's Lönnrot|journal = Tolkien Studies | volume =1 |year = 2004 | first = Anne C.| last = Petty |doi = 10.1353/tks.2004.0014 |pages = 78–81 |s2cid=51680664|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120011441/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tolkien_studies/v001/1.1petty.pdf| archive-date=20 November 2015|doi-access =free }}</ref><ref>{{citation | first = Jonathan B. | last = Himes | title = What Tolkien Really Did with the Sampo | journal = Mythlore | volume = 22.4 | issue = 86 | date = Spring 2000 | pages = 69–85 | url = https://dc.swosu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1342&context=mythlore | access-date = 13 August 2018 | archive-date = 13 August 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180813210242/https://dc.swosu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1342&context=mythlore | url-status = live }}</ref>

Poet and playwright [[Paavo Haavikko]] took influence from the ''Kalevala'', including in his poem ''Kaksikymmentä ja yksi'' (1974), and the TV drama ''Rauta-aika'' (1982).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/haavikko.htm |title=Paavo Haavikko |website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library |location=Finland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129041605/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/haavikko.htm |archive-date=29 November 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://artikkelihaku.kansallisbiografia.fi/artikkeli/4828/|title=Haavikko, Paavo (1931–2008)|access-date=18 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715062247/http://artikkelihaku.kansallisbiografia.fi/artikkeli/4828/|archive-date=15 July 2009}}</ref>

American science fiction and fantasy authors [[L. Sprague de Camp]] and [[Fletcher Pratt]] used the ''Kalevala'' as source materials for their 1953 fantasy novella "[[The Wall of Serpents]]". This is the fourth story in the authors' [[Harold Shea]] series, in which the hero and his companions visit various mythic and fictional worlds. In this story, the characters visit the world of the Kalevala, where they encounter characters from the epic, drawn with a skeptical eye.

[[Emil Petaja]] was an American science fiction and fantasy author of Finnish descent. His best known works, known as the ''Otava Series'', were a series of novels based on the ''Kalevala''. The series brought Petaja readers from around the world, while his mythological approach to science fiction was discussed in scholarly papers presented at academic conferences.<ref>Kailo, Kaarina. "Spanning the Iron and Space Ages: Emil Petaja's Kalevala-based fantasy tales" ''Kanadan Suomalainen, Toronto, Canada: Spring, 1985.''.</ref> He has a further ''Kalevala'' based work which is not part of the series, entitled ''The Time Twister''.

British fantasy author [[Michael Moorcock]]'s sword and sorcery anti-hero, [[Elric of Melniboné]] was influenced by the character Kullervo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.multiverse.org/fora/showpost.php?s=cd0e5b39fac54cb1ac8a400c60a700fd&p=15991&postcount=17|title=Elric of Melniboné Archive – Moorcock's website forum archive|access-date=18 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221023636/http://www.multiverse.org/fora/showpost.php?s=cd0e5b39fac54cb1ac8a400c60a700fd&p=15991&postcount=17|archive-date=21 December 2013}}</ref>

British fantasy author [[Michael Scott Rohan]]'s ''Winter of the World'' series feature Louhi as a major antagonist and include many narrative threads from the ''Kalevela''.

The web comic "A Redtail's Dream", written and illustrated by [[Minna Sundberg]], cites the ''Kalevala'' as an influence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.minnasundberg.fi/|title=A Redtail's Dream (minnasundberg.fi)|access-date=4 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906155842/http://www.minnasundberg.fi/|archive-date=6 September 2013}}</ref> (Physical edition 2014.<ref>Minna Sundberg, A Redtails dream, {{ISBN|978-91-637-4627-7}}</ref>)

The British science fiction writer [[Ian Watson (author)|Ian Watson]]'s ''Books of Mana'' duology, ''Lucky's Harvest'' and ''The Fallen Moon'', both contain references to places and names from the ''Kalevala''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aikakone.org/arkisto/sampo.htm|title=Kuinka ryöstin Sammon|access-date=18 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721235604/http://www.aikakone.org/arkisto/sampo.htm|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref>

In 2008, Vietnamese author and translator Bùi Viêt Hoa<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kalevalaseura.fi/en/the-kalevala-society/awards/epic-award/bui-viet-hoa/|title=Bui Viet Hoa|work=The Kalevala Society (Kalevalaseura)|access-date=April 9, 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411053042/https://kalevalaseura.fi/en/the-kalevala-society/awards/epic-award/bui-viet-hoa/}}</ref> published a piece of epic poetry ''[[The Children of Mon and Man]]'' ({{langx|vi|Con cháu Mon Mân}}),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.juminkeko.fi/vietnam/content/etusivu_kuvat/monman.pdf | title = The Children of Mon and Man | publisher = Juminkeko | access-date = April 9, 2021 | language = vi | archive-date = 25 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210925034203/http://www.juminkeko.fi/vietnam/content/etusivu_kuvat/monman.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> which delves into Vietnamese folk poetry and mythology, but was partially influenced by the ''Kalevala''.<ref name="yle"/> The work was written mainly in Finland<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.juminkeko.fi/vietnam/index.php?site=tausta&lang=fi | title = Vietnamin eepos: Tausta | publisher = Juminkeko | access-date = April 9, 2021 | language = fi | archive-date = 23 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200223192702/http://www.juminkeko.fi/vietnam/index.php?site=tausta&lang=fi | url-status = live }}</ref> and the [[Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)|Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs]] co-financed it.<ref name="yle">{{cite web | url = https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-5728354 | title = Vietnam sai oman Kalevalansa Suomen avulla | work = [[YLE]] | date = March 1, 2009 | access-date = April 9, 2021 | language = fi | archive-date = 22 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210122004546/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-5728354 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.juminkeko.fi/vietnam/index.php?site=sisalto&lang=fi | title = Vietnamin eepos: Monin ja Manin lapset | publisher = Juminkeko | access-date = April 9, 2021 | language = fi | archive-date = 23 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200223233953/http://www.juminkeko.fi/vietnam/index.php?site=sisalto&lang=fi | url-status = live }}</ref>