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==Competition== {{further|Western honey bee#As an environmental threat}} With an increasing population of honey bees in specific areas due to beekeeping, Western honey bees (as an [[invasive species]]) and native wild bees often have to compete for the limited habitat and food sources available,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hudewenz|first1=Anika|last2=Klein|first2=Alexandra-Maria|date=1 December 2013|title=Competition between honey bees and wild bees and the role of nesting resources in a nature reserve|journal=Journal of Insect Conservation|language=en|volume=17|issue=6|pages=1275–1283|doi=10.1007/s10841-013-9609-1|bibcode=2013JICon..17.1275H |s2cid=16268870|issn=1366-638X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=MacInnis |first1=Gail |last2=Normandin |first2=Etienne |last3=Ziter |first3=Carly D. |date=2023-02-03 |title=Decline in wild bee species richness associated with honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) abundance in an urban ecosystem |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=11 |pages=e14699 |doi=10.7717/peerj.14699 |doi-access=free |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=9901307 |pmid=36755869}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Geldmann |first1=Jonas |last2=González-Varo |first2=Juan P. |date=2018-01-26 |title=Conserving honey bees does not help wildlife |url=https://txmn.org/gulfcoast/files/2018/02/Science-Vol.-359-pp.-392-393.pdf |journal=Science |language=en |volume=359 |issue=6374 |pages=392–393 |doi=10.1126/science.aar2269 |bibcode=2018Sci...359..392G |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> and Western honey bees may become defensive in response to the seasonal arrival of competition from other colonies, particularly Africanized bees which may be on the offence and defence year round due to their tropical origin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Johnson|first1=Brian R.|last2=Nieh|first2=James C.|date=1 November 2010|title=Modeling the Adaptive Role of Negative Signaling in Honey Bee Intraspecific Competition|journal=Journal of Insect Behavior|language=en|volume=23|issue=6|pages=459–471|doi=10.1007/s10905-010-9229-5|issn=0892-7553|pmc=2955239|pmid=21037953|bibcode=2010JIBeh..23..459J }}</ref>
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