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=== The Tagalog, Negros, and Zamboanga Republics === Brigadier General [[James F. Smith]] arrived at Bacolod on March 4, 1899, as the [[Military Governor]] of the Sub-district of Negros, after receiving an invitation from [[Aniceto Lacson]], president of the breakaway [[Republic of Negros|Cantonal Republic of Negros]].{{sfn|Linn|2000|pp=75–76}} The Negros Republic became a Pro-American protectorate of the United States.<ref>[http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/429/434 The Republic of Negros By Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr.] Philippine Studies vol. 48, no. 1 (2000): 26–52</ref> Another insurgent republic was briefly formed during American administration: the [[Tagalog Republic]] in Luzon, under [[Macario Sakay]].<ref name="antonio abad">{{cite book|last1=Kabigting Abad|first1=Antonio|title=General Macario L. Sakay: Was He a Bandit or a Patriot?|year=1955|publisher=J. B. Feliciano and Sons Printers-Publishers}}</ref> In the island of Mindanao the [[Chavacano Language|Chavacano-speaking]] [[Republic of Zamboanga]] was proclaimed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zamboanga.com/history/republic_of_zamboanga.html |title=History of The Republic of Zamboanga (May 1899 – March 1903) |date=July 18, 2009 |publisher=Zamboanga.com |location=Zamboanga City, Philippines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201023553/http://zamboanga.com/history/republic_of_zamboanga.html |archive-date=December 1, 2010 |access-date=August 13, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> That government was formed by [[Vicente Álvarez (general)|Vicente Álvarez]] with the support of [[Jamalul Kiram II]], the then [[Sultanate of Sulu|Sultan of Sulu]], and included Latin-American (Peruvian, [[Juan Fermin de San Martin|Uruguayan]] and [[José de San Martín#Legacy|Argentinian]])<ref>In Spanish: [https://www.infobae.com/2015/01/15/1621145-el-hermano-desconocido-san-martin-que-lucho-y-murio-filipinas/ The unknown brother of San Martin who fought and died in the Philippines By Claudia Peiro]</ref> enslaved soldiers who had revolted against the Spanish colonial government and included Muslims, Lumads, and Christians in his anti-Spanish army.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bautista|first=Rolando|title=Zamboanga Hermosa: Memories of the Old Town|date=1984|publisher=Filipinas Foundation, Inc.|location=Makati, Philippines|pages=89–91}}</ref>
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