Editing History of Peru (section)

=== Business republic (2000–2016)===
In November 2000, Fujimori resigned from office and went to Japan in self-imposed exile, avoiding prosecution for human rights violations and corruption charges by the new Peruvian authorities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Puertas |first=Laura |date=2000-11-20 |title=Un misterioso viaje a Asia sin fecha de retorno |language=es |work=El País |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/11/20/internacional/974674801_850215.html |access-date=2022-08-07 |issn=1134-6582}}</ref> His main intelligence chief, [[Vladimiro Montesinos]], fled Peru shortly afterwards. Authorities in Venezuela arrested him in Caracas in June 2001 and turned him over to Peruvian authorities; he is now imprisoned and charged with acts of corruption and human rights violations committed during Fujimori's administration.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cómo fue la captura en Venezuela de Vladimiro Montesinos, el polémico exasesor de Alberto Fujimori, hace 20 años |language=es |work=BBC News Mundo |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-57171785 |access-date=2022-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-06-23 |title=El ex asesor de Fujimori Vladimiro Montesinos, detenido en Venezuela |language=es |work=El País |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2001/06/24/actualidad/993333605_850215.html |access-date=2022-08-07 |issn=1134-6582}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=Condena de 22 años contra Vladimiro Montesinos por desaparición forzosa {{!}} DW {{!}} 27.09.2016 |url=https://www.dw.com/es/condena-de-22-a%C3%B1os-contra-vladimiro-montesinos-por-desaparici%C3%B3n-forzosa/a-35909514 |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=DW.COM |language=es-ES}}</ref>

A caretaker government presided over by [[Valentín Paniagua Corazao|Valentín Paniagua]] took on the responsibility of conducting new presidential and congressional elections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-19 |title=Valentín Paniagua, el último presidente de transición |url=https://www.tvperu.gob.pe/noticias/politica/valentin-paniagua-el-ultimo-presidente-de-transicion |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=TVPerú |language=es}}</ref> The [[2001 Peruvian general election|elections]] were held in April 2001; observers considered them to be free and fair. [[Alejandro Toledo]] (who led the opposition against Fujimori) defeated former President [[Alan García]].<ref>{{cite news |title=CNN.com - Toledo wins Peru presidential vote - June 3, 2001 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/06/03/peru.election.02/ |work=CNN |access-date=August 10, 2022 |archive-date=August 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810214803/http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/americas/06/03/peru.election.02/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The newly elected government took office on 28 July 2001. The Toledo Administration managed to restore some degree of democracy to Peru following the authoritarianism and corruption that plagued both the Fujimori and García governments. Innocents wrongfully tried by military courts during the war against terrorism (1980–2000) were allowed to receive new trials in civilian courts.

On 28 August 2003, the [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]] (CVR), which had been charged with studying the roots of the violence of the 1980–2000 period, presented its formal report to the President.

President Toledo was forced to make a number of cabinet changes, mostly in response to personal scandals. Toledo's governing coalition had a minority of seats in Congress and had to negotiate on an ''ad hoc'' basis with other parties to form majorities on legislative proposals. Toledo's popularity in the polls suffered throughout the last years of his regime, due in part to family scandals and in part to dissatisfaction among workers with their share of benefits from Peru's macroeconomic success. After strikes by teachers and agricultural producers led to nationwide road blockages in May 2003, Toledo declared a state of emergency that suspended some civil liberties and gave the military power to enforce order in 12 regions. The state of emergency was later reduced to only the few areas where the Shining Path was operating.

On 28 July 2006, former president Alan García [[Second presidency of Alan García|was reelected]] as the President of Peru. He won the [[2006 Peruvian election|2006 elections]] after winning in a runoff against [[Ollanta Humala]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Garcia wins to become Peru president |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2006/6/5/garcia-wins-to-become-peru-president |work=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> In May 2008, President García was a signatory to the [[UNASUR Constitutive Treaty]] of the [[Union of South American Nations]] (USAN). Peru has ratified the treaty.

On 5 June 2011, Ollanta Humala was [[Presidency of Ollanta Humala|elected president]] in a run-off against [[Keiko Fujimori]], the daughter of Alberto Fujimori and former [[First Lady]] of Peru, in the [[2011 Peruvian general election|2011 elections]], making him the first leftist president of Peru since [[Juan Velasco Alvarado]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Left-wing Humala wins presidential election |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110606-peru-elections-ollanta-humala-leftist-president-winner-polls-lima-fujimori |work=France 24 |date=6 June 2011 |language=en}}</ref> In December 2011, a state of emergency was declared following popular opposition to some major mining project and environmental concerns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=AhG0n1njO4I=|title=Peru government declares state of emergency in four Cajamarca provinces|access-date=2011-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616191103/http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=AhG0n1njO4I=|archive-date=2012-06-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>