Editing Gnosticism (section)

==== Other Gnostic groups ====
* Serpent Gnostics. The [[Naassenes]], [[Ophites]] and the Serpentarians gave prominence to snake symbolism, and snake handling played a role in their ceremonies.{{sfn|Magris|2005|p=3518}}
* [[Cerinthus]] (c. 100), the founder of a school with gnostic elements. Like a Gnostic, Cerinthus depicted Christ as a heavenly spirit separate from the man Jesus, and he cited the demiurge as creating the material world. Unlike the Gnostics, Cerinthus taught Christians to observe the Jewish law; his demiurge was holy, not lowly; and he taught the Second Coming. His gnosis was a secret teaching attributed to an apostle. Some scholars believe that the First Epistle of John was written as a response to Cerinthus.<ref name="gonzález">González, Justo L. (1970). ''A History of Christian Thought, Vol. I''. Abingdon. pp. 132–133</ref>
* The [[Cainites]] are so-named since Hippolytus of Rome claims that they worshiped [[Cain]], and venerated [[Esau]], [[Korah]], the [[Sodom and Gomorrah|Sodomites]], and [[Judas Iscariot]]. There is little evidence concerning the nature of this group. Hippolytus claims that they believed that indulgence in sin was the key to salvation because since the body is evil, one must defile it through immoral activity (see [[libertinism]]). The name Cainite is used as the name of a religious movement, and not in the usual Biblical sense of people descended from Cain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cainite {{!}} Gnostic sect {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cainites|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=21 February 2023|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Carpocratians]], a [[libertine]] sect following only the [[Gospel of the Hebrews|Gospel according to the Hebrews]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Benko|first1=Stephen|title=The Libertine Gnostic Sect of the Phibionites According to Epiphanius|journal=Vigiliae Christianae|date=1967|volume=21|issue=2|pages=103–119|doi=10.2307/1582042|jstor=1582042}}</ref>
* The school of [[Justin (gnostic)|Justin]], which combined gnostic elements with the [[ancient Greek religion]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=van den Broek|first1=Roelof|title=Gospel Tradition and Salvation in Justin the Gnostic|journal=Vigiliae Christianae|date=2003|volume=57|issue=4|pages=363–388|doi=10.1163/157007203772064568|jstor=1584560}}</ref>
* The [[Borborites]], a libertine Gnostic [[sect]], said to be descended from the [[Nicolaism|Nicolaitans]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Van Den Broek|first1=Roelof|title=Dictionary of Gnosis & Western Esotericism|date=2006|publisher=Brill|location=Boston|isbn=978-90-04-15231-1|page=194}}</ref>