Editing Fascism (section)

==Anti-fascism==
{{main|Anti-fascism}}
[[File:01 partigiani a milano1.jpg|thumb|[[Italian resistance movement|Italian partisans]] in [[Milan]] during the final insurrection leading to the [[liberation of Italy]] in April 1945]]
[[File:2013-04-25 Porta san Paolo Roma.jpg|thumb|Anti-fascist demonstration at [[Porta San Paolo]] in [[Rome]] on the occasion of Italy's [[Liberation Day (Italy)|Liberation Day]] on 25 April 2013]]

[[Anti-fascism]] is a [[political movement]] in opposition to [[fascist]] ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during [[World War II]], where the [[Axis powers]] were opposed by many countries forming the [[Allies of World War II]] and dozens of [[resistance movement]]s worldwide.{{sfnp|Rieber|2017|pp=38–40}} Anti-fascism has been an element of movements across the political spectrum and holding many different political positions such as [[anarchism]], [[communism]], [[pacifism]], [[republicanism]], [[social democracy]], [[socialism]] and [[syndicalism]] as well as [[centrist]], [[conservative]], [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[nationalist]] viewpoints.<ref>{{harvp|Conway III|Zubrod|Chan|McFarland|2023|p=}};{{pn|date=May 2025}} {{harvp|García|2016|p=567}}; {{harvp|Seidman|2020|p=}};{{pn|date=May 2025}} {{harvp|Seidman|2017|pp=2–8}}; {{harvp|Olechnowicz|2005|pp=636–637}}</ref>

Organization against fascism began around 1920. Fascism became the state ideology of Italy in 1922 and of Germany in 1933, spurring a large increase in anti-fascist action, including [[German resistance to Nazism]] and the [[Italian resistance movement]]. Anti-fascism was a major aspect of the [[Spanish Civil War]], which foreshadowed World War II.{{sfnp|Seidman|2017|pp=3–4}}

Before World War II, [[Western world|the West]] had not taken seriously the threat of fascism, and anti-fascism was sometimes associated with communism. However, the [[outbreak of World War II]] greatly changed Western perceptions, and fascism was seen as an existential threat by not only the [[Communist state|communist]] Soviet Union but also by the [[liberal-democratic]] United States and United Kingdom.{{cn|date=May 2025}} The Axis Powers of World War II were generally fascist, and the fight against them was characterized in anti-fascist terms. [[Resistance during World War II]] to fascism occurred in every occupied country, and came from across the ideological spectrum. The defeat of the Axis powers generally ended fascism as a state ideology.{{sfnp|Lowe|2014|p=162}}

After World War II, the [[Post–World War II anti-fascism|anti-fascist movement continued]] to be active in places where organized fascism continued or re-emerged.{{sfnp|Bogel-Burroughs|Garcia|2020}} Modern [[antifa movement in the United States|antifa politics in the United States]] and Britain can be traced to opposition to the infiltration of the American and British [[punk scene]]s by [[white power skinheads]] in the 1970s and 1980s.{{sfnp|Beinart|2017}} From the late 1980s, the [[squatter]] scene and [[autonomism]] movement in [[West Germany]] were important in an upswing of [[antifa in Germany]].{{sfnp|Balhorn|2017}} There was a further increase in antifascism following the increase in [[neo-Nazism]] in Germany after the [[fall of the Berlin Wall]].{{sfnp|Beinart|2017}} In the 21st century, this greatly increased in prominence as a response to the resurgence of the [[Radical right (United States)|radical right]], especially after the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election of Donald Trump]].{{sfnp|Beinart|2017}}{{sfnp|Beauchamp|2020}}