Editing Fair trade (section)

==== Labour ====
Africa and other developing countries received low prices for their exported commodities such as cocoa, which caused poverty to abound. Fair trade seeks to establish a system of direct trade from developing countries to counteract this unfair system.<ref name="Brown, Michael Barratt 2007" /> Most cocoa comes from small family-run farms in West Africa. These farms have little market access and so rely on middlemen to bring their products to market. Sometimes middlemen are unfair to farmers.<ref name="Houston, Holly 2012">Houston, Holly, and Terry Wyer. "Why Sustainable Cocoa Farming Matters for Rural Development." Center for Strategic and International Studies, 6 Sept. 2012.</ref> Farmers may join an [[Agricultural cooperative]] that pays farmers a fair price for their cocoa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goodman |first1=Michael K |year=2004 |title=Reading fairtrade: political ecological imaginary and the moral economy of fairtrade foods |journal=Political Geography |volume=23 |issue=7 |pages=891–915 |doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2004.05.013}}</ref> One of the main tenets of fair trade is that farmers receive a fair price, but this does not mean that the higher price paid for fair trade cocoa goes directly to the farmers. Much of this money goes to community projects such as water wells rather than to individual farmers. Nevertheless, cooperatives such as fair trade-endorsed [[Kuapa Kokoo]] in Ghana are often the only Licensed Buying Companies that will give farmers a fair price and not cheat them or rig sales.<ref name="Berlan, Amanda 2008">{{cite book |last1=Berlan |first1=Amanda |chapter=Making or marketing a difference? An anthropological examination of the marketing of fair trade cocoa from Ghana |series=Research in Economic Anthropology |title=Hidden Hands in the Market: Ethnographies of Fair Trade, Ethical Consumption, and Corporate Social Responsibility |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84855-058-2 |volume=28 |pages=171–94 |publisher=Emerald (MCB UP ) |location=Bingley |doi=10.1016/S0190-1281(08)28008-X}}</ref> Farmers in cooperatives {{clarify|text=are frequently their own bosses and get bonuses|reason=what does it mean to "get a bonus" if you are "your own boss"?|date=March 2022}} per bag of cocoa beans. These arrangements are not always assured and fair trade organizations can't always buy all of the cocoa available to them from cooperatives.<ref name="ReferenceA" />