Editing European Union (section)

===Energy===
{{Main|Energy policy of the European Union}}
{{See also|European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators}}
{{Pie chart
| caption = Total energy supply (2019)<ref>[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-key-figures/w/ks-ex-23-001 Eurostat, ''Key figures on the EU in the world'', 2023 edition, p. 72]</ref>
| label1 = Oil
| value1 = 31.7
| color1 = black
| label2 = Natural gas
| value2 = 24.7
| color2 = #8B8888
| label3 = Coal
| value3 = 10.9
| color3 = #8B3333
| label4 = Nuclear
| value4 = 13.2
| color4 = #ffeeaa
| label5 = Biofuels, waste, electricity, heat
| value5 = 19.4
| color5 = #668B22
}}

The total energy supply of the EU was 59 billion [[Joule (unit)|GJ]] in 2019, about 10.2 per cent of the world total. Approximately three fifths of the energy available in the EU came from imports (mostly of fossil fuels). [[Renewable energy]] contributed 18.1 per cent of the EU's total energy supply in 2019, and 11.1 per cent of the final energy consumption.<ref>Eurostat, ''Key figures on the EU in the world'', 2023 edition, p. 70 and 73 [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-key-figures/w/ks-ex-23-001]</ref>

The EU has had legislative power in the area of energy policy for most of its existence; this has its roots in the original [[European Coal and Steel Community]]. The introduction of a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was approved at the meeting of the European Council in October 2005, and the first draft policy was published in January 2007.<ref name="Energy Q&A">{{Cite news |date=9 March 2007 |title=Q&A: EU energy plans |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4783996.stm |access-date=13 July 2007}}</ref>

[[File:Energy Community Map.svg|thumb|left|[[Energy Community]]]]

The EU has five key points in its energy policy: increase competition in the [[European Single Market|internal market]], encourage investment and boost interconnections between electricity grids; diversify energy resources with better systems to respond to a crisis; establish a new treaty framework for energy co-operation with Russia while improving relations with energy-rich states in Central Asia<ref name="oies">{{Cite web |last=Shamil Midkhatovich Yenikeyeff |date=November 2008 |title=Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes |url=http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/NG25-KazakhstansgasExportMarketsandExportRoutes-ShamilYenikeyeff-2008.pdf |access-date=17 November 2011 |publisher=[[Oxford Institute for Energy Studies]]}}</ref> and North Africa; use existing energy supplies more efficiently while increasing [[renewable energy commercialisation]]; and finally increase funding for new energy technologies.<ref name="Energy Q&A" />

In 2007, EU countries as a whole imported 82 per cent of their oil, 57 per cent of their natural gas<ref name="low carb prop">{{Cite web |date=10 January 2007 |title='Low-carbon economy' proposed for Europe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16560106 |access-date=24 January 2007 |publisher=NBC News}}</ref> and 97.48 per cent of their uranium<ref name="Euratom2007">{{Cite book |title=Euratom Supply Agency – Annual Report 2007 |publisher=Office for Official Publications of the European Communities |year=2008 |isbn=978-92-79-09437-8 |location=Luxembourg |page=22 |chapter=EU supply and demand for nuclear fuels |quote=European uranium mining supplied just below 3% of the total EU needs, coming from the Czech Republic and Romania (a total of 526 tU). |access-date=1 March 2009 |chapter-url=http://ec.europa.eu/euratom/ar/last.pdf}} <br />
Nuclear energy and renewable energy are treated differently from oil, gas, and coal in this respect.</ref> demands. The three largest suppliers of natural gas to the European Union are Russia, Norway and [[Algeria]], that amounted for about three quarters of the imports in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Abnett |first1=Kate |last2=Nasralla |first2=Shadia |date=17 July 2020 |title=EU's greenhouse gas strategy fails to plug methane hole |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-energy-methane-insight/eus-greenhouse-gas-strategy-fails-to-plug-methane-hole-idINKCN24I0IV |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> There is a strong [[Russia in the European energy sector|dependence on Russian energy]] that the EU has been attempting to reduce.<ref name="Energy Russia">{{Cite web |last=European Parliament |title=Ukraine-Russia gas dispute – call for stronger EU energy policy |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?language=EN&type=IM-PRESS&reference=20060112STO04233&secondRef=0 |access-date=27 February 2008 |publisher=Europa web portal}}</ref> However, in May 2022, it was reported that the European Union is preparing another sanction against Russia over its invasion of Ukraine. It is expected to target Russian oil, Russian and Belarusian banks, as well as individuals and companies. According to an article by Reuters, two diplomats stated that the European Union may impose a ban on imports of Russian oil by the end of 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 May 2022 |title=EU leans towards Russian oil ban by year-end, diplomats say |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-leans-towards-russian-oil-ban-by-year-end-diplomats-say-2022-05-01/ |access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref> In May 2022, the [[European Commission]] published the 'RePowerEU' initiative, a €300 billion plan outlining the path towards the end of EU dependence on Russian fossil fuels by 2030 and the acceleration on the clean energy transition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=EU unveils €300 billion plan to reduce its energy dependency on Russia |url=https://www.dw.com/en/eu-unveils-300-billion-plan-to-reduce-its-energy-dependency-on-russia/a-61838801 |website=[[dw.com]]}}</ref>
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