Editing Enigma machine (section)

== Derivatives ==
The Enigma was influential in the field of cipher machine design, spinning off other [[rotor machine]]s. Once the British discovered Enigma's principle of operation, they created the [[Typex]] rotor cipher, which the Germans believed to be unsolvable.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ferris |first1=John Robert |title=Intelligence and strategy : selected essays |date=2005 |publisher=F. Cass |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0415361958 |page=165|series=Cass series - Studies in intelligence|oclc=243558411}}</ref> Typex was originally derived from the Enigma patents;<ref name="royal">{{cite book |last1=Greenberg |first1=Joel |title=Gordon Welchman: Bletchley Park's architect of ultra intelligence |date=2014 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books Ltd |location=London |isbn=9781473885257 |page=85|oclc=1023312315}}</ref> Typex even includes features from the patent descriptions that were omitted from the actual Enigma machine. The British paid no royalties for the use of the patents.<ref name="royal"/>  In the United States, cryptologist [[William F. Friedman|William Friedman]] designed the [[M-325]] machine,<ref name="LeeuwBergstra2007">{{cite book|author1=Karl Maria Michael de Leeuw|author2=Jan Bergstra|title=The History of Information Security: A Comprehensive Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQBrsonDp6cC&pg=PA407|date=28 August 2007|publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-08-055058-9|pages=407–}}</ref> starting in 1936,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mucklow |first1=Timothy |title=The SIGABA / ECM II Cipher Machine: "A Beautiful Idea |date=2015 |publisher=Center for Cryptologic History, NSA |location=Fort George G. Meade, MD|page=16 |url=https://www.nsa.gov/Portals/70/documents/about/cryptologic-heritage/historical-figures-publications/publications/technology/The_SIGABA_ECM_Cipher_Machine_A_Beautiful_Idea3.pdf}}</ref> that is logically similar.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bauer |first1=Friedrich Ludwig |title=Decrypted secrets: methods and maxims of cryptology |date=2007 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=9783540245025 |page=133 |edition=4th revision and extended|oclc=255507974}}</ref>

Machines like the [[SIGABA]], [[NEMA (machine)|NEMA]], Typex, and so forth, are not considered to be Enigma derivatives as their internal ciphering functions are not mathematically identical to the Enigma transform.

A unique rotor machine called Cryptograph was constructed in 2002 by Netherlands-based Tatjana van Vark. This device makes use of 40-point rotors, allowing letters, numbers and some punctuation to be used; each rotor contains 509 parts.<ref>van Vark, Tatjana ''[http://www.tatjavanvark.nl/tvv1/pht10.html The coding machine]''</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="148px">
File:Japanese secure teletype 2.jpg|A Japanese Enigma clone, codenamed GREEN by American cryptographers
File:Tatjavanavark-machine.jpg|Tatjana van Vark's Enigma-inspired rotor machine
File:Enigma simulator-IMG 0515-black.jpg|Electronic implementation of an Enigma machine, sold at the Bletchley Park souvenir shop
</gallery>