Editing Douglas MacArthur (section)

==Legacy==
In 1960, the mayor of Norfolk had proposed using funds raised by public contribution to remodel the old Norfolk City Hall as a memorial to General MacArthur and as a repository for his papers, decorations, and mementos. Restored and remodeled, the [[MacArthur Memorial]] consists of a complex of three buildings on MacArthur Square containing nine museum galleries whose contents reflect the general's 50 years of military service. At the heart of the memorial is a rotunda. In its center lies a sunken circular crypt with two marble sarcophagi, one for MacArthur,{{sfn|Mossman|Stark|1991|p=253}} the other for Jean, who continued to live in the Waldorf Towers until her death in 2000.<ref name="JeanObit" />

The [[MacArthur Chambers]] in Brisbane, Australia, hosts the MacArthur Museum on the 8th floor where MacArthur had his office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmb.org.au/|title=MacArthur Museum Brisbane|publisher=MacArthur Museum Brisbane|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-date=17 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317033042/https://mmb.org.au/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The majority of South Koreans consider MacArthur to be a hero who saved the country twice: once in 1945 and once in 1950. The city of Incheon erected a statue of MacArthur in [[Jayu Park]] in 1957, which is considered a symbol of patriotism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/20/general-macarthur-statue-protest-korea-incheon/|title=A 91-year-old North Korean loyalist's lonely battle against a long-dead U.S. general|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220220132844/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/20/general-macarthur-statue-protest-korea-incheon/|archive-date=20 February 2022|date=20 February 2022|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Andrew|last=Jeong|access-date=20 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[DN Tower 21|Dai-Ichi Seimei Building]] in Tokyo has preserved MacArthur's 6th floor office as it was from 1945 to 1951 during his tenure as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Spitzer |first=Kirk |title=No Fading Away for MacArthur Over Here |date=19 July 2012 |magazine=Time |url=https://nation.time.com/2012/07/19/no-fading-away-for-macarthur-over-here/ |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=5 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305142048/https://nation.time.com/2012/07/19/no-fading-away-for-macarthur-over-here/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:General Douglas MacArthur 6c 1971 issue U.S. stamp.jpg|thumb|upright|MacArthur commemorative postage stamp]]

MacArthur has a contested legacy. In the Philippines in 1942, he suffered a defeat that [[Gavin Long]] described as "the greatest in the history of American foreign wars".{{sfn|Long|1969|p=226}} Despite this:

<blockquote>...in a fragile period of the American psyche when the general American public, still stunned by the shock of Pearl Harbor and uncertain what lay ahead in Europe, desperately needed a hero, they wholeheartedly embraced Douglas MacArthur—good press copy that he was. There simply were no other choices that came close to matching his mystique, not to mention his evocative lone-wolf stand—something that has always resonated with Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/162625#sthash.5ZiDpA0V.dpuf |title=Why Did MacArthur Become a Hero? In a Crisis We Are Desperate for Leaders |first=Walter R. |last=Borneman |date=5 May 2016 |author-link=Walter R. Borneman |access-date=15 May 2016 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116125209/http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/162625#sthash.5ZiDpA0V.dpuf |url-status=live |ref=none}}</ref></blockquote>

He is highly respected and remembered to the present day in the Philippines and Japan. In 1961 MacArthur traveled to Manila one final time and was greeted by a cheering crowd of two million.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Manila Crowds Hail MacArthur |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 July 1961 |publication-date=4 July 1961 |place=Manila |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/07/04/archives/manila-crowds-hail-macarthur-2-million-give-warm-acclaim-as-general.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128201257/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/07/04/archives/manila-crowds-hail-macarthur-2-million-give-warm-acclaim-as-general.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

MacArthur's concept of the role of the soldier as including civil affairs, quelling riots and low-level conflict, was dismissed by the majority of officers who had fought in Europe during World War II, and afterwards saw the Army's role as fighting the Soviet Union.{{sfn|Frank|2007|p=168}} Unlike them, in his victories in New Guinea in 1944, the Philippines in 1945 and Korea in 1950, he fought outnumbered, and relied on maneuver and surprise for success.{{sfn|Long|1969|p=227}} The American sinologist [[John King Fairbank]] called MacArthur "our greatest soldier".<ref name="Digging Doug">{{cite journal |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1978/10/12/digging-out-doug/ |title=Digging Out Doug |journal=The New York Review of Books |first=John K. |last=Fairbank |date=12 October 1978 |volume=25 |issue=15 |access-date=18 March 2016 |archive-date=24 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124153103/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1978/10/12/digging-out-doug/ |url-status=live }}</ref> British Field Marshal [[Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke|Viscount Alanbrooke]], the chief of Britain's [[Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)|Imperial General Staff]], had stated that MacArthur outshone all of his contemporary American and British generals, much to the concurring of [[B. H. Liddell Hart]] and espoused that the blend of his strong personality along with his grasp of tactics, operative mobility and vision had put him in such class, on par with or even greater than Genghis Khan and Napoleon Bonaparte.{{sfn|Manchester|1978|page=280}} President of the Republic of China [[Chiang Kai-shek]] praised him a glory of the U.S. as well as all people who defend freedom and justice.<ref>{{cite web|author=Chiang, Kai-shek|title=哀悼美國已故麥克阿瑟元帥詞|trans-title=An article for mourning deceased American Marshall MacArthur|url=http://www.ccfd.org.tw/ccef001/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=439:0002-145&catid=349&Itemid=256|publisher=中正文教基金會 (Chungcheng Cultural and Educational Foundation)|date=10 April 1964|access-date=7 October 2023|quote=麥帥是太平洋對抗暴力「以勝利保障和平」的勇者，是提供解決共產災禍、拔本塞源主張的智者，也是使人類免於納粹極權暴力、免於奴役、饑餓、恐怖的仁者。這一個巨大的光輝，是美國的光輝，也是所有捍衛自由正義的世人的光輝。|trans-quote=Marshall MacArthur was a brave man against violences on the Pacific Ocean 'using victory to defense peace', a wise man provide advocate for resolving Communist disasters, pulling up root, blocking waterhead, and a benevolent man who let human free from Nazi's totalitarian violence, free from slavery, hunger and terror. Such a huge glory as this, is the glory of the United States, and the glory of all people who defending freedom and justice.}}</ref>

On the other hand, Truman once remarked that he did not understand how the U.S. Army could "produce men such as [[Robert E. Lee]], John J. Pershing, Eisenhower and Bradley and at the same time produce [[George Armstrong Custer|Custers]], [[George S. Patton|Pattons]] and MacArthur".{{sfn|Pearlman|2008|p=18}} His relief of MacArthur cast a long shadow over American civil–military relations for decades. When Lyndon Johnson met with [[William Westmoreland]] in Honolulu in 1966, he told him: "General, I have a lot riding on you. I hope you don't pull a MacArthur on me."{{sfn|Danner|1993|pp=14–15}} MacArthur's relief "left a lasting current of popular sentiment that in matters of war and peace, the military really knows best", a philosophy which became known as "MacArthurism".<ref name="MacArthurism" />

MacArthur remains a controversial and enigmatic figure. He has been portrayed as a reactionary, although he was in many respects ahead of his time. He championed a progressive approach to the reconstruction of Japan, arguing that all occupations ultimately ended badly. He was often out of step with his contemporaries, such as in 1941 when he contended that Nazi Germany could not defeat the Soviet Union, when he argued that North Korea and China were no mere Soviet puppets, and throughout his career in his insistence that the future lay in the Far East. As such, MacArthur implicitly rejected White American contemporary notions of racial superiority. He always treated Filipino and Japanese leaders with respect as equals. At the same time, his Victorian sensibilities recoiled at leveling Manila with aerial bombing, an attitude the World War II generation regarded as old-fashioned.{{Sfn|Frank|2007|pp=167–174}} When asked about MacArthur, Blamey said, "The best and the worst things you hear about him are both true."{{Sfn|Hetherington|1973|p=223}}

===Honors and awards===
{{main|Service summary of Douglas MacArthur}}
{{main list|List of places named for Douglas MacArthur}}
[[File:West entrance of General Douglas MacArthur Tunnel, San Francisco, California, December 31st, 2014.jpg|thumb|West entrance of the [[MacArthur Tunnel]] in San Francisco, California]]
[[File:1947smacarthurcommcam.jpg|thumb|MacArthur was the subject of two different [[legal tender]] commemorative coins in the Philippines in 1947. Filipino coins of MacArthur were also struck in 1980, the 100th anniversary of his birth and in 2014, the 70th anniversary of the Leyte landings.]]

During his lifetime, MacArthur earned over 100 military decorations from the U.S. and other countries including the Medal of Honor, the French [[Legion of Honour]] and ''[[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de guerre]]'', the [[Order of the Crown of Italy]], the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]] from the Netherlands, the Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath  from Australia, and the [[Order of the Rising Sun#1st Class, Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, Grand Cordon|Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, Grand Cordon]] from Japan.<ref name="Orders_no13" />

MacArthur was enormously popular with the American public. Streets, public works, children, and even a dance step were named after him.{{Sfn|Costello|1981|p=225}} A 1961 ''Time'' article said that "to Filipinos, MacArthur [was] a hero without flaw".<ref name=":0" /> In 1955, his promotion to [[General of the Armies]] was proposed in Congress, but the proposal was shelved.{{Sfn|Foster|2011|p=19}}<ref>[[s:Senate Joint Resolution 26, 21 January 1955|Senate Joint Resolution 26, 21 January 1955]]</ref>

Since 1987, the General Douglas MacArthur Leadership Awards are presented annually by the United States Army on behalf of the General Douglas MacArthur Foundation to recognize company grade officers (lieutenants and captains) and junior warrant officers (warrant officer one and chief warrant officer two) who have demonstrated "duty, honor, country" in their professional lives and in service to their communities. Each awardee is presented with a bronze bust of MacArthur.<ref>{{cite web |last=Leipold |first=J.D. |title=CSA presents 28 junior officers with MacArthur Leadership Awards |url=https://www.army.mil/article/104587/ |date=31 May 2013 |access-date=22 July 2014 |archive-date=5 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405060539/http://www.army.mil/article/104587/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since 1989, the U.S. Army Cadet Command on behalf of the General Douglas MacArthur Foundation annually presents the MacArthur Award to the eight best [[Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps|U.S. Army ROTC]] programs in the country out of 274 senior Army ROTC units. The award is based on a combination of the performance by the school and its ROTC's commanding officers to support the program, its cadets' performance and standing on the command's National Order of Merit List, and its cadet retention rate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.army.mil/article/244255/cadet_command_announces_2020_macarthur_award_winners |title=Cadet Command announces 2020 MacArthur Award winners |publisher=United States Army |date=15 March 2021 |access-date=10 December 2021 |archive-date=11 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211053515/https://www.army.mil/article/244255/cadet_command_announces_2020_macarthur_award_winners |url-status=live }}</ref>

The MacArthur Leadership Award at the [[Royal Military College of Canada]] in [[Kingston, Ontario]], is awarded to the graduating officer cadet who demonstrates outstanding leadership performance based on the credo of Duty-Honor-Country and potential for future military service.<ref name="rmc.ca Award" />