Editing Developmental psychology (section)

====Middle and Late childhood ages 6–12====
For Erik Erikson, the psychosocial crisis during middle childhood is Industry vs. Inferiority which, if successfully met, instills a sense of Competency in the child.<ref name="Bernardo J. Carducci 2009" />

In all cultures, middle childhood is a time for developing "skills that will be needed in their society."<ref name="Barbara Engler 2013">{{cite book | vauthors = Engler B | title = Personality Theories | edition = 9th | publisher = Cengage Learning | date = 2013 | page = 142 }}</ref> School offers an arena in which children can gain a view of themselves as "industrious (and worthy)". They are "graded for their school work and often for their industry". They can also develop industry outside of school in sports, games, and doing volunteer work.<ref name="Marc H. Bornstein 2010">{{cite book | vauthors = Bornstein MH, Vandell DL, Rook KS | title = Lifespan Development: Infancy Through Adulthood | publisher = Cengage Learning | date = 2010 | page = 299 }}</ref> Children who achieve "success in school or games might develop a feeling of competence."

The "peril during this period is that feelings of inadequacy and inferiority will develop.<ref name="Barbara Engler 2013" /> Parents and teachers can "undermine" a child's development by failing to recognize accomplishments or being overly critical of a child's efforts.<ref name="Marc H. Bornstein 2010" />
Children who are "encouraged and praised" develop a belief in their competence. Lack of encouragement or ability to excel lead to "feelings of inadequacy and inferiority".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://behavioralchild.com/milestones/ | vauthors = Broutian M | publisher = Milestones | title = Your child: early school years (7 to 11 years) stage of development | work = Your Child's Development | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151115170628/http://behavioralchild.com/milestones/ | archive-date= 15 November 2015 | access-date = 13 October 2015 }}</ref>

The [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) divides Middle Childhood into two stages, 6–8 years and 9–11 years, and gives "developmental milestones for each stage".<ref name = "CDC_CD_6-8">{{cite web | work = Centers for Disease Control | title = Child Development: Middle Childhood (6-8 years of age) | date = 4 February 2021 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/middle.html }}</ref><ref name = "CDC_CD_9-11">{{cite web | work = Centers for Disease Control | title = Child Development: Middle Childhood (9-11 years of age) | url = https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/middle2.html | access-date = 15 October 2015 }}</ref>