Editing Conservatism (section)

==== Russia ====
{{main|Conservatism in Russia}}
{{Conservatism in Russia}}
Russian conservatism has experienced a revival in recent decades.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Retraditionalization' and Sacralization of 'Worldview Matters': The Politics of Values in Eastern Europe |url=https://ecpr.eu/Events/Event/PaperDetails/38493 |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=ecpr.eu}}</ref> Under [[Vladimir Putin]], the dominant leader since 1999, Russia has promoted explicitly conservative policies in social, cultural, and political matters, both at home and abroad.<ref>Sergei Prozorov, "Russian conservatism in the Putin presidency: The dispersion of a hegemonic discourse." ''Journal of Political Ideologies'' 10.2 (2005): 121–143 [https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/84604/1/DIIS2004-20.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606061501/https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/84604/1/DIIS2004-20.pdf |date=June 6, 2021 }}.</ref> Putin has criticized globalism and economic liberalism, claiming that "liberalism has become obsolete" and that the vast majority of people in the world oppose [[multiculturalism]], [[free immigration]], and [[LGBT rights by country or territory|rights for LGBT people]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 27, 2019 |editor1-last=Tiounine |editor1-first=Margot |editor2-last=Hannen |editor2-first=Tom |work=[[Financial Times]] |title=Liberalism 'has outlived its purpose' — President Putin speaks exclusively to the Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/video/a49cfa25-610e-438c-b11d-5dac19619e08 |access-date=October 14, 2023}}</ref> Russian conservatism is special in some respects as it supports a [[mixed economy]] with [[Economic interventionism|economic intervention]], combined with a strong nationalist sentiment and [[social conservatism]] which is largely [[Right-wing populism|populist]]. As a result, Russian conservatism opposes [[Right-libertarianism|right-libertarian]] ideals such as the aforementioned concept of economic liberalism found in other conservative movements around the world.

Putin has also promoted new [[think tank]]s that bring together like-minded intellectuals and writers. For example, the [[Izborsky Club]], founded in 2012 by [[Alexander Prokhanov]], stresses [[Russian nationalism]], the restoration of Russia's historical greatness, and systematic opposition to liberal ideas and policies.<ref>Marlene Laruelle, "The Izborsky Club, or the new conservative avant‐garde in Russia." ''The Russian Review'' 75.4 (2016): 626–644.</ref> [[Vladislav Surkov]], a senior government official, has been one of the key ideologues during Putin's presidency.<ref>Sirke Mäkinen, "Surkovian narrative on the future of Russia: making Russia a world leader." ''Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics'' 27#2 (2011): 143–165.</ref>

In cultural and social affairs, Putin has collaborated closely with the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Michel |first=Casey |date=February 9, 2017 |title=How Russia Became the Leader of the Global Christian Right |work=[[Politico]] |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/02/how-russia-became-a-leader-of-the-worldwide-christian-right-214755/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Paterson |first=Tom |date=November 9, 2021 |title=Why Putin Goes to Church |url=https://www.thecambridgelanguagecollective.com/politics-and-society/why-putin-goes-to-church  |website=The Cambridge Language Collective}}</ref> Under [[Patriarch Kirill of Moscow]], the Church has backed the expansion of Russian power into Crimea and eastern Ukraine.<ref>Mark Woods, "How the Russian Orthodox Church is backing Vladimir Putin's new world order" [http://www.christiantoday.com/article/how.the.russian.orthodox.church.is.backing.vladimir.putins.new.world.order/81108.htm ''Christian Today'' March 3, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304015051/http://www.christiantoday.com/article/how.the.russian.orthodox.church.is.backing.vladimir.putins.new.world.order/81108.htm |date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> More broadly, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reports in September 2016 how the Church's policy prescriptions support the Kremlin's appeal to social conservatives:

{{blockquote|A fervent foe of homosexuality and any attempt to put individual rights above those of family, community, or nation, the Russian Orthodox Church helps project Russia as the natural ally of all those who pine for a more secure, illiberal world free from the tradition-crushing rush of globalization, multiculturalism, and women's and gay rights.<ref>Andrew Higgins, "In Expanding Russian Influence, Faith Combines With Firepower", [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/world/europe/russia-orthodox-church.html ''New York Times'' Sept 13, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110031305/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/world/europe/russia-orthodox-church.html |date=November 10, 2019 }}</ref>}}