Editing Bordeaux (section)

== Transport ==
=== Road ===
Bordeaux is an important road and [[Interchange (road)|motorway junction]]. The city is connected to Paris by the [[A10 autoroute (France)|A10]] motorway, with Lyon by the [[A89 autoroute|A89]], with Toulouse by the [[A62 autoroute|A62]], and with Spain by the [[A63 autoroute|A63]]. There is a {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[Beltway|ring road]] called the "[[Rocade de Bordeaux|Rocade]]" which is often very busy. Another ring road is under consideration.

[[File:Pont d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux.JPG|200px|thumb|[[Pont d'Aquitaine]]]]

Bordeaux has five road bridges that cross the [[Garonne]], the Pont de pierre built in the 1820s and three modern bridges built after 1960: the Pont Saint Jean, just south of the Pont de pierre (both located downtown), the [[Pont d'Aquitaine]], a suspension bridge downstream from downtown, and the Pont François Mitterrand, located upstream of downtown. These two bridges are part of the ring-road around Bordeaux. A fifth bridge, the [[Pont Jacques-Chaban-Delmas]], was constructed in 2009–2012 and opened to traffic in March 2013. Located halfway between the Pont de pierre and the Pont d'Aquitaine and serving downtown rather than highway traffic, it is a [[vertical-lift bridge]] with a height in closed position comparable to that of Pont de pierre, and to the Pont d'Aquitaine when open. All five road bridges, including the two highway bridges, are open to cyclists and pedestrians as well. Another bridge, the Pont Jean-Jacques Bosc, is to be built in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2013 |title=Pont Jean-Jacques Bosc – La CUB |url=http://www.lacub.fr/grands-projets/pont-jean-jacques-bosc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024224845/http://www.lacub.fr/grands-projets/pont-jean-jacques-bosc |archive-date=24 October 2013}}</ref>

Lacking any steep hills, Bordeaux is relatively friendly to cyclists. Cycle paths (separate from the roadways) exist on the highway bridges, along the riverfront, on the university campuses, and incidentally elsewhere in the city. [[Bike lane|Cycle lanes]] and [[bus lane]]s that explicitly allow cyclists exist on many of the city's boulevards. A paid [[bicycle-sharing system]] with automated stations was established in 2010.

=== Rail ===
[[File:Bordeaux Gare StJean R01.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean]]]]

The main railway station, [[Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean]], near the center of the city, has 12&nbsp;million passengers a year. It is served by the French national ([[SNCF]]) railway's high speed train, the [[TGV]], that gets to Paris in two hours, with connections to major European centers such as [[Lille]], Brussels, [[Amsterdam]], [[Cologne]], Geneva and London. The TGV also serves [[Toulouse]] and [[Irun]] (Spain) from Bordeaux. A regular train service is provided to [[Nantes]], Nice, [[Marseille]] and [[Lyon]]. The Gare Saint-Jean is the major hub for regional trains ([[Transport express régional|TER]]) operated by the SNCF to [[Arcachon]], [[Limoges]], [[Agen]], [[Périgueux]], [[Langon, Gironde|Langon]], [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]], Le Médoc, Angoulême and [[Bayonne]].

Historically the train line used to terminate at a station on the right bank of the river Garonne near the Pont de Pierre, and passengers crossed the bridge to get into the city. Subsequently, a double-track steel railway bridge was constructed in the 1850s, by [[Gustave Eiffel]], to bring trains across the river direct into Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean. The old station was later converted and in 2010 comprised a cinema and restaurants.

The two-track Eiffel bridge with a speed limit of {{convert|30|km/h|0|abbr=on}} became a bottleneck and a new bridge was built, opening in 2009. The new bridge has four tracks and allows trains to pass at {{convert|60|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://aquitaine.fr/politiques-regionales/transports/pont-ferroviaire-de-bordeaux.html Pont Ferroviaire de Bordeaux] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521131358/http://aquitaine.fr/politiques-regionales/transports/pont-ferroviaire-de-bordeaux.html |date=21 May 2011 }} on aquitaine.fr</ref> During the planning there was much lobbying by the Eiffel family and other supporters to preserve the old bridge as a footbridge across the Garonne, with possibly a museum to document the history of the bridge and Gustave Eiffel's contribution. The decision was taken to save the bridge, but by early 2010 no plans had been announced as to its future use. The bridge remains intact, but unused and without any means of access.

The [[LGV Sud Europe Atlantique]] became fully operational in July 2017, shortening the journey time from Bordeaux city to Paris to 2hrs 4mins.

=== Air ===
[[File:Tour Bordeaux.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport]]]]

Bordeaux is served by [[Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport]], located {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the city centre in the suburban city of [[Mérignac, Gironde|Mérignac]].

=== Trams, buses and boats ===
[[File:Bordeaux tram kruising I.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Tramway de Bordeaux]]]]

Bordeaux has an important public transport system called [[Transports Bordeaux Métropole]] (TBM). This company is run by the Keolis group. The network consists of:
* Four [[Tramway de Bordeaux|tram lines]] ([[Bordeaux Tramway Line A|A]], [[Bordeaux Tramway Line B|B]], [[Bordeaux Tramway Line C|C]] and [[Bordeaux Tramway Line D|D]])
* 75 [[Bus lines in Bordeaux|bus routes]], all connected to the tramway network (from 1 to 96)
* 13 night bus routes (from 1 to 16)
* An [[Trolleybus|electric bus]] shuttle in the city centre
* A boat shuttle on the Garonne river

This network is operated from 5&nbsp;am to 2&nbsp;am.

There had been several plans for a subway network to be set up, but they stalled for both geological and financial reasons. Work on the [[Tramway de Bordeaux]] system was started in the autumn of 2000, and services started in December 2003 connecting Bordeaux with its suburban areas. The tram system uses [[Alstom APS]] a form of [[ground-level power supply]] technology developed by French company [[Alstom]] and designed to preserve the aesthetic environment by eliminating overhead cables in the historic city. Conventional overhead cables are used outside the city. The system was controversial for its considerable cost of installation, maintenance and also for the numerous initial technical problems that paralysed the network. Many streets and squares along the tramway route became pedestrian areas, with [[Limited-access road|limited access]] for cars.

The Bordeaux Tramway system reached the Mérignac airport on April 29th 2023 with the opening of a 5-km extension of Line A.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2023 |title=Bordeaux tramway reaches the airport |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/light-rail-and-tram/bordeaux-tramway-reaches-the-airport/64054.article |website=Railway Gazette |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529045414/https://www.railwaygazette.com/light-rail-and-tram/bordeaux-tramway-reaches-the-airport/64054.article |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Taxis ===
There are more than 400 [[taxicab]]s in Bordeaux.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bordeaux.fr/p1247/en-taxi|title=En taxi|publisher=Ville de Bordeaux|access-date=24 June 2024|language=French|trans-title=By taxi}}</ref>

=== Public transportation statistics ===
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Bordeaux, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 51 min. 12.% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 13 min, while 15.5% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is {{convert|7|km|abbr=on}}, while 8% travel for over {{convert|12|km|abbr=on}} in a single direction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bordeaux Public Transportation Statistics |url=https://www.moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_France_Bordeaux-924 |access-date=19 June 2017 |publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit |archive-date=24 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824180730/https://www.moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_France_Bordeaux-924 |url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref>