Editing Bolesław III Wrymouth (section)

==Church foundations==
It was customary during the 12th-century for ruling families to engage in wide-ranging religious activities like donations in the benefit of the Church. The main objective was to spread Christianity. This was to legitimize religious rulers in the face of God, church hierarchs, clergy and society. Bolesław was not the exception, and he was not only a predatory warrior, a cunning politician and a diplomat; he was also a patron of cultural developments in his realm.

Like most medieval monarchs, he founded several churches and monasteries. Among the most important of which are: 
* The [[Benedictine]] [[Łysa Góra|monastery of Holy Cross]] atop the [[Łysa Góra]] which was founded in place of an ancient pagan temple. The first Abbot of this monastery, Boguchwał, wrote about the foundation and the Duke:

:: ''The pious Duke Bolesław founded in Łysa Góra an Abbey dedicated to the Holy Trinity with monks of the Order of St. Benedict''.

Stored documents from about 1427 (called the ''świętokrzyskie dokumenty pergaminowe'') confirm the history of the Bishop, adding that the co-founder of the monastery was the knight Wojsław.<ref>K. Micorek: [http://www.wgorach.com/?id=43183&location=f&msg=1&lang_id=PL ''Świętokrzyskie Millenium'' (in Polish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919054220/http://www.wgorach.com/?id=43183&location=f&msg=1&lang_id=PL |date=19 September 2016 }} [retrieved 27 July 2014].</ref>
* The [[St. Giles-Church in Inowłódz]] was built in the Romanesque style. According to a modern plate inscription (presumably from the 17th century) this temple was built in 1082 by Władysław I Herman. However, modern research revealed that the foundation of the Church was probably during the 12th century (at the latest from 1138) and the founder was Bolesław.<ref>[http://miasteria.pl/miejsce/kosciol-sw.-idziego-w-inowlodzu.html ''Kościół św. Idziego w Inowłodzu'' (in Polish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808130655/http://miasteria.pl/miejsce/kosciol-sw.-idziego-w-inowlodzu.html |date=8 August 2014 }} [retrieved 27 July 2014]</ref>
* The Collegiate Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Ostrów Tumski was founded thanks to the donations of [[Haymo (Bishop of Wrocław)|Haymo, Bishop of Wrocław]] and ''comes'' Wojsław in 1120, following the reports of the 15th-century ''Rocznika głogowskiego''.<ref>Modern research debated the time of the foundation during 1120–26. The first known source who mentioned the Collegiate was from 1218 (13th century), where mentioned the first [[Provost (religion)|Provost]], Peter. H. Podolińska: [http://www.glogow.pl/tzg/nowosci/2009/1109_kosciol/kosciol_grodowy.htm ''Kościół grodowy (I) na Ostrowie Tumskim - historyczny świadek Obrony Głogowa'' (in Polish)] [retrieved 27 July 2014].</ref> Modern scholars believed that the founder was Bolesław (T. Lalik), or the foundation was made by Bishop Haymo and Wojsław with the consent of the Duke (H. Gerlic) or was a foundation made by Bishop Haymo and Bolesław (T. Jurek). In earlier studies of the history of Silesia existed the opinion that Bolesław founded the Collegiate as a gesture of gratitude for the loyalty and bravery of the people of Głogów and also as a way of penance for Zbigniew's blinding.<ref>H. Podolińska: [http://www.glogow.pl/tzg/nowosci/2009/1109_kosciol/kosciol_grodowy.htm ''Kościół grodowy (I) na Ostrowie Tumskim - historyczny świadek Obrony Głogowa'' (in Polish)] [retrieved 27 July 2014].</ref>
* The Benedictine Abbey in [[Tyniec]] according to some hypotheses was also founded by Bolesław. In 1124 the Papal legate issued the confirmation of the goods received from the Abbey's estates.<ref>M. Gronowski: [http://www.tyniec.benedyktyni.pl/pl/historia/tyniec/Zalozenie-klasztoru/ ''Opactwo Benedyktynów w Tyńcu. Założenie klasztoru. Spór o fundatora Opactwa'' (in Polish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323233407/http://www.tyniec.benedyktyni.pl/pl/historia/tyniec/Zalozenie-klasztoru/ |date=23 March 2014 }} [retrieved 27 July 2014].</ref>
* The Abbey of [[Lubiń, Kościan County|Lubiń]] was restored during 1137–38 by Bolesław and the [[Abdank coat of arms|Awdaniec family]].<ref>S. Szczur: ''Historia Polski – średniowiecze'', p. 183.</ref>
* The [[Wawel Cathedral]] was completed during Bolesław's reign. In 1118 Bishop Maurus was buried there.<ref>Z. Świechowski, E. Gawlikowska-Świechowska: ''Sztuka polska, Romanizm'', p. 64.</ref>
* The [[Canons regular of St. Augustine]] in [[Trzemeszno]] was probably founded by Bolesław. Evidence of this was in a document issued by Mieszko III the Old in 1145.<ref>Z. Świechowski, E. Gawlikowska-Świechowska: ''Sztuka polska, Romanizm'', p. 93.</ref>
The connection of Bolesław and his second wife Salomea with the [[Swabia]]n monastery of [[Zwiefalten]] was well known. The detailed description of [[Berthold of Zwiefalten]] was the only evidence of the cultural, artistic and religious development of the 12th-century Polish court:<ref>J. Żylińska: ''Piastówny i żony Piastów'', pp. 100–101; B. Snoch: ''Protoplasta książąt śląskich'', p. 41.</ref>

:: The Polish Duke Bolesław sent the black cover choirs black, sewn white oxen [...] the gold, the silver, and the tablecloths, and especially in the most numerous of any kind of valuable furs to this monastery more than seventy [[Grzywna (unit)|grzywna]]. Salomea, his wife, sent gold woven stole, two alb knitted silk and silver pitcher with four grzywna on the box of ivory studded with gold, to draw up the choir covers his red coat decorated with gold stripes, and another coat on for the Mass all interwoven gold, dissuaded gold stripes and bottom trimmed with red frames, which according to the custom of the people is decorated with golden stars, curtain wall, one with a silk frames, the other adorned with white lions and the third red in the white list, [...] a hand from Saint Stephen the Martyr [...], a large piece of the Holy Cross, a tooth from Saint John the Baptist, a tooth from Saint Pancras, a tooth of Saint Cecilia, some of the blood of Christ, milk of the Virgin Mary and a chain of Saint Peter. In addition, one hundred pounds of silver, one gold appliqué alb, a cross gold weighing more than four fine gold, a silver gilt chalice, a silver plated pitcher of nearly six fines, a stole embroidered with gold, together with a scarf, a belt, a dalmatic all woven of gold, with the value of fifty and more brands, one black tunic with gold appliqué, a scarf and a cloth interwoven with gold, which together can have a value of twenty grzywna, a curtain wall, knitted silk, one box of ivory, one beautiful crystal vessel, three horses, two ounces of gold, two coats, one of which [...] ermine, a bishop's miter with gloves, on four fine and three coats of other goodies.

The same source mentioned that the golden cross donated to the monastery was made by master Leopard, who worked for the Polish ruler during 1129–37.<ref>Z. Świechowski, E. Gawlikowska-Świechowska: ''Sztuka polska, Romanizm'', p. 328.</ref>

The Reliquary of 1113 is an example of the artistic development during Bolesław's rule; was made during the penitential journey to the tomb of Saint Adalbert in [[Gniezno Cathedral]] after the blinding of Zbigniew, according to the reports the Gallus Anonymous:<ref name="Gallus, p. 161"/>

:: The evidence of the great work of goldsmiths, Bolesław had made on a relic of the Saint, as a testimony to his devotion and penance. Half coffin contains in itself 80 grzywna, the purest gold, not counting the pearls and precious stones that probably matched the value of the gold.

The Reliquary contained the head of Saint Adalbert. At the end of the 15th century it was melted in order to make a new one. According to the notes of 1494, it had the form of an octagonal shrine. The side walls have the shape of squares and were separated by small columns, which were based on the figures of saints or prophets. The monument was decorated with 8 pearls and 40 sapphires.<ref>Z. Świechowski, E. Gawlikowska-Świechowska: ''Sztuka polska, Romanizm'', pp. 327–328.</ref>