Editing Bayonne (section)

==Economy==
[[File:Bayonne Poissonnerie.jpg|thumb|Rue Poissonnerie, a shopping street in Grand-Bayonne]]
[[File:Biarritz Jambon (1).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Bayonne ham]]]]
[[File:Piment 4 det.gif|thumb|Dark chocolate with [[Espelette pepper]]]]

===Population and income tax===
In 2011, the median household income tax was €22,605, placing Bayonne 28,406th place among the 31,886 communes with more than 49 households in metropolitan France.<ref>[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/donnees-detaillees/structure-distrib-revenus/structure-distrib-revenus-2011/structure-distrib-revenus-com-2011.zip Page RFDM2011COM: Local Fiscal Revenue by household], 2011, consulted on 30 July 2014 (20mb+) {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

In 2011, 47.8% of households were not taxable.<ref group="Insee">''REV T1 – Taxes on the income of households''.</ref>

===Employment===
In 2011, the population aged from 15 to 64 years was 29,007 persons of which 70.8% were employable, 60.3% in employment and 10.5% unemployed.<ref group="Insee">''EMP T1 – Population from 15 to 64 years by type of activity''.</ref> While there were 30,012 jobs in the employment area, against 29,220 in 2006, and the number of employed workers residing in the employment area was 17,667, the indicator of job concentration is 169.9% which means that the employment area offers nearly two jobs for every available worker.<ref group="Insee">''EMP T5 – Employment and Activity''.</ref>

===Businesses and shops===
Bayonne is the economic capital of the agglomeration of Bayonne and southern Landes. The table below details the number of companies located in Bayonne according to their industry:<ref group="Insee">''DEN T5 – Number of establishments by sector of activity on 1 January 2013''.</ref>

{| class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:center;"
 |+ Structure of the economy in Bayonne as at 1 January 2013
 |-
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" |
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" | No. of establishments
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #EDEDED; color:black;"  | Total
| style="background: #EDEDED; color:black;"  | '''{{formatnum:4665}}'''
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" | Industry
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  | 270
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" | Construction
|style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"   | 375
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" | Trade, transport and services
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  | {{formatnum:3146}}
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" | Public administration, education, health, and social services
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  | 874
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|Scope: Commercial activities excluding agriculture
|}

The table below shows employees by business establishments in terms of numbers:<ref group="Insee">''CEN T1 – Active establishments by sector of activity on 31 December 2011''.</ref>

{| class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:center;"
 |+ Active establishments by sector of activity on 31 December 2011
 |-
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" |
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" | Total
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" | %
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" | 0 <br />staff
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" | 1 to 9 <br />staff
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" | 10 to 19 <br />staff
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" | 20 to 49 <br />staff
 ! scope="col" style="background: #DDFFDD; color:black;" | 50 staff <br />or more
|-
! scope=row style="background: #EDEDED; text-align:left; color:black;"  | Ensemble
| style="background: #EDEDED; color:black;"  | '''{{formatnum:5946}}'''
| style="background: #EDEDED; color:black;"  | '''100.0'''
| style="background: #EDEDED; color:black;"  | '''{{formatnum:3797}}'''
| style="background: #EDEDED; color:black;"  | '''{{formatnum:1708}}'''
| style="background: #EDEDED; color:black;"  | '''213'''
| style="background: #EDEDED; color:black;"  | '''155'''
| style="background: #EDEDED; color:black;"  | '''73'''
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" | Agriculture, sylviculture and fishing
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |46
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |0.8
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |38
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |6
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |0
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |2
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |0
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" | Industry
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |292
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |4.9
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |150
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |101
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |23
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |15
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |3
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" | Construction
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |428
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |7.2
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |299
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |84
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |26
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |15
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |4
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" | Trade, transport, services
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |{{formatnum:3953}}
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |66.5
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |{{formatnum:2390}}
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |{{formatnum:1346}}
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |117
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |73
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |27
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" style="text-align:right;" | <small>''including trade and car repair''</small>
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |''{{formatnum:1115}}''
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |''18,8''
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |''579''
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |''457''
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |''38''
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |''32''
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |>''9''
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;" | Public administration, education, health, social services
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |{{formatnum:1227}}
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |20.6
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |920
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |171
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |47
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |50
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color:black;"  |39
|-
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|Scope: All activities
|}

The following comments apply to the two previous tables:<ref group=Note>These remarks are not the result of a statistical study of the data presented; they are only indicative.</ref>
*the bulk of economic activity is provided by companies in the tertiary sector;
*Agriculture is almost non-existent Note 54;<ref group=Note>Part of the commune is part of the town is in the [[appellation d'origine controlee]] (AOC) zone of [[Ossau-Iraty]] but there were no producers in 2014.</ref>
*less than 5% of the activity is from the industrial sector which remains focused on establishments of less than 50 employees, as also are construction-related activities;
*public administration, education, health and social services are activities of over 20% of establishments, confirming the importance of Bayonne as an administrative centre.

In 2013, 549 new establishments were created in Bayonne including 406 [[sole proprietorship]]s.<ref group="Insee">''DEN T1 – Creation of Enterprises by sector of activity in 2011''.</ref><ref group="Insee">''DEN T2 – Creation of individual entreprises by sector of activity in 2011''.</ref>

===Workshops and Industry===
Bayonne has few of such industries, as indicated in the previous tables. There is ''Plastitube'' specializing in plastic packaging (190 employees).<ref name="Brunet"/> The [[Izarra (liqueur)|Izarra]] liqueur company set up a distillery in 1912 at Quai Amiral-Bergeret and has long symbolized the economic wealth of Bayonne. Industrial activities are concentrated in the neighbouring communes of [[Boucau]], [[Tarnos]] ([[Turbomeca]]), [[Mouguerre]], and [[Anglet]].

Bayonne is known for its fine chocolates, produced in the town for 500 years, and Bayonne ham, a cured ham seasoned with peppers from nearby [[Espelette]]. [[Izarra (liqueur)|Izarra]], the liqueur made in bright green or yellow colours, is distilled locally. It is said by some that Bayonne is the birthplace of [[mayonnaise]], supposedly a corruption of ''Bayonnaise'', the French adjective describing the city's people and produce. Now bayonnaise can refer to a particular mayonnaise flavoured with the Espelette chillis.

Bayonne is now the centre of certain craft industries that were once widespread, including the manufacture of ''[[makila]]s'', traditional Basque walking-sticks. The Fabrique Alza just outside the city is known for its ''palas'', bats used in ''[[Basque pelota|pelota]]'', the traditional Basque sport.

===Service activities===
The active tertiary sector includes some large retail chains such as those detailed by geographer [[Roger Brunet]]:<ref name="Brunet">[http://tresordesregions.mgm.fr Roger Brunet personal website], consulted on 5 August 2014 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> BUT (240 staff), [[Carrefour]] (150 staff), [[E.Leclerc]] (150 staff), [[Leroy Merlin]] (130 staff), and [[Galeries Lafayette]] (120 employees). Banks, cleaning companies (Onet, 170 employees), and security ([[Brink's]], 100 employees) are also major employers in the commune, as is urban transport which employs nearly 200 staff. Five health clinics, providing a total of more than 500 beds, each employ 120 to 170 staff.<ref name="Brunet"/>

===The port of Bayonne===
[[File:BBC-Magellan à Bayonne.jpg|thumb|The cargo ship ''BBC-Magellan'' in the port of Bayonne in 2014]]

The port of Bayonne is located at the mouth of the Adour, downstream of the city. It also occupies part of communes of Anglet and Boucau in [[Pyrenees-Atlantiques]] and [[Tarnos]] in [[Landes (department)|Landes]].<ref>[http://www.bayonne.port.fr/Documents/fiches_pedagogiques/carteportbayonne.pdf The Port of Bayonne] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170323/http://www.bayonne.port.fr/Documents/fiches_pedagogiques/carteportbayonne.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}, official website, consulted on 14 September 2014 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> It benefits greatly from the natural gas field of Lacq to which it is connected by pipeline. This is the ninth largest French port for trade with an annual traffic of about 4.2 million tonnes of which 2.8 is export. It is also the largest French port for export of [[maize]].<ref name="Brunet"/> It is the property of the Aquitaine region who manage and control the site.<ref>[http://www.bayonne.port.fr/Documents/fiches_pedagogiques/port_concede.pdf The port of Bayonne] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914113802/http://www.bayonne.port.fr/Documents/fiches_pedagogiques/port_concede.pdf |date=14 September 2014 }}, official website, consulted on 14 September 2014 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> Metallurgical products movement are more than one million tons per year and maize exports to Spain vary between 800,000 and 1 million tons. The port also receives refined oil products from the [[TotalEnergies]] oil refinery at [[Donges]] (800,000 tons per year). Fertilizers are a traffic of 500,000 tons per year and [[sulphur]] from Lacq, albeit in sharp decline, is 400,000 tons.<ref name="Brunet"/><ref>[http://www.bayonne.port.fr/Documents/fiches_pedagogiques/trafic_2008_enbref.pdf Traffic in the port of Bayonne in 2008] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025759/http://www.bayonne.port.fr/Documents/fiches_pedagogiques/trafic_2008_enbref.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}, Port of Bayonne official website, consulted on 14 September 2014 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

The port also receives [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and [[General Motors]] vehicles from Spain and Portugal and wood both tropical and from Landes.<ref name="Brunet"/>

===Tourism services===

Due to its proximity to the ocean and the foothills of the Pyrenees as well as its historic heritage, Bayonne has developed important activities related to tourism.<ref group="Insee">''EMP T8 – Employment by sector of activity'' {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

On 31 December 2012, there were 15 hotels in the city offering more than 800 rooms to visitors, but there were no camp sites.<ref group="Insee">''TOU T1 – Number and capacity of hotels at 31 December 2012'' {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> The tourist infrastructure in the surrounding urban area of Bayonne complements the local supply with around 5800 rooms spread over nearly 200 hotels and 86 campsites offering over 14,000 beds.<ref>[http://insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=TOU&millesime=2013&typgeo=AU2010&typesearch=inclusion&codgeo=Bayonne+%2864102%29&territoire=OK Key Tourism statistics for the Urban area of Bayonne at 31 December 2012] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914114219/http://insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=TOU&millesime=2013&typgeo=AU2010&typesearch=inclusion&codgeo=Bayonne+%2864102%29&territoire=OK |date=14 September 2014 }}, consulted on 14 September 2014.</ref>
The Information site of the Bayonne Tourist Office, VisitBayonne.com is featured
on the Global Visit List <ref>[https://globalvisitlist.com/logos/ Logos of Tourist Offices using the expression visit as a prefix]</ref>