Editing Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (section)

===Surgery===
{{Main|Surgery for temporomandibular joint dysfunction}}
Attempts in the last decade to develop [[Surgery|surgical treatment]]s based on [[MRI]] and [[Computed axial tomography|CAT]] scans now receive less attention. These techniques are reserved for the most difficult cases where other [[therapeutic modalities]] have failed. The [[American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons]] recommends a conservative/non-surgical approach first. Only 20% of patients need to proceed to surgery.

Examples of surgical procedures that are used in TMD, some more commonly than others, include [[arthrocentesis]],<ref name="Treatments for painful temporomandi"/> [[arthroscopy]], meniscectomy, disc repositioning, condylotomy or [[joint replacement]]. Invasive surgical procedures in TMD may cause symptoms to worsen.<ref name="Guo 2009" /> Meniscectomy, also termed discectomy refers to surgical removal of the articular disc. This is rarely carried out in TMD, it may have some benefits for pain, but dysfunction may persist and overall it leads to degeneration or remodeling of the TMJ.<ref name="Hagandora 2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hagandora CK, Almarza AJ | s2cid = 46145202 | title = TMJ disc removal: comparison between pre-clinical studies and clinical findings | journal = Journal of Dental Research | volume = 91 | issue = 8 | pages = 745–52 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22744995 | doi = 10.1177/0022034512453324 }}</ref>