Editing Reconquista (section)

===Reverberations===
[[File:Assault-on-Asilah.JPG|thumb|right|The Portuguese forces, personally commanded by King [[Afonso V of Portugal|Afonso V]], in the [[conquest of Asilah]], Morocco, 1471, from the ''[[Pastrana Tapestries]]''.]]
As the Christian kingdoms completed their conquest of territory on the Iberian Peninsula, they shifted their impetus elsewhere, even to the [[Maghreb]], which is  located across the Strait of Gibraltar. A Castilian Crown-sanctioned punitive expedition against Tetouan, a corsair stronghold, was launched as early as 1399–1400.{{Sfn|Bunes Ibarra|1995|p=18}} The [[conquest of Ceuta]] in 1415 marked the beginning of Portuguese expansion in Africa. Thereby, it allowed Portugal to exert control over Castilian and Aragonese trade through the Strait, and it also allowed Portugal to establish a powerbase for the launching of raid expeditions in Muslim-ruled lands.{{Sfn|Bunes Ibarra|1995|pp=19–20}} Some 15th-century political writers promoted the idea of a "Gothic Monarchy", an heir to [[Ancient Rome|Rome]], that included territory across the Strait.{{Sfn|Bunes Ibarra|1995|pp=16–17}} 

The African enterprise which was undertaken during the rule of the [[Catholic Monarchs]] was nominally endorsed by papal bulls and it was also financed with donations which were used to pay the crusade tax, even if it was viewed with some suspicion by the Papacy.{{Sfn|Bunes Ibarra|1995|p=17}} Conquest efforts in Africa on the part of the Catholic Monarchy by and large stalled following the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon.{{Sfn|Bunes Ibarra|1995|p=14}} The model of conquest and repopulation by Christian powers in the Peninsula was however never reproduced in Northern Africa, and with the conquered territory—a fortified mark with very few fortresses scattered along an extensive coastline—merely adopting a defensive role, it allowed for Ottoman expansion in the region.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=La presencia española en el Norte de África: las diversas justificaciones de las conquistas en el Magreb|first=Miguel Ángel de|last=Bunes Ibarra|journal=Aldaba|url=http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/bibliuned:Aldaba-1995-25-2020/Documento.pdf|pages=15, 23–25|issn=0213-7925|issue=25|year=1995}}</ref>

The Portuguese [[Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts|warred with the Ottoman Caliphate]] in the [[Portuguese expedition to Otranto|Mediterranean]],<ref>proficiscitur Hydruntum classis quam ex Portugallia accersivimus. … Speramus illam magno usui Hydruntine expugnationi futuram. …</ref> [[Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]<ref name="soucek">{{Citation   | first = Svat   | last = Soucek   | editor-last = Vagnon   | editor-first = Emmanuelle   | editor2-last = Hofmann   | editor2-first = Catherine   | contribution = Piri Reis. His uniqueness among cartographers and hydrographers of the Renaissance   | contribution-url = http://www.lecfc.fr/new/articles/216-article-11.pdf   | date = June 2013   | pages = 135–144   | publisher = CFC   | title = Cartes marines : d'une technique à une culture. Actes du colloque du 3 décembre 2012.   | url = http://production-scientifique.bnf.fr/Biblio/cartes-marines-dune-technique-une-culture-actes-du-colloque-du-3-decembre-2012   | access-date = 12 December 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180627202943/http://production-scientifique.bnf.fr/Biblio/cartes-marines-dune-technique-une-culture-actes-du-colloque-du-3-decembre-2012   | archive-date = 27 June 2018 | url-status = dead   }}</ref> and [[Ottoman expedition to Aceh|Southeast Asia]] as the Portuguese conquered the Ottomans' allies: the [[Adal Sultanate|Sultanate of Adal]] in East Africa, the [[Sultanate of Delhi]] in South Asia and the [[Sultanate of Malacca]] in Southeast Asia.<ref>João Paulo de Oliveira e Costa, Vítor Luís Gaspar Rodrigues (2012) [https://books.google.com/books?id=n2ziSAAACAAJ ''Campanhas de Afonso de Albuquerque: Conquista de Malaca, 1511'' p. 13] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618230212/https://books.google.pt/books?id=n2ziSAAACAAJ |date=18 June 2018 }}</ref>

[[Christopher Columbus]]'s initial 1492 [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus|voyage to the Americas]] was predicated on the completion of the Granada War, with the Spanish monarchy only able to assent to his overseas journeys once it had completed the process of defeating the Moors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Years In Spain: Columbus Finds a Sponsor {{!}} Religious Studies Center |url=https://rsc.byu.edu/christopher-columbus-latter-day-saint-perspective/years-spain-columbus-finds-sponsor |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=rsc.byu.edu}}</ref> Columbus's views of the New World and the Christian convictions that shaped his actions there were influenced by historical European anti-Muslim ideas that had underpinned the Reconquista itself;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mikhail |first=Alan |date=2020-12-17 |title=How the Specter of Islam Fueled European Colonization in the Americas |url=https://lithub.com/how-the-specter-of-islam-fueled-european-colonization-in-the-americas/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=Literary Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> he believed that by his voyaging, he would be able to reach the [[Grand Khan]] of Asia and create a coalition that could attack the Middle East from both sides and thus bring Jerusalem back under Christian rule.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamdani |first=Abbas |date=1979 |title=Columbus and the Recovery of Jerusalem |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/598947 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=99 |issue=1 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.2307/598947 |jstor=598947 |issn=0003-0279}}</ref>