Editing Prague (section)

==Transport==
{{As of|2017}}, Prague's transport [[modal share]] by journey was 52% public transport, 24.5% by car, 22.4% on foot, 0.4% by bicycle and 0.5% by aeroplane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mhd86.cz/2017/06/27/cim-cestujeme-po-praze-52-cest-pripada-na-mhd-cyklodopravu-tvori-04/ |title=Čím cestujeme po Praze? 52% cest připadá na MHD, cyklodopravu tvoří 0,4% |date=27 June 2017 |website=mhd86.cz |language=cs|access-date=2 September 2019 |archive-date=2 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902071604/https://mhd86.cz/2017/06/27/cim-cestujeme-po-praze-52-cest-pripada-na-mhd-cyklodopravu-tvori-04/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Public transportation===
[[File:Prague 07-2016 tram at Florenc.jpg|thumb|Škoda 15 T, tram of the Prague tram system]]

The public transport infrastructure consists of the heavily used [[Prague Integrated Transport]] (PID, ''Pražská integrovaná doprava'') system, consisting of the [[Prague Metro]] (lines [[line A (Prague Metro)|A]], [[line B (Prague Metro)|B]], and [[line C (Prague Metro)|C]] – its length is {{cvt|65|km|0}} with 61 stations in total), [[Trams in Prague|Prague tram system]], [[Buses in Prague|Prague buses service]], [[Esko Prague|commuter trains]], [[funicular]]s, and seven [[Ferry|ferries]]. Prague has one of the highest rates of public transport usage in the world,<ref>{{cite web |title=Endurance |url=http://www.epomm.eu/endurance/index.php?id=2809&city=454 |publisher=Mgr. Jaroslav Mach |access-date=1 January 2014 |archive-date=7 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907214835/http://www.epomm.eu/endurance/index.php?id=2809&city=454 |url-status=dead}}</ref> with 1.2 billion passenger journeys per year.

Prague has about 300 bus lines (numbers 100–960) and 34 regular tram lines (numbers 1–26 and 91–99). As of 2022 the bus lines are being extended with [[trolley bus]] lines.

There are also three [[funicular]]s, the [[Petřín funicular]] on [[Petřín Hill]], one on Mrázovka Hill and a third at the [[Prague Zoo|Zoo in Troja]].
[[File:Prague - bus 112.jpg|left|thumb|[[SOR NB 18]] of the Prague buses service next to the Prague Zoo]]
[[Trams in Prague|The Prague tram system]] now operates various types of trams, including the [[Tatra T3]], newer [[Tatra KT8D5]], [[Škoda 14 T]] (designed by [[Porsche Design Group|Porsche]]), newer modern [[Škoda 15 T]] and nostalgic tram lines 23 and 41. Around 400 vehicles are the modernized [[Tatra T3|T3]] class, which are typically operated coupled together in pairs.

The Prague tram system is the [[Tram and light rail transit systems|twelfth longest]] in the world (144&nbsp;km) and its rolling stock consists of 786 individual cars,<ref>{{Urban Electric Transit |https://transphoto.org/show.php?cid=82&t=1}}</ref> which is the largest in the world. The system carries more than 360 million passengers annually, the highest tram patronage in the world after [[Budapest]], on a per capita basis, Prague has the second highest tram patronage after [[Zürich]].

All services (metro, tramways, city buses, funiculars and ferries) have a common ticketing system that operates on a [[proof-of-payment]] system. Basic transfer tickets can be bought for 30 and 90-minute rides, short-term tourist passes are available for periods of 24 hours or 3 days, and longer-term tickets can be bought on the smart ticketing system [[Lítačka]], for periods of one month, three months or one year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dpp.cz/jizdne-na-uzemi-prahy/ |title=Jízdné na území Prahy |publisher=Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy |language=cs |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=19 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119031959/http://www.dpp.cz/jizdne-na-uzemi-prahy/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Since August 2021, people up to the age of 14 and over 65 can use Prague's public transport free of charge (proof of age is required). Persons between 15 and 18 years and between 60 and 64 years pay half price for single tickets and day tickets.

Services are run by the Prague Public Transport Company and several other companies. Since 2005 the ''Regional Organiser of Prague Integrated Transport (ROPID)'' has franchised operation of ferries on the [[Vltava]] river, which are also a part of the public transport system with common fares. [[Taxicab|Taxi]] services make pick-ups on the streets or operate from regulated taxi stands. Prague has the second best public transport system in the world, according to TimeOut magazine’s 2023 survey. 

====Prague Metro====
{{Main|Prague Metro}}
[[File:Praha - Metro - Staroměstská (7503784584).jpg|thumb|[[Staroměstská (Prague Metro)|Staroměstská]] metro station of Prague Metro]]
The [[Rapid transit|Metro]] has three major lines extending throughout the city: [[Line A (Prague Metro)|A]] (green), [[Line B (Prague Metro)|B]] (yellow) and [[Line C (Prague Metro)|C]] (red). A fourth Metro [[Line D (Prague Metro)|line D]] is under construction, which will connect the city centre to southern parts of the city (as of 2022, the completion is expected in 2028).<ref>{{cite web |title=Prague Metro, Czech Republic |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/prague_metro/ |publisher=railwaytechnology.com |access-date=30 May 2011 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607061924/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/prague_metro/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro D |url=https://dpp.cz/metro-d |url-status=live |access-date=6 May 2021 |website=Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy, akciová společnost |language=cs |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417105857/https://www.dpp.cz/metro-d}}</ref> The Prague Metro system served 589.2 million passengers in 2012,<ref name="annual-report-2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.dpp.cz/download-file/6145/annual_report_2012_en.pdf |title=Annual Report 2012 |publisher=Public Transport Company of the Capital City of Prague |date=2012 |page=66 |access-date=7 April 2016 |archive-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053507/http://www.dpp.cz/download-file/6145/annual_report_2012_en.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> making it the [[List of metro systems|fifth busiest metro system in Europe]] and the most-patronised in the world on a per capita basis. The first section of the Prague metro was put into operation in 1974. It was the stretch between stations [[Kačerov]] and [[Florenc (Prague Metro)|Florenc]] on the current [[line C (Prague Metro)|line C]]. The first part of [[line A (Prague Metro)|Line A]] was opened in 1978 ([[Dejvická]] – [[Náměstí Míru]]), the first part of [[line B (Prague Metro)|line B]] in 1985 ([[Anděl (Prague Metro)|Anděl]] – [[Florenc (Prague Metro)|Florenc]]).

In April 2015, construction finished to extend the green line A further into the northwest corner of Prague closer to the airport.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hold |first=Gabriella |title=Metro Extension on the Right Track |url=http://www.praguepost.com/news/4900-metro-extension-on-right-track.html |website=The Prague Post |location=Czech Republic |date=30 June 2010 |access-date=30 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114111627/http://www.praguepost.com/news/4900-metro-extension-on-right-track.html |archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> A new interchange station for the bus in the direction of the airport is the station [[Nádraží Veleslavín (Prague Metro)|Nádraží Veleslavín]]. The final station of the green line is [[Nemocnice Motol]] ([[Motol University Hospital|Motol Hospital]]), giving people direct public transportation access to the largest medical facility in the Czech Republic and one of the largest in Europe. A railway connection to the airport is planned.

In operation there are two kinds of units: "81-71M" which is modernized variant of the Soviet [[Metrovagonmash 81-717/81-714|Metrovagonmash 81-71]] (completely modernized between 1995 and 2003) and new "[[Metro M1 (Prague)|Metro M1]]" trains (since 2000), manufactured by consortium consisting of [[Siemens]], [[ČKD (company)|ČKD Praha]] and [[ADtranz]]. The minimum interval between two trains is 90 seconds.

The original Soviet vehicles "[[Metrovagonmash Ečs|Ečs]]" were excluded in 1997, but one vehicle is placed in public transport museum in depot [[Střešovice]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metroweb.cz/metro/Ecs/Ecs.htm |title=Historická souprava Ečs |publisher=Metroweb.cz |access-date=14 September 2013 |archive-date=19 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019170008/http://metroweb.cz/metro/Ecs/Ecs.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Náměstí Míru]] metro station is the deepest station and is equipped with the longest [[escalator]] in [[European Union]]. The [[Prague metro]] is generally considered very safe.

===Roads===
[[File:Barrande bridge.JPG|thumb|[[Barrandov Bridge]], part of the Prague Inner Ring Road |alt=]]
The main flow of traffic leads through the centre of the city and through inner and outer ring roads (partially in operation).

*'''Inner Ring Road''' (The City Ring "MO"): surrounds central Prague. It is the longest city [[tunnel]] in [[Europe]] with a length of {{cvt|5.5|km|mi|1|abbr=off}} and five interchanges has been completed to relieve congestion in the north-western part of Prague. Called ''[[Blanka tunnel complex]]'' and part of the City Ring Road, it was estimated to eventually cost (after several increases) [[Czech koruna|CZK]] 43 billion. Construction started in 2007 and, after repeated delays, the tunnel officially opened in September 2015. This tunnel complex completes a major part of the inner ring road.
*'''[[D0 expressway (Czech Republic)|Outer Ring Road]] (The Prague Ring "D0")''': this ring road will connect all major motorways and speedways that meet each other in Prague region and provide faster transit without a necessity to drive through the city. So far {{cvt|39|km|mi|0}}, out of a total planned {{cvt|83|km|mi|0}}, is in operation. Most recently, the southern part of this road (with a length of more than {{cvt|20|km|mi|0}}) was opened on 22 September 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Opening of Prague's Outer Ring (Czech only) |url=http://zpravy.idnes.cz/klaus-bem-a-barta-strihli-a-otevreli-prazsky-okruh-mytne-se-plati-phs-/domaci.aspx?c=A100920_081710_domaci_jw |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926194912/http://zpravy.idnes.cz/klaus-bem-a-barta-strihli-a-otevreli-prazsky-okruh-mytne-se-plati-phs-/domaci.aspx?c=A100920_081710_domaci_jw |archive-date=26 September 2011 |access-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> As of 2021, the next {{cvt|12|km|mi|0}} section between [[Modletice]] and [[Běchovice]] is planned to be completed in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stát chce začít výkup pozemků pro Pražský okruh |url=https://www.novinky.cz/ekonomika/clanek/stat-chce-zacit-vykup-pozemku-pro-prazsky-okruh-40349633 |url-status=live |access-date=6 May 2021 |website=[[Novinky.cz]] |date=February 2021 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506192218/https://www.novinky.cz/ekonomika/clanek/stat-chce-zacit-vykup-pozemku-pro-prazsky-okruh-40349633}}</ref>

===Rail===
[[File:Praha-Hlavni-nadrazi-2022.jpg|left|thumb|[[Praha hlavní nádraží|Prague main train station]] is the largest and busiest train station in the country.]]
The city forms the hub of the [[České dráhy|Czech railway]] system, with services to all parts of the country and abroad. The railway system links Prague with major European cities (which can be reached without transfers), including [[Dresden]], [[Berlin]], [[Hamburg]], [[Leipzig]], [[Regensburg]] and [[Munich]] (Germany); [[Vienna]], [[Graz]] and [[Linz]] (Austria); [[Warsaw]], [[Kraków]], [[Przemyśl]] and [[Gdynia]] (Poland); [[Bratislava]], [[Poprad]] and [[Košice]] (Slovakia); [[Budapest]] (Hungary); [[Basel]] and [[Zürich]] (Switzerland). Travel times range between 2 hours to Dresden and 13 hours to Zürich.<ref>{{cite web |title=Connections and tickets |url=https://www.cd.cz/en/spojeni-a-jizdenka/ |website=ČD.cz |access-date=15 February 2024 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309232949/https://www.cd.cz/en/spojeni-a-jizdenka/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Prague's main international railway station is [[Praha hlavní nádraží|Hlavní nádraží]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Czech Transport |url=http://czech-transport.com/index.php?id=419 |access-date=30 May 2011 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009003611/http://czech-transport.com/index.php?id=419 |url-status=live}}</ref> rail services are also available from other main stations: [[Praha Masarykovo nádraží|Masarykovo nádraží]], [[Praha-Holešovice railway station|Holešovice]] and [[Praha-Smíchov railway station|Smíchov]], in addition to suburban stations. Commuter rail services operate under the name [[Esko Prague|Esko Praha]], which is part of [[Prague Integrated Transport|PID]] (Prague Integrated Transport).
{{clear}}
[[File:Prago-Ruzyně, flughaveno, el-aera vido, 7.jpeg|thumb|Václav Havel Airport Prague is one of the busiest airports in [[central Europe]], carrying 16.8 million passengers in 2018.|alt=]]

===Air===
Prague is served by [[Václav Havel Airport Prague]], the largest airport in the Czech Republic and one of the largest and busiest airports in central and eastern [[Europe]]. The airport is the hub of carriers [[Smartwings]] and [[Czech Airlines]] operating throughout Europe. Other airports in Prague include the city's [[Prague–Kbely Airport|original airport]] in the north-eastern district of [[Prague 19|Kbely]], which is serviced by the [[Czech Air Force]], also internationally. It also houses the [[Prague Aviation Museum, Kbely|Prague Aviation Museum]]. The nearby Letňany Airport is mainly used for private aviation and aeroclub aviation. Another [[Vodochody Airport|airport]] in the proximity is [[Aero Vodochody]] aircraft factory to the north, used for testing purposes, as well as for aeroclub aviation. There are a few aeroclubs around Prague, such as the [[Točná Airport|Točná airfield]].

===Cycling===
{{Main|Cycling in Prague}}
In 2018, 1–2.5 % of people commute by [[Cycling in Prague|bike in Prague]], depending on season. Cycling is very common as a sport or recreation.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://prahounakole.cz/2014/08/potencial-cyklodopravy-v-praze/ |title=Potenciál cyklodopravy v Praze |date=4 August 2014 |work=Prahou na kole |access-date=3 December 2018 |language=cs |archive-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124105658/https://prahounakole.cz/2014/08/potencial-cyklodopravy-v-praze/ |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2019, there were {{cvt|194|km|mi|0}} of protected cycle paths and routes. Also, there were {{cvt|50|km|mi|0}} of [[bike lane]]s and {{cvt|26|km|mi|0}} of specially marked bus lanes that are free to be used by cyclists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsk-praha.cz/static/webbooks/udi-rocenka-2017-cz/index.html |title=Yearbook of transport in Prague 2017 |website=TSK-praha.cz |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-date=8 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208031412/http://www.tsk-praha.cz/static/webbooks/udi-rocenka-2017-cz/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2024, there are four companies [[Bicycle-sharing system|providing bicycle sharing]] in Prague: [[Rekola]] (1,000 bikes), [[Nextbike]] (1,000 bikes), [[Bolt (company)|Bolt]] and [[Lime (transportation company)|Lime]]. Bikesharing is partly connected to the public transportation and subsidised by the city.