Editing Pali (section)

=== Transliteration on computers ===

There are several fonts to use for Pali transliteration. However, older ASCII fonts such as Leedsbit PaliTranslit, Times_Norman, Times_CSX+, Skt Times, Vri RomanPali CN/CB etc., are not recommendable, they are [[Deprecation|deprecated]], since they are not compatible with one another, and are technically out of date. Instead, fonts based on the [[Unicode]] standard are recommended.

However, not all Unicode fonts contain the necessary characters. To properly display all the diacritic marks used for romanized Pali (or for that matter, Sanskrit), a Unicode font must contain the following character ranges:

:* Basic Latin: U+0000 – U+007F
:* Latin-1 Supplement: U+0080 – U+00FF
:* Latin Extended-A: U+0100 – U+017F
:* Latin Extended-B: U+0180 – U+024F
:* Latin Extended Additional: U+1E00 – U+1EFF

Some Unicode fonts freely available for typesetting Romanized Pali are as follows:
:* [http://www.palitext.com/subpages/PC_Unicode.htm The Pali Text Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213221143/http://www.palitext.com/subpages/PC_Unicode.htm |date=13 February 2021 }} recommends [http://www.budsas.org/fonts/index.htm VU-Times] and [https://github.com/gandhariunicode/gandhari_unicode_font Gandhari Unicode] for Windows and Linux Computers.
:* [http://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/c06fa8cf-c49c-4ebc-007f-482de5382105/diacritic%20fonts.html The Tibetan & Himalayan Digital Library] recommends [https://web.archive.org/web/20070617033953/http://www.bcca.org/services/fonts/ Times Ext Roman], and provides links to several Unicode diacritic [http://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/c06fa8cf-c49c-4ebc-007f-482de5382105/windows%20unicode%20diacritic%20fonts.html Windows] and [http://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/c06fa8cf-c49c-4ebc-007f-482de5382105/macintosh%20unicode%20diacritic%20fonts.html Mac] fonts usable for typing Pali together with ratings and installation instructions. It also provides [http://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/c06fa8cf-c49c-4ebc-007f-482de5382105/diacritic%20fonts.html macros] for typing diacritics in OpenOffice and MS Office.
:* [http://www.sil.org/ SIL: International] provides [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=CharisSIL_download Charis SIL and Charis SIL Compact] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224025123/http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=charissil_download |date=24 February 2010 }}, [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&cat_id=FontDownloadsDoulos Doulos SIL], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium_download Gentium], [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium_basic Gentium Basic, Gentium Book Basic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226105845/http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=Gentium_basic |date=26 February 2012 }} fonts. Of them, Charis SIL, Gentium Basic and Gentium Book Basic have all four styles (regular, italic, bold, bold-italic); so can provide publication quality typesetting.
:* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100313135127/http://www.linuxlibertine.org/ Libertine Openfont Project] provides the Linux Libertine font (four serif styles and many Opentype features) and Linux Biolinum (four sans-serif styles) at the [http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/linuxlibertine SourceForge].
:* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090909030635/http://junicode.sourceforge.net/ Junicode] (short for Junius-Unicode) is a Unicode font for medievalists, but it provides all diacritics for typing Pali. It has four styles and some Opentype features such as Old Style for numerals.
:* [http://www.io.com/~hmiller/lang/ Thryomanes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725041925/http://www.io.com/~hmiller/lang/ |date=25 July 2010 }} includes all the Roman-alphabet characters available in Unicode along with a subset of the most commonly used Greek and Cyrillic characters, and is available in normal, italic, bold, and bold italic.
:* [http://www.gust.org.pl/ GUST] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610103043/http://www.gust.org.pl/ |date=10 June 2011 }} (Polish TeX User Group) provides [http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/latin-modern/download Latin Modern] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603224918/http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/latin-modern/download |date=3 June 2011 }} and [http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/tex-gyre TeX Gyre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622122721/http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/tex-gyre |date=22 June 2011 }} fonts. Each font has four styles, with the former finding most acceptance among the LaTeX users while the latter is a relatively new family. Of the latter, each typeface in the following families has nearly 1250 glyphs and is available in PostScript, TeX and OpenType formats.
:** The ''TeX Gyre Adventor'' family of sans serif fonts is based on the URW Gothic L family. The original font, [[ITC Avant Garde|ITC Avant Garde Gothic]], was designed by Herb Lubalin and Tom Carnase in 1970.
:** The ''TeX Gyre Bonum'' family of serif fonts is based on the URW Bookman L family. The original font, [[Bookman (typeface)|Bookman]] or Bookman Old Style, was designed by Alexander Phemister in 1860.
:** The ''TeX Gyre Chorus'' is a font based on the URW Chancery L Medium Italic font. The original, [[ITC Zapf Chancery]], was designed in 1979 by Hermann Zapf.
:** The ''TeX Gyre Cursor'' family of monospace serif fonts is based on the URW Nimbus Mono L family. The original font, [[Courier (typeface)|Courier]], was designed by Howard G. (Bud) Kettler in 1955.
:** The ''TeX Gyre Heros'' family of sans serif fonts is based on the URW Nimbus Sans L family. The original font, [[Helvetica]], was designed in 1957 by Max Miedinger.
:** The ''TeX Gyre Pagella'' family of serif fonts is based on the URW Palladio L family. The original font, [[Palatino]], was designed by Hermann Zapf in the 1940s.
:** The ''TeX Gyre Schola'' family of serif fonts is based on the URW Century Schoolbook L family. The original font, [[Century Schoolbook]], was designed by Morris Fuller Benton in 1919.
:** The ''TeX Gyre Termes'' family of serif fonts is based on the Nimbus Roman No9 L family. The original font, [[Times New Roman|Times Roman]], was designed by Stanley Morison together with Starling Burgess and Victor Lardent.

:* John Smith provides [http://bombay.indology.info/software/fonts/induni/index.html IndUni] Opentype fonts, based upon URW++ fonts. Of them:
:** ''IndUni-C'' is Courier-lookalike;
:** ''IndUni-H'' is Helvetica-lookalike;
:** ''IndUni-N'' is New Century Schoolbook-lookalike;
:** ''IndUni-P'' is Palatino-lookalike;
:** ''IndUni-T'' is Times-lookalike;
:** ''IndUni-CMono'' is Courier-lookalike but monospaced;
:* An English Buddhist monk titled Bhikkhu Pesala provides some [http://www.softerviews.org/Fonts.html Pali OpenType fonts] he has designed himself. Of them:
:** ''Acariya'' is a Garamond style typeface derived from Guru (regular, italic, bold, bold italic).
:** ''Balava'' is a revival of Baskerville derived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20151025081726/http://www.impallari.com/projects/overview/libre-baskerville Libre Baskerville] (regular, italic, bold, bold italic).
:** ''Cankama'' is a Gothic, Black Letter script. Regular style only.
:** (''Carita'' has been discontinued.)
:** ''Garava'' was designed for body text with a generous x-height and economical copyfit. It includes [http://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec/features_pt.htm#pcap Petite Caps] (as OpenType Features), and Heavy styles besides the usual four styles (regular, italic, bold, bold italic).
:** Guru is a condensed Garamond style typeface designed for economy of copy-fit. A hundred A4 pages of text set in Pali would be about 98 pages if set in Acariya, 95 if set in Garava or Times New Roman, but only 90 if set in Guru.(regular, italic, bold, bold italic styles).
:** ''Hari'' is a hand-writing script derived from Allura by Robert E. Leuschke.(Regular style only).
:** (''Hattha'' has been discontinued)
:** ''Jivita'' is an original Sans Serif typeface for body text. (regular, italic, bold, bold italic).
:** ''Kabala'' is a distinctive Sans Serif typeface designed for display text or headings. Regular, italic, bold and bold italic styles.
:** ''Lekhana'' is a Zapf Chancery clone, a flowing script that can be used for correspondence or body text. Regular, italic, bold and bold italic styles.
:** ''Mahakampa'' is a hand-writing script derived from Great Vibes by Robert E. Leuschke. Regular type style.
:** ''Mandala'' is designed for display text or headings. Regular, italic, bold and bold italic styles.
:** ''Nacca'' is a hand-writing script derived from Dancing Script by Pablo Impallari and released on Font Squirrel. Regular type style.
:** ''Odana'' is a calligraphic brush font suitable for headlines, titles, or short texts where a less formal appearance is wanted. Regular style only.
:** ''Open Sans'' is a Sans Serif font suitable for body text. Ten type styles.
:** ''Pali'' is a clone of Hermann Zapf's Palatino. Regular, italic, bold and bold italic styles.
:** ''Sukhumala'' is derived from Sort Mills Goudy. Five type styles
:** ''Talapanna'' is a clone of Goudy Bertham, with decorative gothic capitals and extra ligatures in the Private Use Area. Regular and bold styles.
:** (''Talapatta'' is discontinued.)
:** ''Veluvana'' is another brush calligraphic font but basic Greek glyphs are taken from ''Guru''. Regular style only.
:** ''Verajja'' is derived from Bitstream Vera. Regular, italic, bold and bold italic styles.
:** ''VerajjaPDA'' is a cut-down version of ''Verajja'' without symbols. For use on PDA devices. Regular, italic, bold and bold italic styles.
:** He also provides some [http://www.softerviews.org/Fonts.html#PagePlus_Keyboard Pali keyboards] for Windows XP.
:* [http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html The font section] of Alanwood's Unicode Resources have links to several general purpose fonts that can be used for Pali typing if they cover the character ranges above.
Some of the latest fonts coming with Windows 7 can also be used to type transliterated Pali: ''Arial'', ''Calibri'', ''Cambria'', ''Courier New'', ''Microsoft Sans Serif'', ''Segoe UI'', ''Segoe UI Light'', ''Segoe UI Semibold'', ''Tahoma'', and ''Times New Roman''. Some of them have four styles each, hence usable in professional typesetting: ''Arial, Calibri'' and ''Segoe UI'' are sans-serif fonts, ''Cambria'' and ''Times New Roman'' are serif fonts and ''Courier New'' is a monospace font.