Editing Pain (section)

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | vauthors = Casey K |date=2019 |title=Chasing Pain: The Search for a Neurobiological Mechanism |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0190880231 }}
* Allison Parshall, "Pain Language: The sound of 'ow' transcends borders", ''[[Scientific American]]'', vol. 332, no. 2 (February 2025), pp. 16–18.   "Many [[language]]s have an [[interjection]] word for expressing pain. [Katarzyna Pisanski ''et al.'', writing in the ''[[Journal of the Acoustical Society of America]]'', have] found that pain interjections tend to contain the [[vowel]] sound 'ah' (written as [a] in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]) and letter combinations that incorporate it, such as 'ow' and 'ai.' These patterns may point back to the origins of human language itself." (p. 16.) "Researchers are continually discovering cases of [[Artistic symbol|symbolism]], or sound [[iconicity]], in which a word's intrinsic nature has some connection to its meaning. These cases run counter to decades of [[linguistic theory]], which had regarded language as fundamentally arbitrary... [Many words [[onomatopoeia|onomatopoeically]] imitate a sound. Also] there's the [[Bouba/kiki effect|'bouba-kiki' effect]], whereby people from varying cultures are more likely to associate the nonsense word 'bouba' with a rounded shape and 'kiki' with a spiked one.... [S]omehow we all have a ''feeling'' about this,' says Aleksandra Ćwiek... [She and her colleagues have] show[n] that people associate the [[Trill consonant|trilled]] 'R' sound with roughness and the 'L' sound with smoothness. [[Mark Dingemanse]]... in 2013 found [that] the conversational 'Huh?' and similar words in other languages may be universal." (p. 18.)