Editing Oslo (section)

===Roads and automobiles===

Many of the motorways pass through the downtown and other parts of the city in tunnels. The construction of the roads is partially supported through a [[toll road|toll ring]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bompenger |url=https://www.vegvesen.no/trafikkinformasjon/reiseinformasjon/bompenger/ |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=Statens vegvesen |language=nb |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630044332/https://www.vegvesen.no/trafikkinformasjon/reiseinformasjon/bompenger/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The major motorways through Oslo are [[European route E6|European Route E6]] and [[European route E18|E18]]. There are three [[ring road]]s in Oslo; the innermost 2 being city streets and the outermost, [[Ring 3 (Oslo)|Ring 3]], being an [[Limited-access road|expressway]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oslo toll ring / toll plazas |url=http://www.visitoslo.com/en/transport/by-car/toll-ring/ |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=www.visitoslo.com |language=en |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626162950/https://www.visitoslo.com/en/transport/by-car/toll-ring/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ring 3 – Oslo Byleksikon |url=https://oslobyleksikon.no/side/Ring_3 |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=oslobyleksikon.no |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630044628/https://oslobyleksikon.no/side/Ring_3 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Oslo has made an effort since the late 2000s in restricting private car use, as well promoting the use of [[electric vehicle]]s above fossil-fueled vehicles. In 2018, Oslo banned all non-resident cars from its downtown areas.<ref name="Jones-2018">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2018 |title='It's the only way forward': Madrid bans polluting vehicles from city centre |url=http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/nov/30/its-the-only-way-forward-madrid-bans-polluting-vehicles-from-city-centre |access-date=7 June 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607170301/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/nov/30/its-the-only-way-forward-madrid-bans-polluting-vehicles-from-city-centre |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wolfe |first=Jonathan |date=19 December 2018 |title=Oslo Puts Up a Stop Sign |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/travel/oslo-restricts-cars-in-city-center.html |access-date=7 June 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607154048/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/travel/oslo-restricts-cars-in-city-center.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Oslo has been called the electric vehicle capital of the world, as 41% of all registered cars in the municipality are fully electric.<ref name="Crosse-2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.reutersevents.com/sustainability/how-oslo-became-worlds-electric-vehicle-capital |title=How Oslo became the world's electric vehicle capital |language=en |date=22 August 2018 |access-date=28 June 2022 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706161549/https://www.reutersevents.com/sustainability/how-oslo-became-worlds-electric-vehicle-capital |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ssb.no/kommunefakta/oslo |title=Kommunefakta Oslo |language=no |date=1 January 2022 |access-date=28 June 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117001140/https://www.ssb.no/kommunefakta/oslo |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2021, the number of electric vehicles entering Oslo's toll ring was higher than the number of fossil-fueled vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bil24.no/historisk-veiskille-for-elbiler-i-oslo/?amp |title=Historisk veiskille for elbiler i Oslo |language=no |date=15 October 2021 |access-date=28 June 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001135153/https://bil24.no/historisk-veiskille-for-elbiler-i-oslo/?amp |url-status=live }}</ref> The high amount of electric vehicles in Oslo can be attributed to cheaper tolls, no vehicle import tax, no [[VAT]], free parking, and access to [[bus lane]]s throughout the city.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=January 7 |first1=Christina Bu |last2=Est |first2=2022 7:00 Am |title=What Norway Can Teach the World About Electric Vehicles |url=https://time.com/6133180/norway-electric-vehicles/ |access-date=30 June 2022 |magazine=Time |language=en |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702044630/https://time.com/6133180/norway-electric-vehicles/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Crosse-2018" />