Editing Newfoundland and Labrador (section)

==Culture==

===Art===
{{Main|Art of Newfoundland and Labrador}}
Before 1950, the visual arts were a minor aspect of Newfoundland cultural life, compared with the performing arts such as music or theatre. Until about 1900, most art was the work of visiting artists, who included members of the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]], [[Rockwell Kent]] and [[Eliot O'Hara]]. Artists such as Newfoundland-born [[Maurice Galbraith Cullen|Maurice Cullen]] and [[Robert Pilot]] travelled to Europe to study art in prominent ateliers.<ref>Mireille Eagan."Before Category," PAGES, vol. 1 no. 1, (The Rooms), 2013. p. 37</ref>
[[File:Artist sketching the St. John's Harbour and skyline (c. 1910).jpg|thumb|left|Photograph of an artist sketching St. John's harbour and skyline, {{circa|1890}}]]
By the turn of the 20th century, amateur art was made by people living and working in the province. These artists included J.W. Hayward and his son Thomas B. Hayward, Agnes Marian Ayre, and [[Harold B. Goodridge]], the last of whom worked on a number of mural commissions, notably one for the lobby of the [[Confederation Building (Newfoundland and Labrador)|Confederation Building]] in St. John's.<ref name="heritage.nf.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/visual-arts.php|title=Visual Arts|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=May 31, 2016|archive-date=August 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809050447/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/visual-arts.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Local art societies became prominent in the 1940s, particularly The Art Students Club, which opened in 1940.<ref>"Without a Suitable Gallery, Club Tries to Encourage Nfld. Art," The Daily News, (June 23, 1950).</ref>

After Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949, government grants fostered a supportive environment for visual artists, primarily painters. The visual arts of the province developed significantly in the second half of the century, with the return of young Newfoundland artists whom had studied abroad. Amongst the first were [[Rae Perlin]], who studied at the [[Art Students League]] in New York, and [[Helen Parsons Shepherd]] and her husband Reginald Shepherd, who both graduated from the [[Ontario College of Art]].<ref name="heritage.nf.ca"/> The Shepherds established the province's first art school, the Newfoundland Academy of Art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/reginald-shepherd.php|title=Reginald Shepherd|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=May 31, 2016|archive-date=May 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531033105/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/reginald-shepherd.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

Newfoundland-born painters [[Christopher Pratt]] and [[Mary Pratt (painter)|Mary Pratt]] returned to the province in 1961 to work at the newly established [[Memorial University Art Gallery]] as its first curator, later transitioning to painting full-time in Salmonier. [[David Blackwood]] graduated from the [[Ontario College of Art]] in the early 1960s and achieved acclaim with his images of Newfoundland culture and history. Newfoundland-born artist [[Gerald Squires]] returned in 1969.<ref name="heritage.nf.ca"/>

The creation of [[The Memorial University Extension Services]] and [[St. Michael's Printshop]] in the 1960s and 1970s attracted a number of visual artists to the province to teach and create art. Similarly, the school in Hibb's Hole (now [[Hibb's Cove]]), established by painter [[George Noseworthy]], brought professional artists such as [[Anne Meredith Barry]] to the province.<ref>Mireille Eagan."Before Category," PAGES, vol. 1 no. 1, (The Rooms), 2013. p. 43</ref> A notable artist during this period is [[Marlene Creates]].<ref name="heritage.nf.ca"/>
[[File:The Rooms (North face), St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.jpg|thumb|[[The Rooms]] is a provincial cultural facility that houses the [[Provincial and territorial museums of Canada|provincial art gallery]].]]
From 1980 to present, opportunities for artists continued to develop, as galleries such as the [[Art Gallery of Newfoundland and Labrador]] (which later became [[The Rooms]] Provincial Art Gallery), the [[Resource Centre for the Arts]], and [[Eastern Edge]] were established. Fine arts education programs were established at post-secondary institutions such as [[Sir Wilfred Grenfell College]] in [[Corner Brook]], the Western Community College (now [[College of the North Atlantic]]) in [[Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador|Stephenville]], and the [[Anna Templeton Centre]] in St. John's.<ref>Mireille Eagan."Before Category," PAGES, vol. 1 no. 1, (The Rooms), 2013. pp. 43–44</ref>

Newfoundland and Labrador's arts community is recognized nationally and internationally. The creation of [[Fogo Island Arts]] in 2008 on [[Fogo Island, Newfoundland and Labrador|Fogo Island]] created a residency-based contemporary art program for artists, filmmakers, writers, musicians, curators, designers, and thinkers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fogoislandarts.ca/about/fogo-island-arts/|title=About – Fogo Island Arts|access-date=May 31, 2016|archive-date=May 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512071925/http://fogoislandarts.ca/about/fogo-island-arts/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013 and 2015, the province was represented at the [[Venice Biennale]] as Official Collateral Projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://canadianart.ca/news/newfoundland-officially-accepted-venice-biennale/|title=Newfoundland Accepted by Venice Biennale – Canadian Art|access-date=May 31, 2016|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624094557/http://canadianart.ca/news/newfoundland-officially-accepted-venice-biennale/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, [[Philippa Jones]] became the first Newfoundland and Labrador artist to be included in the [[National Gallery of Canada]] contemporary art biennial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ngcmagazine.ca/videos/shine-a-light-canadian-biennial-2014-philippa-jones|title=Magazine|website=ngcmagazine.ca|access-date=May 31, 2016|archive-date=June 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608204609/http://www.ngcmagazine.ca/videos/shine-a-light-canadian-biennial-2014-philippa-jones|url-status=live}}</ref> Other notable contemporary artists who have received national and international attention include [[Will Gill]], [[Kym Greeley]], [[Ned Pratt]] and [[Peter Wilkins]].

As of 2011, a study documented approximately 1,200 artists, representing 0.47% of the province's labour force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hillstrategies.com/content/artists-and-cultural-workers-canada%E2%80%99s-provinces-and-territories|title=Artists and Cultural Workers in Canada's Provinces and Territories|website=hillstrategies.com|access-date=May 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707193244/http://www.hillstrategies.com/content/artists-and-cultural-workers-canada%E2%80%99s-provinces-and-territories|archive-date=July 7, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Music===
{{Main|Music of Newfoundland and Labrador}}
Newfoundland and Labrador has a folk musical heritage based on the [[Music of Ireland|Irish]], [[English folk music|English]] and [[Music of Scotland|Scottish]] traditions that were brought to its shores centuries ago. Though similar in its [[Celtic music|Celtic]] influence to neighbouring [[Nova Scotia]] and [[Prince Edward Island]], Newfoundland and Labrador are more Irish than Scottish, and have more elements imported from English and French music than those provinces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/traditional-music-arts.php|title=Traditional Music|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=January 12, 2019|archive-date=January 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113003855/https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/traditional-music-arts.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Much of the region's music focuses on the strong seafaring tradition in the area, and includes [[Sea shanty|sea shanties]] and other sailing songs. Some modern traditional musicians include [[Great Big Sea]], [[The Ennis Sisters]], [[The Dardanelles (band)|The Dardanelles]], [[Ron Hynes]] and [[Jim Payne (folk singer)|Jim Payne]].

The [[Newfoundland Symphony Orchestra]] began in St. John's in 1962 as a 20-piece string orchestra known as the St. John's Orchestra.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nsomusic.ca/?page_id=15|title=About -|access-date=November 26, 2015|archive-date=September 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902052630/http://nsomusic.ca/?page_id=15|url-status=dead}}</ref> A school of music at [[Memorial University of Newfoundland|Memorial University]] schedules a variety of concerts and has a chamber orchestra and jazz band.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mun.ca/music/musicatmemorial/|title=School of Music|access-date=September 6, 2017|archive-date=October 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005071539/http://www.mun.ca/music/musicatmemorial/|url-status=live}}</ref> Two members of its faculty, Nancy Dahn on violin and Timothy Steeves on piano, perform as Duo Concertante<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.duoconcertante.com/|title=Duo Concertante|last=Mediavandals.com|website=Duo Concertante|access-date=November 26, 2015|archive-date=November 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127043918/http://www.duoconcertante.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> and are responsible for establishing an annual music festival in August, the [[Tuckamore Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tuckamorefestival.ca/|title=Tuckamore Chamber Music Festival|website=tuckamorefestival.ca|access-date=November 26, 2015|archive-date=November 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127055112/http://tuckamorefestival.ca/|url-status=live}}</ref> Both the school of music and [[Opera on the Avalon]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://operaontheavalon.com/company-information/|title=Opera on the Avalon|access-date=November 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127070318/http://operaontheavalon.com/company-information/|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> produce operatic works. A leading institution for research in ethnomusicology, Memorial's Research Centre for the Study of Music, Media, and Place, offers academic lectures, scholarly residencies, conferences, symposia, and outreach activities to the province on music and culture.

The pre-confederation and current provincial anthem is the "[[Ode to Newfoundland]]", written by British colonial governor Sir Charles [[Cavendish Boyle]] in 1902. It was adopted as the official Newfoundland anthem on May 20, 1904. In 1980, the province re-adopted the song as an official provincial anthem. "The Ode to Newfoundland" is still sung at public events in Newfoundland and Labrador.

===Literature===
{{See also|Newfoundland in fiction}}
[[File:Author Michael Crummey, May 28 2014.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Michael Crummey]] is a contemporary novelist from Newfoundland and Labrador.]]

[[Margaret Duley]] (1894–1968) was Newfoundland's first novelist to gain an international audience. Her works include ''The Eyes of the Gull'' (1936), ''Cold Pastoral'' (1939) and ''Highway to Valour'' (1941).<ref>Patrick O'Flaherty, ''The Rock Observed: Studies in the Literature of Newfoundland''. (University of Toronto Press, 1979).</ref> Subsequent novelists include [[Harold Horwood]], author of ''Tomorrow Will Be Sunday'' (1966) and ''White Eskimo'' (1972), and [[Percy Janes]], author of ''House of Hate'' (1970).<ref>Patrick O'Flaherty, ''The Rock Observed''</ref> [[Michael Crummey]]'s debut novel, ''River Thieves'' (2001), became a Canadian bestseller.<ref name="Canadian Encyclopaedia">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-crummey|title=Michael Crummey|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|access-date=August 18, 2019|archive-date=August 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818185509/https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-crummey|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wayne Johnston (writer)|Wayne Johnston's]] fiction deals primarily with the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, often in a historical setting;<ref name=canenc1>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/wayne-johnston|title=Wayne Johnston|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|access-date=August 18, 2019|archive-date=August 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818185448/https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/wayne-johnston|url-status=live}}</ref> His novels include ''The Story of Bobby O'Malley'', ''The Time of Their Lives'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://waynejohnston.ca/authorbio.html|title=Welcome to Wayne Johnston's website|website=waynejohnston.ca|access-date=November 25, 2015|archive-date=January 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110041919/http://waynejohnston.ca/authorbio.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=July 2017}} ''The Divine Ryans'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://waynejohnston.ca/thedivineryans.html|title=Welcome to Wayne Johnston's website|website=waynejohnston.ca|access-date=November 25, 2015|archive-date=January 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110041922/http://waynejohnston.ca/thedivineryans.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[The Colony of Unrequited Dreams]]'', a historical portrayal of Newfoundland politician [[Joey Smallwood]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/1999/tcr/0727n05.htm|title=Newfoundland author featured on cover of New York Times Book Review|website=releases.gov.nl.ca|access-date=October 7, 2019|archive-date=December 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227060226/https://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/1999/tcr/0727n05.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/a-world-elsewhere-1.398|title=A World Elsewhere|last=Battersby|first=Eileen|website=The Irish Times|language=en|access-date=October 7, 2019|archive-date=January 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103104121/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/a-world-elsewhere-1.398|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Lisa Moore (writer)|Lisa Moore's]] first novel, ''Alligator'' (2005), is set in St. John's and incorporates her Newfoundland heritage.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lisa-moore| title=Lisa Moore| encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia| access-date=August 18, 2019| archive-date=August 18, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818185449/https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lisa-moore| url-status=live}}</ref> Other contemporary novelists include [[Joel Thomas Hynes]], author of ''[[We'll All Be Burnt in Our Beds Some Night]]'' (2017), [[Jessica Grant]], author of ''Come Thou Tortoise'' (2009), and [[Kenneth J. Harvey]], author of ''The Town That Forgot How to Breathe'' (2003), ''Inside'' (2006) and ''Blackstrap Hawco'' (2008).

[[File:Edwin J. Pratt.JPG|thumb|upright|[[E. J. Pratt]] wrote a number of poems describing maritime life and the history of Canada.]]
The earliest works of poetry in [[British North America]], mainly written by visitors and targeted at a European audience, described the new territories in optimistic terms. One of the first works was [[Robert Hayman]]'s ''Quodlibets'', a collection of verses composed in Newfoundland and published in 1628.

In the [[oral tradition]] of [[County Waterford]], the [[Munster Irish]] poet [[Donnchadh Ruadh Mac Conmara]], a former [[hedge school]] teacher, is said to have sailed for Newfoundland around 1743, allegedly to escape the wrath of a man whose daughter the poet had impregnated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://waterfordireland.tripod.com/donncha_ruadh_macconmara.htm |title=Donnchadh Ruadh |access-date=January 1, 2023 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221124036/http://waterfordireland.tripod.com/donncha_ruadh_macconmara.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> During the 21st century, however, [[linguist]]s discovered that several of Donnchadh Ruadh's poems in the [[Irish language]] contain multiple Gaelicized words and terms known to be unique to [[Newfoundland English]]. For this reason, Donnchadh Ruadh's poems are considered the earliest literature in the [[Irish language in Newfoundland]].<ref>Edited by Natasha Sumner and Aidan Doyle (2020), ''North American Gaels: Speech, Song, and Story in the Diaspora'', [[McGill-Queen's University Press]]. Pages 73–91.</ref>

After the Second World War, Newfoundland poet [[E. J. Pratt]] described the struggle to make a living from the sea in poems about maritime life and the history of Canada, including in his 1923 "breakthrough collection" ''Newfoundland Verse''.<ref name="online">"[http://www.library.utoronto.ca/canpoetry/pratt/ E. J. Pratt:Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110163840/http://www.library.utoronto.ca/canpoetry/pratt/ |date=January 10, 2015 }}," Canadian Poetry Online, University of Toronto Libraries. Web, March 17, 2011.</ref><ref>Brian Trehearne ed., "[https://books.google.com/books?id=BZJGnhAQT6cC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false E. J. Pratt 1882–1964] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513184116/https://books.google.com/books?id=BZJGnhAQT6cC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=May 13, 2016 }}," ''Canadian Poetry 1920 to 1960'' (Toronto: McLelland & Stewart, 2010), 21. Google Books, Web, March 20, 2011.</ref><ref name="vulpe">Nicola Vulpe, "[http://www.bookrags.com/tandf/pratt-ej-18821964-tf/ Pratt, E.J. 1882–1964]," ''Reader's Guide to Literature in English''. BookRags.com, Web, March 26, 2011.</ref><ref name="pitt">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edwin-john-pratt|title=Edwin John Pratt|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=August 18, 2019|archive-date=August 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818185447/https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edwin-john-pratt|url-status=live}}</ref> Amongst more recent poets are [[Tom Dawe]], [[Al Pittman]], [[Mary Dalton]], [[Agnes Walsh]], [[Patrick Warner]]<ref>[http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/patrick-warner.php Patrick Warner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110041930/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/patrick-warner.php |date=January 10, 2016 }}.</ref> and [[John Steffler]]. Canadian poet [[Don McKay (poet)|Don McKay]] has resided in St. John's in recent years.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McKay |first1=Don |title=Don McKay – Brick Books |url=http://www.brickbooks.ca/bookauthors/don-mckay/ |website=brickbooks.ca |access-date=November 26, 2015 |archive-date=November 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126105352/http://www.brickbooks.ca/bookauthors/don-mckay/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1967 the St. John's Arts and Culture Centre was opened along with the first all-Canadian Dominion Drama Festival: 
::Playwrights across Canada began writing, and this explosion was also felt in Newfoundland and Labrador. Subregional festivals saw Newfoundland plays compete—''Wreakers'' by [[Cassie Brown]], ''Tomorrow Will Be Sunday'' by [[Tom Cahill (playwright)|Tom Cahill]], and ''Holdin' Ground'' by [[Ted Russell (Canadian politician)|Ted Russell]]. Cahill's play went on to receive top honours and a performance at [[Expo 67]] in Montreal. Joining Brown and Cahill in the seventies were [[Michael Cook (playwright)|Michael Cook]] and [[Al Pittman]], both prolific writers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/playwrights.php|title=Playwrights|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=November 26, 2015|archive-date=November 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126122112/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/playwrights.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Performing arts===
Rossleys, a "[[vaudeville]]-style performance troupe", put on [[Minstrel show|blackface minstrelsy shows]] which were a popular source of entertainment in Newfoundland between 1911 and 1917.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Quigley |first1=Colleen |first2=Melissa |last2=Templeton |date=2020 |title=Performing Blackface on the Newfoundland Stage: The Rossleys, Transnational Connections, and Early Twentieth Century Theatre in St. John's |journal=Theatre Research in Canada |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=64–87 |doi=10.3138/TRIC.41.1.64}}</ref> Modern theatre companies include the New Curtain Theatre Company in [[Clarenville, Newfoundland|Clarenville]] and the New World Theatre Project in [[Cupids]]. [[Shakespeare by the Sea, Newfoundland|Shakespeare by the Sea]] presents outdoor productions of the plays of [[William Shakespeare]], as well as pieces related to the province and culture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shakespearebytheseafestival.com/about-us.php |title=Shakespeare By The Sea Festival |website=shakespearebytheseafestival.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314010750/http://shakespearebytheseafestival.com/about-us.php |archivedate=2013-03-14}}</ref>

[[Dance in Newfoundland and Labrador]] comprises [[dance]]s that are specific to the province, including [[performance dance|performance]] and [[folk dance|traditional]], and [[aboriginal dance|Indigenous dance]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dance |url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/dance.php |website=Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador |accessdate=23 August 2019 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322031531/https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/arts/dance.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Traditional Dance |url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/traditional-dance.php |website=Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador |accessdate=23 August 2019 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322031532/https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/traditional-dance.php |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Kittiwake Dance Theatre]], founded in 1987, is the oldest non-profit dance company in Newfoundland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theovercast.ca/kittiwake-dance-theatres-spring-showcase-will-be-the-seasons-dance-highlight/|title=Kittiwake Dance Theatre's Spring Showcase Will Be The Season's Dance Highlight|date=May 6, 2016|website=The Overcast|accessdate=August 25, 2019|archive-date=August 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825164011/https://theovercast.ca/kittiwake-dance-theatres-spring-showcase-will-be-the-seasons-dance-highlight/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gazette.mun.ca/public-engagement/music-and-movement/|title=Music and Movement|last=Cook|first=Mandy|date=April 10, 2019|website=The Gazette|access-date=August 25, 2019|archive-date=August 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825162510/https://gazette.mun.ca/public-engagement/music-and-movement/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Other===
[[George Street (St. John's)| George Street]] in St. John's is the location of an annual Mardi Gras celebration in October, but the largest celebration held there is the six-night George Street Festival in early August. The festival is rumoured to be the largest of its kind in North America with over 120,000 people making their way through the two block street during the six-day period.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newfoundlandlabrador.com/trip-ideas/travel-stories/george-street |title=George Street |website=newfoundlandlabrador.com |access-date=24 March 2025}}</ref>

===Symbols===
{{see also|Symbols of Newfoundland and Labrador}}

{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Provincial symbols
|-
| Official flower
|[[Sarracenia purpurea|Pitcher plant]]
|-
| Official tree
|[[Picea mariana|Black spruce]]
|-
| Official bird
|[[Atlantic puffin]]
|-
| Official horse
|[[Newfoundland pony]]
|-
| Official animal
| [[Caribou (North America)|Caribou]]
|-
| Official game bird
| [[Rock ptarmigan|Ptarmigan]]
|-
| Official mineral
| [[Labradorite]]
|-
| Official dogs
| [[Newfoundland (dog)|Newfoundland Dog]] and<br />[[Labrador Retriever]]
|-
| [[National anthem|Provincial anthem]]
| "[[Ode to Newfoundland]]"
|-
| Provincial holiday
| June 24 Discovery Day
|-
| [[Patron saint]]
| [[John the Baptist]]
|-
| Official [[tartan]]
| [[File:Newfoundland.jpg|center|70px]]
|-
| Great seal
| [[File:Greatsealofnewfoundland.jpg|center|70px]]
|-
|[[Coat of arms]]
| [[File:Coat of arms of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg|center|70px]]
|-
|[[Escutcheon (heraldry)|Escutcheon]]
| [[File:Simple arms of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg|center|50px]]
|}

[[File:Flag of Newfoundland.svg|thumb|left|The [[Newfoundland Tricolour]] is an unofficial flag used by a number of Newfoundlanders.]]
[[File:Flag of Labrador.svg|right|thumb|The unofficial [[Flag of Labrador]], used by a number of Labradorians]]
Newfoundland and Labrador's [[Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador|present provincial flag]], designed by Newfoundland artist [[Christopher Pratt]], was officially adopted by the legislature on May 28, 1980, and first flown on "Discovery Day" that year. The blue is meant to represent the sea, the white represents snow and ice, the red represents the efforts and struggles of the people, and the gold represents the confidence of Newfoundlanders and Labradorians. The blue triangles are a tribute to the Union Flag, and represent the British heritage of the province. The two red triangles represent Labrador (the mainland portion of the province) and the island. In Pratt's words, the golden arrow points towards a "brighter future".<ref name="The Newfoundland Flag">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.nl.ca/aboutnl/flag.html|title=About Newfoundland and Labrador – Provincial Flag|access-date=March 22, 2017|archive-date=February 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203121433/https://www.gov.nl.ca/aboutnl/flag.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

What has commonly but mistakenly been called the Newfoundland tricolour [[Newfoundland Tricolour|"Pink, White and Green"(sic)]] is the flag of the Catholic Church affiliated Star of the Sea Association (SOSA). It originated in the late nineteenth century and enjoyed popularity among people who were under the impression that it was the Native Flag of Newfoundland which was created before 1852 by the Newfoundland Natives' Society. The true Native Flag (red-white-green tricolour) was widely flown into the late nineteenth century. Neither tricolour was ever adopted by the Newfoundland government.<ref name="THE PROVINCES Chap XIX">{{cite web|url=http://www.fraser.cc/FlagsCan/Provinces/Newfoundland.html|title=THE PROVINCES Chap XIX: Newfoundland|access-date=June 22, 2010|archive-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225073118/http://www.fraser.cc/FlagsCan/Provinces/Newfoundland.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The "Pink, White and Green"(sic) has been adopted by some residents as a symbol of ties with Irish heritage and as a political statement. Many of the province's [[Protestantism|Protestants]], who make up nearly 60% of the province's total population,<ref name="Population by religion, by province and territory (2001 Census)">{{cite web|url=http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo30a-eng.htm?sdi=religion|title=Statistics Canada: Population by religion, by province and territory (2001 Census)|access-date=June 22, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810201649/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo30a-eng.htm?sdi=religion|archive-date=August 10, 2011}}</ref> may not identify with this heritage. At the same time, many of the province's Catholics, approximately 37% of the total population (with at least 22% of the population claiming Irish ancestry),<ref name="renamed_from_2006_on_20151223002828">{{cite web|url=http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo26b-eng.htm|title=2006 Statistics Canada National Census: Newfoundland and Labrador|publisher=Statistics Canada|date=July 28, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115234229/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo26b-eng.htm|archive-date=January 15, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Religions in Canada: Newfoundland and Labrador">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/Religion/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&View=1a&Code=10&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=10&B2=All%20Religions%20in%20Canada|title=Religions in Canada: Newfoundland and Labrador|access-date=June 22, 2010}}{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> think the current provincial flag does not satisfactorily represent them.<ref name="Emblem of our country">Carolyn Lambert, "Emblem of our Country", ''Newfoundland and Labrador Studies,'' Volume 23, Number 1, 2008.</ref> But, a government-sponsored poll in 2005 revealed that 75% of Newfoundlanders rejected adoption of the Tricolour flag as the province's official flag.<ref name="poll">Mark Quinn, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/Page/document/v4/sub/MarketingPage?user_URL=https://www.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2FArticleNews%2FTPStory%2FLAC%2F20051029%2FFLAG29%2FTPNational%2F%3Fquery%3Dnewfoundland%2Bflag&ord=1151677709799&brand=theglobeandmail&force_login=true "Push for old Newfoundland flag fails to cause ripple, poll finds"]{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', October 29, 2005, A16</ref>

Labrador has its own [[Flag of Labrador|unofficial flag]], created in 1973 by Mike Martin, former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] for Labrador South.

On Newfoundland, {{as of|2024|lc=yes}} moose have become an increasingly adopted symbol of the island.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ian |last=Austen |title=A Menace to Motorists, but the ‘Noble’ Moose Is Adopted by Newfoundland |date=October 5, 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/05/world/canada/newfoundland-moose-car-accidents.html |url-access=subscription}}</ref>