Editing Naval mine (section)

=== Bubble jet effect ===
The bubble jet effect occurs when a mine or torpedo detonates in the water a short distance away from the targeted ship. The explosion creates a bubble in the water, and due to the difference in pressure, the bubble will collapse from the bottom. The bubble is buoyant, and so it rises towards the surface. If the bubble reaches the surface as it collapses, it can create a pillar of water that can go over a hundred meters into the air (a "columnar plume"). If conditions are right and the bubble collapses onto the ship's hull, the damage to the ship can be extremely serious; the collapsing bubble forms a high-energy jet similar to a [[shaped charge]] that can break a metre-wide hole straight through the ship, flooding one or more compartments, and is capable of breaking smaller ships apart. The crew in the areas hit by the pillar are usually killed instantly. Other damage is usually limited.<ref name=Reid1996/>

The [[Baengnyeong incident]], in which the [[ROKS Cheonan (PCC-772)|ROKS ''Cheonan'']] broke in half and sank off the coast South Korea in 2010, was caused by the bubble jet effect, according to an international investigation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/20_05_10jigreport.pdf|title=Investigation Result on the Sinking of ROKS "Cheonan" by The Joint Civilian-Military Investigation Group|date=20 May 2010|access-date=27 January 2014|work=BBC News|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226101846/http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/20_05_10jigreport.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/26/world/asia/26korea.html |title=South Korea Cites Attack in Ship Sinking |newspaper=The New York Times |date=25 April 2010 |access-date=25 April 2010 |first=Choe |last=Sang-Hun |archive-date=28 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428090134/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/26/world/asia/26korea.html |url-status=live }}</ref>