Editing Mediterranean Sea (section)

===Shipping===
[[File:Portacontainer MSC in navigazione nello stretto di Messina.jpg|thumb|A cargo ship cruises towards the [[Strait of Messina]]]]
Some of the world's busiest shipping routes are in the Mediterranean Sea. In particular, the Maritime Silk Road from Asia and Africa leads through the Suez Canal directly into the Mediterranean Sea to its deep-water ports in [[Valencia]], [[Piraeus]], [[Trieste]], [[Genoa]], [[Marseille]] and [[Barcelona]]. It is estimated that approximately 220,000 [[merchant vessel]]s of more than 100 [[gross tonnage|tonnes]] cross the Mediterranean Sea each year—about one-third of the world's total merchant shipping. These ships often carry hazardous cargo, which if lost would result in severe damage to the marine environment.

The discharge of chemical tank washings and oily wastes also represent a significant source of marine pollution. The Mediterranean Sea constitutes 0.7% of the global water surface and yet receives 17% of global marine oil pollution. It is estimated that every year between {{convert|100000|and|150000|t|LT|abbr=on}} of crude oil are deliberately released into the sea from shipping activities.
[[File:Porto nuovo di Trieste 1.4.2012.jpg|350px|thumb|Port of [[Trieste]]]]
Approximately {{convert|370000000|t|LT|abbr=on}} of oil are transported annually in the Mediterranean Sea (more than 20% of the world total), with around 250–300 [[oil tanker]]s crossing the sea every day. An important destination is the [[Port of Trieste]], the starting point of the [[Transalpine Pipeline]], which covers 40% of Germany's oil demand (100% of the federal states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg), 90% of Austria and 50% of the Czech Republic.<ref>Thomas Fromm "Pipeline durch die Alpen: Alles im Fluss" In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 26 December 2019.</ref> Accidental [[oil spill]]s happen frequently with an average of 10 spills per year. A major oil spill could occur at any time in any part of the Mediterranean.<ref name="greenpeace.org"/>

{{Location map+
| Mediterranean
| width          = 700
| float          = center
| border         =
| caption        = Largest ports of the Mediterranean area per total vessel traffic as of 2016.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/508771540319329808/pdf/131217-PUB-PUBLIC-publication-date-is-10-23-18.pdf|last1=Arvis|first1=Jean-François|first2=Vincent|last2=Vesin|first3=Robin|last3=Carruthers|page=41|first4=César|last4=Ducruet|first5=Peter|last5=de Langen|year=2019|title=Maritime Networks, Port Efficiency, and Hinterland Connectivity in the Mediterranean. International Development in Focus|location=Washington, DC|publisher=[[World Bank]]|isbn=978-1-4648-1274-3|doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-1274-3|hdl=10398/08c83467-00f6-4f56-9833-1beda9f7734f|s2cid=134161640|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613085117/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/508771540319329808/pdf/131217-PUB-PUBLIC-publication-date-is-10-23-18.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| alt            =
| relief         =
| AlternativeMap = Relief Map of Mediterranean Sea.png
| overlay_image  =
| places =
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Valencia|Valencia]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 39 | lat_min = 26 | lat_sec = 39 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 0 | lon_min = 19  | long_sec = 48 | lon_dir = W
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Barcelona|Barcelona]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 41 | lat_min = 20 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 2 | lon_min = 9 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Genoa|Genoa]]
    | position = left
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 44 | lat_min = 24 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 8 | lon_min = 55 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Ambarlı|Ambarlı]]
    | position = top
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 40 | lat_min = 58 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 28 | lon_min = 40 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Piraeus|Piraeus]]
    | position = bottom
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 37 | lat_min = 57 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 23 | lon_min = 38 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Limassol|Limassol]]
    | position = Top
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 34 | lat_min = 39 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 33 | lon_min = 0 | lon_dir = E
}}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Marseille-Fos Port|Fos]]
    | position = bottom
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 43 | lat_min = 12 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 5 | lon_min = 12 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Malta Freeport|Marsaxlokk]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 35 | lat_min = 49 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 14 | lon_min = 32 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of La Spezia|La Spezia]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 44 | lat_min = 6 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 9 | lon_min = 51 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Algeciras|Algeciras]]
    | position = top
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 36 | lat_min = 9 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 5 | lon_min = 26 | lon_dir = W
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Gioia Tauro|Gioia Tauro]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 38 | lat_min = 26 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 15 | lon_min = 54 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Tanger-Med]]
    | position = bottom
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 35 | lat_min = 50 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 5 | lon_min = 32 | lon_dir = W
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Livorno|Leghorn]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 43 | lat_min = 34 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 10 | lon_min = 18 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Evyapport|Evyap]]
    | position = right
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 40 | lat_min = 47 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 29 | lon_min = 42 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Mersin|Mersin]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 36 | lat_min = 48 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 34 | lon_min = 38 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Haifa|Haifa]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 32 | lat_min = 49 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 35 | lon_min = 00 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Ashdod|Ashdod]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 31 | lat_min = 49 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 34 | lon_min = 39 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Beirut|Beirut]]
    | position =
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 33 | lat_min = 54 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 35 | lon_min = 32 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Gemlik|Gemlik]]
    | position = bottom
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 40 | lat_min = 25 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 29 | lon_min = 5 | lon_dir = E
  }}
{{Location map~ | Mediterranean
    | label = [[Port of Nemrut Bay|Nemrut Bay]]
    | position = right
    | background =
    | mark = Legenda port.svg
    | marksize = 12
    | link =
    | lat_deg = 38 | lat_min = 26 | lat_dir = N
    | lon_deg = 26 | lon_min = 55 | lon_dir = E
  }}
}}