Editing Madison, Wisconsin (section)

==Infrastructure==

===Transportation===
[[File:Dane County Regional Airport Terminal - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Terminal at [[Dane County Regional Airport]]]]

Madison is served by the [[Dane County Regional Airport]], which serves nearly 2.2&nbsp;million passengers annually. Most major [[general aviation]] operations take place at [[Middleton Municipal Airport]] {{convert|15|mi|km|0}} from Madison's city center. [[Metro Transit (Madison)|Metro Transit]] operates bus routes throughout the city and to some neighboring suburbs. While passenger rail is not available within the city limits, the Madison area is served by [[Amtrak]] that thruway bus service that connect the city to rail hubs at [[Milwaukee Intermodal Station]] and [[Chicago Union Station]] as well via the [[Columbus station]] {{convert|20|mi}} northeast of the city. 

Starting from the last decades of the 20th century, Madison has been among the leading cities for bicycling as a form of transportation, with about 3% of working residents pedaling on their journey to work.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Douma, Frank and Fay Cleaveland |year=2008 |title=The Impact of Bicycling Facilities on Commute Mode Share |url=https://www.lrrb.org/pdf/200833.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812015633/https://www.lrrb.org/pdf/200833.pdf |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |access-date=May 7, 2018 |publisher=Minnesota Department of Transportation}}</ref> The share of Madison workers who bicycled to work increased to 5.3% by 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Where We Ride: Analysis of bicyclecommuting in American cities |url=http://bikeleague.org/sites/default/files/Where_We_Ride_2014_data_web.pdf#12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503041814/http://bikeleague.org/sites/default/files/Where_We_Ride_2014_data_web.pdf#12 |archive-date=May 3, 2018 |access-date=May 7, 2018 |publisher=The League of American Bicyclists}}</ref> The 2016 survey by [[American Community Survey]] indicated that 65.7% of working Madison residents commuted by driving alone, 6.7% carpooled, 8.6% used public transportation, and 8.5% walked. About 6% used all other forms of transportation, including bicycles, motorcycles, and taxis. About 4.5% worked at home.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Means of Transportation to Work by Age |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B08101&geo_ids=16000US5548000&primary_geo_id=16000US5548000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508054239/https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B08101&geo_ids=16000US5548000&primary_geo_id=16000US5548000 |archive-date=May 8, 2018 |access-date=May 7, 2018 |publisher=Census Reporter}}</ref>

In 2015, 11.2% of Madison households were without a car, which was unchanged in 2016. The national average was 8.7% in 2016. Madison averaged 1.5 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map |url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |url-status=dead |journal=Governing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511162014/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |archive-date=May 11, 2018 |access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref>

====Buses and public transit====
{{see also|Metro Transit (Madison)}}
[[File: BRT Bus in Junction Station.jpg |thumb|An electric [[Metro Transit (Madison)|Metro Transit]] bus on Madison's [[bus rapid transit]] route]]

Metro Transit, Madison's public transportation network, operates bus services throughout the city and several suburbs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Transit System |url=http://www.ci.madison.wi.us/metro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813170016/http://www.ci.madison.wi.us/metro/ |archive-date=August 13, 2006 |access-date=November 14, 2011 |website=Ci.madison.wi.us}}</ref> Its operations were absorbed by the city in 1970. The transit network focuses on [[point-to-point transit]] service. Metro Transit launched its first [[bus rapid transit]] line in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pollack |first=Nicole |date=September 20, 2024 |title=It's taken decades, but here comes BRT |url=https://madison.com/news/traffic/brt-madison-public-transportation-bus-rapid-transit/article_4c082c6a-76c1-11ef-b2b2-3f0a2f76d889.html |work=Wisconsin State Journal |url-access=subscription |accessdate=September 26, 2024}}</ref>

In addition to public transportation, regional buses connect Madison to various major cities across the [[Upper Midwest]]. [[Badger Bus]] connects Madison and Milwaukee Intermodal Station and [[General Mitchell International Airport]], running several trips daily, Badger Bus also offers weekend service to Minneapolis-St. Paul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Badger Bus Schedule |url=http://www.wanderu.com/bus-travel-review/badger-bus-schedule/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203430/http://www.wanderu.com/bus-travel-review/badger-bus-schedule/ |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |website=wanderu.com}}</ref> [[Greyhound Lines]] serves Madison on its Chicago, Milwaukee, and Minneapolis–Saint Paul route. [[Van Galder Bus Company]], a subsidiary of [[Coach USA]], provides transportation through [[Rockford, Illinois|Rockford]] to Chicago—stopping at [[Union Station (Chicago)|Union Station]] and [[O'Hare Airport]], Van Galder also provides daily service to [[Wausau, Wisconsin|Wausau]] and [[Green Bay, Wisconsin|Green Bay]]. [[Wisconsin Coach Lines]], another subsidiary of Coach USA offers daily service to [[La Crosse]] and Milwaukee Intermodal Station. [[Jefferson Lines]] provides transportation to Minneapolis–Saint Paul and Milwaukee Intermodal Station. Lamers Bus Lines has once-daily trips from Madison to [[Dubuque, Iowa]], and Milwaukee. [[Flixbus]] offers daily service to Minneapolis, Milwaukee, Chicago, [[Indianapolis]] and [[Cincinnati]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmtv15news.com/2025/03/06/flixbus-launches-new-express-route-with-stop-madison/|title=Flixbus launches a new express route with a stop in Madison|first=Katie|last=Castellano|date=March 6, 2025|website=www.wmtv15news.com}}</ref>

====Highways====
[[Interstate 39]] (I-39), [[Interstate 90 in Wisconsin|I-90]] and [[Interstate 94 in Wisconsin|I-94]] run along the far east side of the city, connecting to [[Janesville, Wisconsin|Janesville]] to the south, Milwaukee to the east, and to [[Portage, Wisconsin|Portage]], [[La Crosse]], [[Eau Claire, Wisconsin|Eau Claire]], and [[Wausau, Wisconsin|Wausau]] heading north and northwest.<ref name=map>{{cite web |url= https://wisconsindot.gov/documents/travel/road/hwy-maps/statemap.pdf |title= Wisconsin State Map |date= 2023 |publisher= Wisconsin DOT |accessdate= August 29, 2023}}</ref>

[[U.S. Route 12 in Wisconsin|US 12]], frequently referred to by locals as the Beltline, is a six- to eight-lane [[freeway]] serving the south and west sides of Madison and is the main link from the western suburb of [[Middleton, Wisconsin|Middleton]] to [[Cambridge, Wisconsin|Cambridge]]. Southeast of the area, US 12 connects to [[Lake Geneva, Wisconsin|Lake Geneva]], and going northwest, it heads to Wisconsin Dells.<ref name=map/> [[U.S. Route 18 in Wisconsin|US 18]] is also a component highway of the Beltine, continuing south along US 151 and east towards [[Waukesha, Wisconsin|Waukesha]] and Milwaukee.<ref name=map/> [[U.S. Highway 151]] (US&nbsp;151) runs through downtown and serves as the main thoroughfare through the northeast (as Washington Avenue) and south-central parts (as Park Street) of the city, connecting Madison with [[Dubuque, Iowa]], to the southwest and [[Fond du Lac, Wisconsin|Fond du Lac]] and [[Manitowoc, Wisconsin|Manitowoc]] to the northeast.<ref name=map/>

====Railways====
{{See also|Madison station (C&NW)|Milwaukee Road Depot (Madison, Wisconsin)}}

Railroad freight services are provided to Madison by the [[Wisconsin and Southern Railroad]] (WSOR) and [[Canadian Pacific Kansas City]] (CPKC). Passenger train service between Madison and [[Chicago]] on the ''[[Sioux (train)|Sioux]]'' and the ''[[Varsity (train)|Varsity]]'' was provided by the [[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad]] (Milwaukee Road) until 1971. The [[Chicago and North Western Railway]] also provided service to the east side of Madison, ending in 1965.

The city is served by [[Amtrak]] via [[Columbus station]] {{convert|28|mi|km}} to the northeast, which serves the daily long-distance ''[[Empire Builder]]'' terminating at Chicago, [[Portland Union Station|Portland]] and [[King Street Station|Seattle]]. Columbus station is also served by the [[Amtrak Midwest]] ''[[Borealis (train)|Borealis]]'' route which terminates at Chicago and [[Saint Paul Union Depot|Saint Paul]]. Although located outside of the city proper, the station is listed on Amtrak timetables as Madison's official stop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amtrak Advisory &#124; Amtrak to Operate on Modified Schedules |url=https://www.amtrak.com/service-adjustments-due-to-coronavirus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321005513/https://www.amtrak.com/service-adjustments-due-to-coronavirus |archive-date=March 21, 2021 |access-date=March 31, 2021 |website=www.amtrak.com}}</ref>

A [[high-speed rail]] route from Chicago through Milwaukee and Madison to Minneapolis–Saint Paul was proposed as part of the [[Midwest Regional Rail Initiative]], but then-incoming Governor [[Scott Walker (politician)|Scott Walker]]'s opposition to the project led to the reallocation of funding.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2010 |title=Statement From The U.S. Department Of Transportation |url=http://www.dot.gov/affairs/2010/dot20810.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211181716/http://www.dot.gov/affairs/2010/dot20810.html |archive-date=December 11, 2010 |access-date=November 14, 2011 |website=Dot.gov}}</ref> Plans to establish Amtrak service within Madison were revived in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amtrak proposes route through Madison |date=April 2021 |url=https://www.nbc15.com/2021/04/01/amtrak-proposes-route-through-madison/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810173116/https://www.nbc15.com/2021/04/01/amtrak-proposes-route-through-madison/ |archive-date=August 10, 2021 |access-date=August 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 15, 2021 |title=Amtrak aims to expand train service across U.S. with Biden's help |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2021/06/15/amtrak-train-map-expansion-us/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627182039/https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2021/06/15/amtrak-train-map-expansion-us/ |archive-date=June 27, 2021}}</ref> Anticipating eventual revival of passenger service, public meetings were held in early 2024 by the city's Department of Transportation to consider possible sites for the station.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.cityofmadison.com/transportation/initiatives/passenger-rail-station-study|title=Passenger Rail Station Study|date=November 17, 2022 |publisher=City of Madison, Department of Transportation|access-date=January 29, 2024}}</ref>

===Public safety===
[[File:Madison Police Department West District - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Madison Police Department West District]]

====Fire department====
The Madison Fire Department (MFD) provides fire protection and [[emergency medical services]] to the city. The MFD operates out of 14 fire stations,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fire Suppression |url=http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/stations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222184504/http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/stations |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |website=cityofmadison.com |publisher=Fire Department |location=Madison, Wisconsin |quote=Madison has thirteen (13) fire stations serving the city.}}</ref> with a fleet of 12 engines, 5 ladders,<ref>{{Cite web |title=What we do |url=http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/stations/special-teams/what-we-do |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222184135/http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/stations/special-teams/what-we-do |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |website=cityofmadison.com |publisher=Fire Department |location=Madison, Wisconsin}}</ref> 2 rescue squads, 2 hazmat units,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hazardous Incident Team |url=https://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/stations/special-teams/hazardous-incident-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222184646/https://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/stations/special-teams/hazardous-incident-team |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |website=cityofmadison.com |publisher=Fire Department |location=Madison, Wisconsin}}</ref> a lake rescue team,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Rescue Team |url=https://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/stations/special-teams/lake-rescue-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222182741/https://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/stations/special-teams/lake-rescue-team |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |website=cityofmadison.com |publisher=Fire Department |location=Madison, Wisconsin}}</ref> and 9 ambulances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EMS |url=http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/emergency-medical-services |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222183643/http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/emergency-medical-services |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |website=cityofmadison.com |publisher=Fire Department |location=Madison, Wisconsin |quote=Each day, eight medics (or ambulances) are in service, each staffed by two paramedics.}}</ref> The MFD is contracted to provide fire and EMS services to the suburban enclave village of Shorewood Hills and also provides mutual aid to surrounding communities. In 2021 MFD in conjunction with Journey Mental Health, launched an emergency mental health response team consisting of a paramedic and social work to respond to mental health emergencies, the program initially launched in the Isthmus area and has expanded citywide in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Organization |url=https://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/about/command-staff |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222183302/https://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/about/command-staff |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |website=cityofmadison.com |publisher=Fire Department |location=Madison, Wisconsin }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Reports |url=http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/about/annual-reports |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222190309/http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/about/annual-reports |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |website=cityofmadison.com |publisher=Fire Department |location=Madison, Wisconsin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/about/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222184507/http://www.cityofmadison.com/fire/about/history |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=December 18, 2016 |website=cityofmadison.com |publisher=Fire Department |location=Madison, Wisconsin}}</ref>

====Police department====
The Madison Police Department is the law enforcement agency in the city. The department has six districts: Central, East, North, South, West and Midtown.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blog – Chief's Office – Madison Police Department – City of Madison, Wisconsin |url=http://www.cityofmadison.com/police/chief/blog/?Id=7844 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222174656/http://www.cityofmadison.com/police/chief/blog/?Id=7844 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=December 8, 2016 |website=Cityofmadison.com}}</ref> Special units in the police department include the K9 Unit, Crime Scene Unit, Forensic Unit, Narcotics and Gangs Task Force, Parking Enforcement, Traffic Enforcement Safety Team, [[SWAT]] Team, Special Events Team, C.O.P.S (Safety Education), [[Mounted police|Mounted Patrol]], Crime Stoppers, and Amigos en Azul.

The Madison Police Department was criticized for absolving Officer Steve Heimsness of any wrongdoing in the November 2012 shooting death of an unarmed man, Paul Heenan. The department's actions resulted in community protests, including demands that the shooting be examined and reviewed by an independent investigative body.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madison rally calls for independent review of fatal police shooting |url=http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/crime_and_courts/madison-rally-calls-for-independent-review-of-fatal-police-shooting/article_0acaf784-5d8b-11e2-b307-001a4bcf887a.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315084711/http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/crime_and_courts/madison-rally-calls-for-independent-review-of-fatal-police-shooting/article_0acaf784-5d8b-11e2-b307-001a4bcf887a.html |archive-date=March 15, 2013 |access-date=February 16, 2013 |website=madison.com|date=January 13, 2013 }}</ref> WisconsinWatch.org called into question the MPD's facts and findings, stating that the use of deadly force by Heimsness was unwarranted.<ref>WisconsinWatch.org. [http://www.wisconsinwatch.org/2013/01/06/police-account-of-shooting-disputed "Police account of shooting disputed"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122025017/http://www.wisconsinwatch.org/2013/01/06/police-account-of-shooting-disputed/ |date=January 22, 2013 }}</ref> There were calls for an examination of the Madison Police Department's rules of engagement and due process for officers who use lethal force in the line of duty.

Community criticism of the department's practices resurfaced after MPD officer Matt Kenny [[Shooting of Tony Robinson|shot Tony Robinson]], an unarmed man. The shooting was particularly controversial given the context of the ongoing [[Black Lives Matter]] movement. Due to new Wisconsin state legislation<ref>{{Cite web |title=2013 Assembly Bill 409 |url=http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2013/proposals/ab409 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430212104/http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2013/proposals/ab409 |archive-date=April 30, 2015 |access-date=April 21, 2015 |website=wisconsin.gov}}</ref> that addresses the mechanisms under which officer-on-civilian violence is handled by state prosecutors, proceedings were handed over to a special unit of the [[Wisconsin Department of Justice]] in Madison. On March 27, 2015, the state concluded its investigation and gave its findings to Ismael Ozanne, the [[district attorney]] of Dane County.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savidge |first=Nico |title=Tony Robinson shooting investigation will be turned over to district attorney on Friday |url=http://host.madison.com/news/local/crime_and_courts/tony-robinson-shooting-investigation-will-be-turned-over-to-district/article_712cb93e-28d9-5211-a0e2-b5cc3a63e9ab.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715053652/http://host.madison.com/news/local/crime_and_courts/tony-robinson-shooting-investigation-will-be-turned-over-to-district/article_712cb93e-28d9-5211-a0e2-b5cc3a63e9ab.html |archive-date=July 15, 2015 |access-date=April 21, 2015 |website=madison.com |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Wisconsin State Journal}}</ref> On May 12, 2015, Ozanne determined that the shooting was justified self-defense.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Berman |first=Mark |date=May 12, 2015 |title=Madison police officer won't be charged for shooting Tony Robinson |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/05/12/prosecutor-to-announce-whether-madison-police-officer-will-face-charges-for-shooting-tony-robinson/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513010027/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/05/12/prosecutor-to-announce-whether-madison-police-officer-will-face-charges-for-shooting-tony-robinson/ |archive-date=May 13, 2015}}</ref>