Editing M109 howitzer (section)

== Operators ==

=== Current ===

==== M109A1 ====
* {{DJI}} − 10 M109L as of 2024,{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=488}} former Italian vehicles<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |title=Arms transfer database |url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferRegister |website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref>
* {{GRE}} − 51 M109A1B in 2011.{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} 418 M109A1B/A2/A3GEA1/A5 in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=100}}
* {{IRQ}} − 6 M109A1 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=358}}
* {{IRN}} − 150+ M109A1 including [[Raad-2]]s in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=353}}
* {{JOR}} − 358 M109A1/A2 in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=364}}
* {{MAR}} − 36 M109A1B in 2011,{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} ca. 130 M109A1/A1B/A2/A3/A4 in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=374}}
* {{SAU}} − 87 M109A1B in 2011,{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} 110 M109A1B/A2 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=382}}

==== M109A2/A3/A3B ====
* {{BRA}} − 37 M109A3 as of 2024,{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=417}} will be refurbished{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=398}}
* {{CHI}} − 24 M109A3 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=421}}
* {{GRE}} − 84 M109A2, and 50 M109A3GE in 2011.{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} 418 M109A1B/A2/A3GEA1/A5 in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=100}}
* {{EGY}} − 164 M109A2 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=348}}
* {{JOR}} − 108 M109A2 in 2011,{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} 358 M109A1/A2 in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=364}}
* {{KWT}} − 37 M109A3 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=366}}
* {{LBN}} − 12 M109A2 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=368}}
* {{MAR}} − 3 M109A2 in 2011,{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} ca. 130 M109A1/A1B/A2/A3/A4 in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=374}}
* {{PAK}} − 200 A2 and 123 M109L as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=302}}
* {{PER}} − 12 M109A2 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=447}}
* {{SAU}} − 24 in 2011,{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} 110 M109A1B/A2 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=382}}
* {{ESP}} − 6 M109A2 used by the [[Spanish Marine Infantry|Marine Infantry]] as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=140}}
* {{TWN}} − 197 M109A2 in 2011,{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} 225 M109A2/A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=315}}
* {{UKR}} − 23 M109A3GN and 60 M109L delivered between 2022 and 2023.<ref name="SIPRI" /> 90 M109A3GN/A4/A5Öe/A6/L in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=212}}
* {{UAE}} − 85 M109A3 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=391}}

==== M109A4 ====
* {{INA}} − 36 M109A4 as of 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=indomiliter |date=2018-07-12 |title=Gelombang Kedua M109A4 BE Tiba, Armed TNI AD Kini Punya 36 Unit Self Tracked Propelled Howitzer |url=https://www.indomiliter.com/gelombang-kedua-m109a4-be-tiba-armed-tni-ad-kini-punya-36-unit-self-tracked-propelled-howitzer/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=Indomiliter.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=office_zzam |date=2018-07-12 |title=Indonesia takes delivery of 18 second-hand Belgian M109A4 155mm self-p |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2018/indonesia-takes-delivery-of-18-second-hand-belgian-m109a4-155mm-self-propelled-howitzers |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.armyrecognition.com |language=en-gb}}</ref>
* {{MAR}} − ca. 130 M109A1/A1B/A2/A3/A4 in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=374}}
* {{UKR}} − 28 M109A4BE delivered in 2022.<ref name="SIPRI" /> 90 M109A3GN/A4/A5Öe/A6/L in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=212}}

==== M109A5 ====
* {{AUT}} − 48 M109A5Öe as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=72}}
* {{BHR}} − 20 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=348}}
* {{BRA}} − 40 M109A5 and 32 M109A5+ as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=421}}
* {{CHI}} − 24 M109A5+ as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=417}}
* {{GRE}} − 12 M109A5 in 2011.{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} 418 M109A1B/A2/A3GEA1/A5 in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=100}}
* {{EGY}} − 204 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=348}}
* {{IRQ}} − 24 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=358}}
* {{ISR}} − 250 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=361}}
* {{LAT}} − 59 M109A5Öe as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=112}}
* {{LBN}} − 24 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=368}}
* {{MAR}} − 70 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=374}}
* {{PAK}} − ca. 115 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=302}}
* {{POR}} − 18 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=128}}
* {{ESP}} − 95 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=140}}
* {{TWN}} − 28 M109A5 in 2011,{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}} 225 M109A2/A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=315}}
* {{THA}} − 20 M109A5 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=319}}
* {{UKR}} − 6 M109A5Öe delivered in 2022.<ref name="SIPRI" /> 90 M109A3GN/A4/A5Öe/A6/L in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=212}}

==== M109A6 Paladin ====
* {{USA}} − Estimated 370 M109A6 in service, ca. 850 M109A6 in storage as of January 2025 <ref name="Military Balance 2025">{{cite book |title=The Military Balance |date=2025 |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |isbn=978-1-041-04967-8}}</ref>{{rp|37}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=39}}
* {{UKR}} − 18 M109A6s delivered in 2023.<ref name="SIPRI" /> 90 M109A3GN/A4/A5Öe/A6/L in service as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=212}}

==== M109A7 ====
* {{USA}} − Estimated 300 M109A7 as of January 2025 <ref name="Military Balance 2025">{{cite book |title=The Military Balance |date=2025 |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |isbn=978-1-041-04967-8}}</ref>{{rp|37}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=39}}

==== KAWEST/KAWEST WE ====
* {{CHE}} − 133 M109 KAWEST WE as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=145}}

==== K55A1 ====
* {{ROK}} − 1,180 K55A1 in service with the [[Republic of Korea Army|Army]] and the [[Republic of Korea Marine Corps|Marine Corps]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-24 |title=미·러, 사거리 100km 미래형 자주포 경쟁에 K-9도 진화 중 |url=https://www.g-enews.com/ko-kr/news/article/news_all/20220424132740533414fb262fcb_1/article.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=글로벌이코노믹 |language=ko}}</ref>

=== Potential ===
* {{KSA}} − 177 M109A6 ordered in April 2018<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/kingdom-saudi-arabia-155mm-m109a6-paladin-medium-self-propelled-howitzer-system |title=The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – 155mm M109A6 Paladin Medium Self-Propelled Howitzer System |publisher=Defense Security Cooperation Agency |date=5 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183404/http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/kingdom-saudi-arabia-155mm-m109a6-paladin-medium-self-propelled-howitzer-system |archive-date= 7 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{needs update|date=May 2024}}

=== Former ===
==== M109 ====
* {{flagdeco|Ethiopia|1987}} [[Derg|Ethiopia]]: Received 12 (possibly second-hand) from the United States in 1975,<ref name="SIPRI"/> it was estimated in 1989 to have 6 in service<ref name="IISS1989">{{cite book |last1=Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The military balance, 1989-1990 |date=1989 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=978-0080375694 |author1-link=Institute for Strategic Studies}}</ref>{{rp|127}}
* {{flagicon|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]] − 14 in 2011{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}}
* {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya Dawn]] − At least one was used against [[Islamic State]] forces in [[Sirte]] in late 2016<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Disaster at Tarhuna: When Haftar Lost Another Stronghold In Crushing Defeat To The GNA |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/09/disaster-at-tarhuna-how-haftar-blew-yet.html |website=Oryx |access-date=14 May 2024 |date=15 March 2021}}</ref>
* {{CHE}}: Purchased 146 M109 (Pz Hb 66) and introduced from 1971<ref name="Pz Hb 66"/> All vehicles were upgraded to M109A1B (Pz Hb 66/74) from 1977 to 1979.<ref name="Pz Hb 66/74"/>

==== M109A1/A1B ====
* {{CHE}}: Purchased M109A1B and introduced them in 3 batches: 120 Pz Hb 74 from 1974 to 1978, 207 Pz Hb 79 from 1981 to 1983, and 108 Pz Hb 88 from 1991 to 1992. Also upgraded 146 M109 to M109A1B standard from 1977 to 1979.<ref name="Pz Hb 66/74"/> The total number of received vehicles is 581{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

==== M109A2/A3/A3B ====
* {{BEL}} − 167 A2, of which 64 were upgraded to the -A4BE standard, 31 sold to Brazil (1999–2001), 43 sold to Morocco (2008), the remainder sold to private companies in 2015<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/09/20/stock-met-uit-dienst-genomen-belgische-houwitsers-voor-oekraine/| title = Belgische houwitsers nu toch naar Oekraïne, dankzij … de Britten |newspaper = VERT NWS |language = nl |access-date = 17 January 2023 |date = 21 September 2022 |first = Jens |last = Franssen}}</ref>
* {{DEN}} − 2–6 (upgraded to M109 A3DK, used to be 76)<ref>[http://ing.dk/artikel/stort-set-intet-fungerende-dansk-artilleri-tilbage-179643 Stort set intet fungerende dansk artilleri tilbage] ''[[Ingeniøren]]'', October 2015. Quote: "Of the 6 operative, are only 2–4 available"</ref>
* {{GER}}{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=868}} − 570 A3GE A1/A2, phased out by 1 July 2007{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} and replaced by the [[PzH 2000]]{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=810}}
* {{ISR}} − 30 M109A2 in storage as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=361}}
* {{ITA}} − 221 M109L (M109 modernized to A3 equivalent with Italian-made 155&nbsp;mm/39 calibre barrels),<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/Oto-Melara-155-mm-M109L-self-propelled-howitzer-Italy.html |title=Oto Melara 155 mm M109L self-propelled howitzer (Italy) |work= Armour and Artillery |publisher=Jane's |date= 2010-02-09 |access-date=2010-12-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091212171047/http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/Oto-Melara-155-mm-M109L-self-propelled-howitzer-Italy.html |archive-date=12 December 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> replaced by the PzH 2000{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=810}}
* {{NLD}} − 126 as of 1998, replaced by the PzH 2000,<ref>{{cite web |author=Evert Brouwer |date=18 February 2025 |title=Mijn materieel: Pantserhouwitser 2000NL |url=https://magazines.defensie.nl/materieelgezien/2025/01/pantserhouwitser-2000nl |website=Materieelgezien |publisher=Defensie.nl |language=Dutch}}</ref> 5 sold to Austria (1997), 87 to United Arab Emirates (1997), 121 to Jordan (2011–2012).{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} It is speculated that some remaining M109A2s might have been donated to Ukraine during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://armyrecognition.com/focus-analysis-conflicts/army/conflicts-in-the-world/ukraine-russia-conflict/did-netherlands-secretly-supply-m109a2-howitzers-to-ukraine |title= Did Netherlands Secretly Supply M109A2 Howitzers to Ukraine?.|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 November 2024 |website=Army Recognition  |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>  
* {{NOR}} − 33 in storage after donation of 22 to Ukraine in 2022.<ref name=donation /> 55 in storage in 2021.<ref>[https://www.fremover.no/bekrefter-norsk-artilleri-til-ukraina/s/5-17-981664 Fremover], ''Bekrefter norsk artilleri til Ukraina'' (2022-05-24)</ref> Replaced by the [[K9 Thunder]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Axe |first1=David |title=NATO Countries Are Giving Ukraine Hundreds Of Their Old Howitzers—and Replacing Them With South Korea's Excellent K-9 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/01/23/nato-countries-are-giving-ukraine-hundreds-of-their-old-howitzers-and-replacing-them-with-south-koreas-excellent-k-9/?sh=23b98ebd23a6 |website=Forbes |access-date=14 May 2024 |language=en |date=23 January 2023}}</ref>
* {{POR}} − 6 M109A2 in storage as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=128}}
* {{ROK}} − 1,180 K55 were produced by [[Hanwha Techwin|Samsung Aerospace Industries]] between 1985 and 1996.<ref name="K55 interview"/> All vehicles were upgraded to K55A1 and delivered from 2011 to 2022<ref name="K55A1"/>
* {{UK}} − 140+ entered service in 1965, upgraded to -A1 and -A2 standards, 83 sold to Austria in 1994 (51 A2, 32 A3)

==== M109A4 ====
* {{BEL}} − 64 A4BE of which 36 A4BE sold to Indonesia (2017–2018), the others to private companies in 2015. From these 28 units were bought by the UK to be delivered to Ukraine<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/09/20/stock-met-uit-dienst-genomen-belgische-houwitsers-voor-oekraine/| title = Belgische houwitsers nu toch naar Oekraïne, dankzij … de Britten |newspaper = VRT NWS |language = nl |access-date = 17 January 2023 |date = 21 September 2022 |first = Jens |last = Franssen}}</ref>
* {{CAN}} − 76 A4B+.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/lf/English/1_6_3_2.asp |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080607182117/http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/lf/English/1_6_3_2.asp |publisher =The Canadian Army |year = 2006 |work = Structure |type = fact sheet |title = Transformation |archive-date=2008-06-07}}</ref> Used by the [[Canadian Forces]] from 1967 until 2005, when they were phased out. All the vehicles had been modernized to the M109A4B+ SPH standard in the 1980s. They were primarily used by the [[4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group]] in Germany<ref>{{cite book |first1 =R. |last1 =Lathrop |first2 =Steven J. |last2 =Zaloga |title =M109 155mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 1960–2005 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv7DB_R0KtQC&pg=PA48 |year =2005 |publisher =Bloomsbury USA |isbn =978-1-84176-631-7 |page =48}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

==== M109A5 ====
*{{SAU}} − 48 second-hand M109A5 delivered between 2002 and 2004.<ref name="SIPRI" />{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=867}} None remained in service by 2011{{sfn|Foss|2011|page=870}}