Editing Jury (section)

==== Ireland ====
The [[law of the Republic of Ireland|law in Ireland]] is historically based on English common law and had a similar jury system.  Article 38 of the 1937 [[Constitution of Ireland]] mandates trial by jury for criminal offences, with exceptions for [[summary offence|minor offences]], military tribunals, and where "the ordinary courts are inadequate to secure the effective administration of justice, and the preservation of public peace and order".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/en/constitution/index.html#part12 |title=CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND: TRIAL OF OFFENCES |date=August 2012|work=[[Irish Statute Book]] |access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> In ''[[Death of John Ward|DPP v Nally]]'' [2006] IECCA 128 [[Nicholas Kearns|Kearns J]] set out that a jury has the right to reach a not guilty verdict even in direct contradiction of the evidence.

The principal statute regulating the selection, obligations and conduct of juries is the Juries Act 1976 as amended by the Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2008.<ref name="citinfoirlservice" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1976/en/act/pub/0004/index.html|title=Juries Act, 1976|work=[[Irish Statute Book]]|access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2008/en/act/pub/0014/print.html#part6|title=Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2008; PART 6: Juries|work=[[Irish Statute Book]]|access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> There is a fine of €500 for failing to report for jury service, though this was poorly enforced until a change of policy at the Courts Service in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishlegal.com/3637/courts-service-to-notify-gardai-of-jury-non-reporting/|title=Courts Service to notify gardaí of jury non-reporting|date=16 February 2016|access-date=17 February 2016|publisher=Irish Legal News|archive-date=25 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225105013/http://www.irishlegal.com/3637/courts-service-to-notify-gardai-of-jury-non-reporting/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Criminal jury trials are held in the [[Circuit Court (Ireland)|Circuit Court]] or the [[High Court (Ireland)|Central Criminal Court]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/criminal_law/criminal_trial/criminal_trial.html|title=Criminal trials|date=29 August 2012 |publisher=Citizens Information Bureau  |access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> Juryless trials under the inadequacy exception, dealing with terrorism or organised crime, are held in the [[Special Criminal Court]], on application by the [[Director of Public Prosecutions]] (DPP).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/courts_system/special_criminal_court.html |title=Special Criminal Court |date=6 August 2009 |publisher=Citizens Information Board |access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> Juries are also used in some civil law trials, such as for [[defamation]];<ref name="citinfoirlrole" /> they are sometimes used at coroner's inquests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/death/sudden_or_unexplained_death/inquests.html|title=Inquests|date=9 September 2010 |publisher=Citizens Information Bureau |access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref>

Normally consisting of twelve persons, juries are selected from a jury panel which is picked at random by the [[Counties of Ireland|county]] [[General Register Office|registrar]] from Irish citizens on the Dáil electoral register.<ref name="citinfoirlservice" /> Juries only decide questions of fact and have no role in criminal sentencing. It is not necessary that a jury be unanimous in its verdict.<ref name="citinfoirlrole" /> In civil cases, a verdict may be reached by a majority of nine of the twelve members.<ref name="citinfoirlrole" />  In a criminal case, a verdict need not be unanimous where there are not fewer than eleven jurors if ten of them agree on a verdict after considering the case for a "reasonable time".<ref name="citinfoirlrole">{{cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/courtroom/jury.html|title=Role of the jury|date=5 September 2012|publisher=Citizens Information Board|access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> Juries are not paid, nor do they receive travel expenses; however they do receive lunch for the days that they are serving.<ref name="citinfoirlservice">{{cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/courtroom/jury_service.html|title=Jury service|date=2 October 2012|publisher=Citizens Information Board|access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> The [[Law Reform Commission (Ireland)|Law Reform Commission]] examined jury service, producing a consultation paper in 2010 and then a report in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lawreform.ie/2010/consultation-paper-on-jury-service.296.html|title=Consultation Paper on Jury Service|date=29 March 2010|publisher=Irish Law Reform Commission|access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=April 2013|title=JURY SERVICE|journal=The Law Reform Commission|issue=107–2013|issn=1393-3132|url=http://www.lawreform.ie/_fileupload/Reports/r107.pdf}}</ref> One of its recommendations, to permit extra jurors for long trials in case some are excused, was enacted in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail2013070900037|title=Courts and Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill 2013: Second Stage (Continued) |last=Shatter |first=Alan |date=9 July 2013 |work=Dáil Éireann debates |quote=Part 5 of the Bill amends the Juries Act 1976 to provide for the appointment of up to three additional jurors to deal with lengthy trials. The provision follows a recommendation to this effect in the Law Reform Commission's recently published report on jury service|access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="oir2013n32s23">{{cite web |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2013/en/act/pub/0032/sec0023.html |title=Courts and Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2013, Section 23 |date=24 July 2013|work=[[Irish Statute Book]]|access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="ind29719153">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/anglo-criminal-trial-larger-15-strong-jury-panel-appointed-29719153.html|title=Anglo criminal trial: Larger 15 strong jury panel appointed|last=McDonald|first=Dearbhail|date=1 November 2013|work=[[Irish Independent]]|access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> In November 2013, the DPP requested a 15-member jury at [[Anglo Irish Bank hidden loans controversy|the trial of three Anglo Irish Bank executives]].<ref name="ind29719153" /> Where more than twelve jurors are present, twelve will be chosen by lot to retire and consider the verdict.<ref name="oir2013n32s23" />