Editing Jewish holidays (section)

===Yom HaShoah—Holocaust Remembrance Day===
[[File:Yom Hashoah candle.jpg|thumb|200px|A lit Yom HaShoah Yellow Candle]]
* [[Yom HaShoah]]: (nominally) 27 [[Nisan]]

''Yom HaShoah'' (lit. "Holocaust Day") is a day of remembrance for victims of the [[Holocaust]].  Its full name is ''Yom Hazikaron LaShoah v'LiGevurah'' (lit. "Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day") ({{lang|he|יום הזכרון לשואה ולגבורה}}), and reflects a desire to recognize martyrs who died in active [[Jewish resistance under Nazi rule|resistance]] to the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] alongside those who died as passive victims.  Its date, 27 Nisan, was chosen because it commemorates the [[Warsaw Ghetto uprising]], the best known of the armed Jewish uprisings.<ref group=Note>The uprising began on 14 Nisan, Passover eve.  There was sufficient opposition to the selection of that date for the memorial that its observance was moved to 27 Nisan, approximately halfway between the end of Passover and Yom Ha'Atzmaut, and still within the period of the uprising. See {{cite web|last=Rosenberg|first=Jennifer|title=Holocaust Remembrance Day|url=http://history1900s.about.com/cs/holocaust/a/yomhashoah.htm|website=about.com|access-date=January 22, 2013|archive-date=January 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050356/http://history1900s.about.com/cs/holocaust/a/yomhashoah.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref group=Note>In contrast, [[International Holocaust Remembrance Day]] is observed on January 27, the day the [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]] camp was liberated in 1945.</ref>

Places of public entertainment are closed throughout Israel in recognition of the day.<ref name=tdshoah>{{cite web|title=Yom HaShoah|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/jewish/yom-hashoah|website=timeanddate.com|access-date=February 27, 2013}}</ref>  Public [[Yom HaShoah#Commemoration|commemoration]] of Yom HaShoah usually includes religious elements such as the recitation of [[Psalms]], memorial prayers, and [[kaddish]], and the lighting of [[memorial candle]]s.  [[Yom HaShoah#In Israel|In Israel]], the most notable observances are the State memorial ceremony at [[Yad Vashem]] and the sirens marking off a two-minute silence at 10:00 am.  Religious Zionist and Modern Orthodox Jews generally participate in such public observances along with secular Jews and Jews who adhere to more liberal religious movements.  [[Yom HaShoah#Abroad|Outside Israel]], Jewish communities observe Yom HaShoah in addition to or instead of their countries' [[Holocaust Memorial Days]].<ref name=tdshoah/> Probably the most notable commemoration is the [[March of the Living]], held at the site of [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]], attended by Jews from all parts of the world.

Outside Orthodoxy, a liturgy for Yom HaShoah is beginning to develop.  The Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist prayer books all include [[Yom HaShoah#Liturgy for Yom HaShoah|liturgical elements for Yom HaShoah]], to be added to the regular weekday prayers. Conservative Judaism has written a scroll, called ''<!--[[Tikkun megillat hashoah|-->Megillat HaShoah<!--]]-->,'' intended to become a definitive liturgical reading for Yom HaShoah.<ref name="anchor1" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Gordon|first=Sheldon|title=Holocaust Scroll|url=http://www.myjewishlearning.com/holidays/Jewish_Holidays/Modern_Holidays/Yom_Hashoah/Observances/Holocaust_Scroll.shtml|newspaper=The Jewish Forward|access-date=January 22, 2013|date=May 2003|archive-date=January 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109090614/http://www.myjewishlearning.com/holidays/Jewish_Holidays/Modern_Holidays/Yom_Hashoah/Observances/Holocaust_Scroll.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Orthodox world–even the segment that participates publicly in Yom HaShoah–has been reluctant to write a liturgy for the day, preferring to compose ''[[Kinnot]]'' (prayers of lamentation) for recitation on [[#Tisha B'av|Tisha B'Av]].<ref name="anchor1">{{cite news |last=Wagner |first=Matthew |url=http://www.jpost.com/Features/Article.aspx?id=99553 |title=An anchor for national mourning |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=April 28, 2008|access-date=January 22, 2013}}</ref><ref group=Note>Along with the ''ḥaredi'' resistance to new days of commemoration, there is a reluctance to introduce unnecessary mourning during the month of Nisan ([[#Month of Nisan|see above]]).</ref>

In order to ensure that public Yom HaShoah ceremonies in Israel do not violate Shabbat prohibitions, the date for Yom HaShoah varies<ref name="chutz" group=Note>These changes are not uniformly observed by communities outside Israel, where the ceremonies are not official in nature. And, in fact, sometimes observances outside of Israel are moved to nearby non-working days (like Sundays) to encourage participation.</ref> as follows:
*If 27 Nisan occurs on a Friday, the observance of Yom HaShoah is advanced to the previous day (Thursday, 26 Nisan).
*If 27 Nisan occurs on a Sunday, the observance of Yom HaShoah is delayed to the following day (Monday, 28 Nisan).